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Biomedical subjects

M Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to M Kojima.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Malignant lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring. A histological and immunohistochemical study.

The histopathological and immunohistological features of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma limited to the Waldeyer's ring were studied in 22 Japanese patients using a panel of T- and B-cell markers on paraffin-embedded sections. All cases showed a diffuse growth pattern. Twenty cases were B-cell lymphomas and two were T-cell lymphomas. In contrast to the primary malignant lymphomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, in which T-cell neoplasms are more frequently seen, the majority of the primary Waldeyer's ring lymphomas were B-cell neoplasms. Sixteen of the 20 cases of B-cell lymphoma were centroblastic lymphomas, and the monomorphic variant comprised the majority of these; the other three B-cell lymphomas were immunocytomas. Two of the T-cell lymphomas showed morphological features of angiocentric lymphomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Isolation and characterization of a new chromosomal virulence gene of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

A mutant (strain B119) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens with a chromosomal mutation was isolated by transposon (Tn5) mutagenesis. The mutant exhibited growth rates on L agar and minimal medium (AB) plates similar to those of the parent strain (strain A208 harboring a nopaline-type Ti plasmid). The mutant was avirulent on all host plants tested: Daucus carota, Cucumis sativus, and Kalanchoe diagremontiana. The mutant was not impaired in attachment ability to carrot cells. The mutant had one insertion of Tn5 in its chromosome. The avirulent phenotype of B119 was shown to be due to the Tn5 insertion in the chromosome by the marker exchange technique. A wild-type target chromosomal segment (3.0 kb) which included the site of mutation was cloned and sequenced. Two open reading frames, ORF-1 (468 bp) and ORF-2 (995 bp), were identified in the 3.0-kb DNA segment. Tn5 was inserted in the middle of ORF-2 (acvB gene). Introduction of the acvB gene into the mutant B119 strain complemented the avirulent phenotype of the strain. Homology search found no genes homologous to acvB, although it had some similarity to the open reading frame downstream of the virA gene on the Ti plasmid. Thus, the acvB gene identified in this study seems to be a new chromosomal virulence gene of A. tumefaciens.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens↗
PubMed1993

Permeability of the blood-ocular barrier in adolescent and adult diabetic patients.

The permeability of the blood-ocular barrier was examined by fluorophotometry in adolescent and adult diabetic patients before the onset of retinopathy. The adolescent group consisted of 52 eyes of 52 insulin dependent diabetic patients aged 11 to 19 years and a control group of 10 eyes of 10 normal adolescents. The adult group consisted of 74 eyes of 74 non-insulin dependent diabetics and a control group of 30 eyes of 30 normal adults. The increase in lens autofluorescence in the adolescent diabetic patients compared with the controls was striking and showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001) with the duration of diabetes. Anterior chamber (AQ) values, an index of the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB), increased in the adolescent diabetic patients compared with the controls and showed a significant positive correlation with glycosylated haemoglobin levels. No significant differences from the controls were observed regarding the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). In the adult group there was no significant difference in either the permeability of the BRB or the AQ values between the diabetic and the control groups. Our results suggest that adolescent diabetic patients differ from adults in that BAB permeability is increased before the onset of retinopathy, suggesting that this is the cause of the striking increase in lens autofluorescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Demonstration of the Epstein-Barr genome by the polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation in a patient with viral pericarditis.

A 42 year old man admitted with effusive-constrictive pericarditis had diastolic dysfunction and pericardial thickening. Pericardiectomy was performed because of uncontrolled heart failure. The Epstein-Barr viral IgG antibody titre was exceptionally high. The EB viral genome was demonstrated in the resected pericardium by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation. EB viral pericarditis was diagnosed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Rheumatoid arthritis and B cell lymphoma with pathological changes of reactive histiocytosis.

A 67 year old woman with rheumatoid arthritis was admitted to hospital in acute renal failure. Her clinical features included increasing dyspnoea and oedema, and a computed tomogram of the abdomen showed a large mass in the retroperitoneum. Twenty six days later, she died, and a post mortem examination was carried out. The histological changes of the mass indicated B cell lymphoma of diffuse large cell type, with a reactive proliferation of erythrophagocytosing histiocytes. Immunocytochemical studies showed that the histiocytes were positive for CD-68 and lysozyme, but negative for S-100 protein. Such neoplastic B cell proliferation accompanied by activation of benign looking histiocytes with erythrophagocytosis is very rare.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Differences in naphthalene cataract formation between albino and pigmented rat eyes.

The progression of naphthalene cataracts induced in Brown-Norway rats and Sprague-Dawley rats was compared. The quality of lens changes was basically the same in both strains. However, the cataract progression in Brown-Norway rats showed regularity and was fast as compared with the progression in Sprague-Dawley rats. The cataract development could be divided into three stages. Stage 1: formation of water clefts below the anterior lens capsule (shallow cortex) was observed as the initial change; stage 2: these water clefts extended into the deeper cortical layers, and a semicircular opaque band at the deeper cortical region becomes visible; stage 3: a retroillumination image revealed a ring shadow formation - slit image observation showed wedge-shaped cortical and deeper cortical zonular opacification as the final stage. The expression of these three stages in Sprague-Dawley rats is less uniform and timely delayed as compared with Brown-Norway rats.

Albinism, Oculocutaneous↗
PubMed1993

Synthetic Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser analogues of the cell recognition site of fibronectin that retain antimetastatic and anti-cell adhesive properties.

Synthetic peptide analogues of the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) sequence of fibronectin in which the amino acid of Gly was substituted with another one, named X, i.e. Arg-X-Asp-Ser (R-X-DS), and N-terminal modified R-X-DS have been synthesized to examine their antimetastatic effects in murine lung or liver metastasis models, as well as the inhibitory effect on tumor cell invasion, migration and adhesion in vitro. R-X-DS [X = Leu (L) or D-Leu (1)], as well as RGDS at a high dose of 3000 micrograms, significantly reduced the number of lung tumor colonies when they were co-injected with B16-BL6 melanoma. At a dose of 1000 micrograms/mouse, N-terminal modified R-X-DS, i.e. acetyl-D-R-X-DS [AcDR-X-DS: X = G, L or I], showed a more potent inhibitory effect on the lung or liver metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma or L5178Y-ML25 lymphoma cells, respectively, as compared with RGDS or R-X-DS. AcDRLDS and AcDRIDS prevented the invasion of B16-BL6 cells into Matrigel/fibronectin- and Matrigel/laminin- coated filters, haptotactic migration, and the adhesion of the cells to both fibronectin- and laminin-coated substrates, whereas AcDRGDS inhibited only fibronectin-mediated cell functions. The intermittent i.v. administration of a water soluble vinylpolymer [poly(carboxyethylmethacrylamide), poly(CEMA)] containing R-X-DS (X = L or 1) or RGDS, following the subcutaneous inoculation of B16-BL6 cells, significantly inhibited spontaneous Jung metastasis as compared with multiple administrations of RGDS, R-X-DS or the untreated control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of tranilast ophthalmic solution on allergic conjunctivitis in guinea pigs].

The effect of the ophthalmic solution of tranilast, an anti-allergic agent, on allergic conjunctivitis was studied in passively sensitized guinea pigs. We determined the content of uranine dye and histamine in tears and histopathologically examined palpebral conjunctiva. After instillation of antigen into the conjunctival sac, inflammation of the palpebral conjunctiva, an increase in leaked dye and the release of histamine were found. In the histopathological study, tranilast (1.0%) suppressed the appearance of edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Tranilast suppressed the leakage of uranine in a dose-dependent manner. A 0.5% solution of diphenhydramine also showed the inhibitory effect on the leakage of uranine. The inhibitory effect of 0.5% tranilast on antigen-induced dye leakage and histamine release lasted for 6 hr. These results suggest that topically applied tranilast is effective for allergic conjunctivitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of protease inhibitors and protein synthesis inhibitors on cartilage tissue-dependent bone resorption].

We studied bone resorption of fetal rat femora in association with cartilage tissue. Some protease inhibitors, e.g., E-64, pepstatin A, phosphoramidon, amastatin, bestatin, foroxymithine, did not influence the bone resorption, but some serine protease inhibitors such as PMSF, TLCK, TPCK and elastatinal inhibited the bone resorption at 10(-5) M, 10(-4) M, 10(-4) M, 10(-4) M, respectively. A conditioned medium, obtained from cartilage tissue-cultured medium in the presence of 10(-4) M TPCK, which was then excluded from the medium by dialysis after the culture, stimulated the bone resorption. Cycloheximide (0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml) and puromycin (0.3 to 30 micrograms/ml) inhibited the cartilage tissue-dependent bone resorption. A A transient treatment of the femora with cycloheximide (3 micrograms/ml) for a day inhibited the bone resorption, but after the treatment, in the absence of cycloheximide, the femora gradually recovered the bone-resorbing activity. The conditioned medium, obtained from cartilage tissue-cultured medium in the presence of cycloheximide (3 micrograms/ml), which was then excluded from the medium by dialysis after the culture, failed to influence the bone resorption. These findings collectively suggest that cartilage tissue produces a bone resorption-stimulating factor(s) which is a serine protease or contains the protein as an inactive, latent form and then a certain serine protease converts it to an active form.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effects of moranoline, 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylmoranoline and their N-substituted derivatives on thermostability of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, glucoamylase, and beta-amylase.

In repeated glycosylmoranolines synthetic reaction at 55 degrees C, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGT-ase, EC 2.4.1.19) from Bacillus stearothermophilus retained its activity for more than 600 days. A main stabilizing compound was found to be 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylmoranoline. The thermostabilizing activities of moranoline, 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylmoranoline, and their N-substituted derivatives were studied. Moranoline and its N-substituted derivatives stabilized glucoamylase. 4-O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosylmoranoline and its N-substituted derivatives stabilized CGT-ase and beta-amylase.

1-Deoxynojirimycin↗
PubMed1993

Effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor on hematopoiesis in normal cynomolgus monkeys.

The in vivo efficacy of nonglycosylated recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rh GM-CSF) expressed in Escherichia coli was studied in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). A single intravenous (IV) administration of rh GM-CSF (100 micrograms/kg) resulted in a two-fold increase in peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count with a predominance of neutrophils after 12 hr. The increased WBC count returned to the initial level within 48 hr after administration. In a study with consecutive IV administrations for 10 days, animals treated with 20 micrograms/kg/day rh GM-CSF underwent marked leukocytosis (four fold) and thrombocytosis (two fold). The increase in WBC count was due to increased number of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils. Red blood cell count was unaffected. The leukocytosis resolved within one week after the termination of administration. A lower mean platelet volume compared to the pre-treatment level was observed in rh GM-CSF treated animals receiving 20 micrograms/kg/day for 20 days. This coincided with the elevation in platelet count.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[A clinicopathologic study of primary gastric lymphoma of B-cell type among the Japanese with special reference to low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)].

The most common primary site of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the stomach. The relationship of MALT lymphomas, however, with the more commonly occurring large B-cell gastric lymphoma has not been directly discussed except in the report of Chan et al. (1990), which lacked clinical information regarding the behavior of these tumors. To elucidate the relationship between high-grade large-cell lymphoma and MALT lymphoma, we studied in detail the histopathological and clinicopathologic features with the survival date of 77 Japanese cases of primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) of B-cell type. Based on degree of morphologically recognizable low- or high-grade components of the tumor, PGL was divided into four types: 18 cases of pure MALT lymphoma (type I); 13 cases of MALT lymphoma with small area of high-grade lymphoma (type II); 22 cases of high-grade lymphoma with small areas of MALT lymphoma (type III); and 24 cases pure high-grade lymphoma (type IV). Corresponding to the differences in the histologic pictures of each type, there were differences in the gross appearance, pathologic stage (including depth of invasion) and prognosis. These data suggests that both MALT and high-grade lymphomas of the stomach belong to the same cell lineage and constitute a pathological spectrum and that the histological grouping of PGL is clinico-pathologically useful.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Reinvestigation of streptozotocin induced diabetic cataract as a standard experimental model].

In order to find an appropriate model of experimentally induced streptozotocin diabetic cataract rat for evaluation of the anti-cataract agents. Experimental diabetic cataracts were induced in 3 rat strains (Sprague-Dawley SD, Brown Norway BN, Wistar WIS), age 5 and 7 weeks old, by intravenous injection of 70 mg/kg streptozotocin. The cataract progression was followed by morphological and biochemical assessment. Two types of initial cataractous change were observed in SD and WIS rats which mainly consisted of water-vacuole formation in the peripheral area and a diffuse cloudiness progressing around the anterior Y-suture area. The initial change of BN rats was a Y-suture dissociation and fine water-clefts with dot-like vacuoles. Those initial changes in SD and WIS rats differed from those in BN. No difference in aldose reductase activities among the three strains was found, but BN rats had significantly higher sorbitol dehydrogenase activity than SD or WIS rats. It seems that 7-week-old BN rats are more suitable for experimental diabetic cataract models than SD or WIS.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Rupture of a giant renal artery aneurysm: report of a case.

We report a case of rupture of giant renal artery aneurysm (10 cm diameter) with lower abdominal discomfort and a syncopal attack. The patient was successfully treated by nephrectomy. Rupture of a giant renal artery aneurysm is lethal in most cases and prompt diagnosis is indispensable. As preoperative diagnosis, ultrasonography was useful as it showed the blood flow in the renal artery aneurysm in real-time. CT scan was also useful in determining accurately the size of the aneurysm and extension of hematoma in its surroundings.

Aneurysm, Ruptured↗
PubMed1993

[A case of xanthofibroma of the skull].

The authors describe a case of xanthofibroma of the skull. A 53-year-old female was admitted to our hospital in September, 1991, with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. The roentgenogram of her skull incidentally revealed the presence of a radiolucent (a punched out) lesion of about 20 x 25 mm in the right occipital bone. On computed tomography (CT), the mass was seen to be mainly localized in the diploe, and the outer table of the skull was thinned. On both T1 and T2 weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI), the mass showed a high intensity signal equivalent to that found in adipose tissue. The bony tumor was totally removed. Histology revealed a collection of foamy cells, benign fibrous tissues and so on which led to a diagnosis of xanthofibroma of the skull without hyperlipidemia. Xanthofibroma of the skull is extremely rare. To our knowledge, including our case, only three cases have been reported.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1993

[Measurement of the radius of corneal curvature with the Maloney surgical keratometer and an on-line keratometer imagery processing system].

A system for measuring the radius of the corneal curvature using the Maloney surgical keratometer (Keratoring), designed for prescribing contact lenses in cases in which it is not possible to measure the radius of the corneal curvature by conventional methods, was tested, and its precision and practicality were evaluated. The subjects were 67 eyes in 34 healthy adults and steel globes for photokeratometer calibration with radii of curvature of 6.73 mm, 7.91 mm and 9.07 mm. The Placido ring projected by the Keratoring was first transmitted to video image processing board via a video unit, and the image was analyzed using a program developed by the authors. Measurements of the globes were possible within a range of error of +/- 0.05 mm, enabling extremely precise analysis. Furthermore, when the average radius of the corneal curvature of human corneas was measured, deviation from the ophthalmometer reading was within 0.2 mm in 87% of cases. When minor meridians were compared, it was found to be possible to measure to within 0.3 mm in 90% of cases. It therefore appears appropriate to apply this method as an index for prescribing contact lenses, especially in cases where conventional methods cannot be performed.

Adult↗