[Nursing research on infection: five year project].
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Clinical Nursing Research↗
Biomedical subjects
M Kojima
Publications and source records attributed to M Kojima.
Analysis of crystalline lens coloration using a black and white charge-coupled device camera.
To analyze lens coloration in vivo, we used a new type of Scheimpflug camera that is a black and white type of charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. A new methodology was proposed. Scheimpflug images of the lens were taken three times through red (R), green (G), and blue (B) filters, respectively. Three images corresponding with the R, G, and B channels were combined into one image on the cathode-ray tube (CRT) display. The spectral transmittance of the tricolor filters and the spectral sensitivity of the CCD camera were used to correct the scattering-light intensity of each image. Coloration of the lens was expressed on a CIE standard chromaticity diagram. The lens coloration of seven eyes analyzed by this method showed values almost the same as those obtained by the previous method using color film.
Cataract↗
[Physician's orders and nursing service. An analysis of doctor-nurse relationship according to the provisions of the law].
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Humans↗
Distribution of C-type natriuretic peptide and its messenger RNA in rat central nervous system and peripheral tissue.
In rat, the highest concentration of immunoreactive (ir-) C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) was found in the central nervous system, as is the case in pig and human. Although its concentration in peripheral tissue was much lower than that in brain, CNP was present mainly as CNP-53 in ileum-jejunum, colon-cecum, stomach, kidney, lung, testis and submaxillary gland, but not in heart. By Northern blot analysis, CNP mRNA was detected in ileum-jejunum, testis, thymus, adrenal gland and submaxillary gland as well as in brain and spinal cord. CNP mRNA was further verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to be present in most peripheral tissue, including aorta and bone marrow. These results indicate that CNP is synthesized in peripheral tissue and possibly functions as a local regulator in addition to acting as a neuropeptide in the central nervous system.
Animals↗
Clinicopathologic study of 212 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma among the Japanese.
BACKGROUND: Postthymic/peripheral T-cell malignancy shows significant histopathologic and clinical diversity, even in its prognosis, and the correlations remain to be debated. METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 212 Japanese patients with these neoplasms were investigated. RESULTS: There were 131 male and 81 female patients, whose ages ranged from 2 to 90 years (mean, 51.7 years). Lymphadenopathy was the most frequent clinical presentation, and the patients also had frequent skin lesions, hyperimmunoglobulinemia, hypercalcemia, and a rapid clinical course. Furthermore, the differences in the histologic features of each subcategory reflected the clinical pictures. The immunophenotypic analysis was indispensable in establishing a correct diagnosis, and the high-grade tumors often showed loss of pan-T antigens. CONCLUSIONS: The histopathologic classification proposed by Suchi et al., which has been incorporated into the updated Kiel classification, showed a good prognostic correlation.
Adolescent↗
A basic transthyretin variant (Glu61-->Lys) causes familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: protein and DNA sequencing and PCR-induced mutation restriction analysis.
A new mutation of transthyretin (TTR) has been identified in a patient with late-onset familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) of Japanese origin. Peptide mapping by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography to compare the patient's TTR with normal TTR showed the presence of an abnormal peptide. Amino acid sequence analysis of the peptide (residues 49-61) showed a lysine-for-glutamic acid substitution at position 61. This substitution, verified by direct DNA sequencing, was the result of a guanine to adenine change on exon 3 of the TTR gene. A polymerase chain reaction-induced mutation restriction analysis (PCR-IMRA) system was established to rapidly detect the missense mutation. TTR-Lys61 is the first variant TTR with a replacement of the acidic with basic amino acid to be found in the amyloid precursor proteins of FAP.
Aged↗
Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding a precursor for human adrenomedullin.
Adrenomedullin is a novel hypotensive peptide recently isolated from human pheochromocytoma. Since a high concentration of immunoreactive adrenomedullin was found in pheochromocytoma tissue, the cDNA library of pheochromocytoma was constructed, and the cDNA clone encoding an adrenomedullin precursor was isolated and sequenced. The precursor for human adrenomedullin (human preproadrenomedullin) is 185 amino acids in length, including an adrenomedullin sequence. Proadrenomedullin (proAM) contains a unique twenty amino acid sequence followed by Gly-Lys-Arg in the N-terminal region. It is possible that a novel 20 residues peptide, termed "proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide" (proAM-N20) whose carboxy terminus may be Arg-NH2, is processed from proadrenomedullin. By RNA blot analysis, human adrenomedullin mRNA was found to be highly expressed in several tissues including adrenal medulla, ventricle, lung and kidney as well as pheochromocytoma.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Acorn barnacle Megabalanus rosa lectin (BRA-3): cDNA cloning, gene structure and seasonal changes of mRNA and protein levels.
We have isolated cDNA clones coding for a lectin (BRA-3) from the acorn barnacle, Megabalanus rosa. Sequence comparison of the cDNA clones has revealed polymorphism in the BRA-3 mRNA, which results from single-nucleotide (nt) differences at three positions. All three differences are within the coding region and cause conservative amino acid (aa) changes. The BRA-3 gene is composed of four exons, and the three single-nt differences are located on different exons. In addition, the BRA-3 mRNA and BRA-3 protein levels increased during early summer in a similar fashion, indicating that BRA-3 production is regulated mainly at the level of transcription.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Evidence for C-type natriuretic peptide production in the rat kidney.
To elucidate the physiological role of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) as a local mediator, we examined the production of CNP in the rat kidney. The content of CNP in the kidney was 0.47 +/- 0.02 [SE] fmol/mg wet weight and the major molecular form of CNP was CNP-53. An established cell line from the rat kidney, NRK-52E cell, secreted CNP at a rate of 9.15 +/- 0.96 fmol/24 hr/mg protein. Furthermore, CNP mRNA was detected in the rat kidney and NRK-52E cell utilizing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). On the other hand, ANP in the rat kidney (2.56 +/- 0.19 fmol/mg wet weight) had the molecular form of alpha-ANP, but ANP mRNA was not detected by RT-PCR. No BNP immunoreactivity was found in the rat kidney, although BNP mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. These results indicate that only CNP among the natriuretic peptides is produced in significant amounts in the rat kidney under normal physiological conditions and that renal parenchymal cells may produce CNP.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[A case of adult rheumatic fever with acute progressive mitral valve diseases].
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Aortic Valve Insufficiency↗
Effect of LHRH analog on the seminal vesicles evaluated by transrectal sonography.
The maximum horizontal area (MHA) of the seminal vesicles was measured in 20 prostatic cancer patients by means of transrectal sonography (TRS) after LHRH analog treatment. MHA of the seminal vesicles changed in parallel to the serum testosterone (T) level and decreased by 11-62%, compared with the baseline after LHRH analog treatment for 4 months. Two different patterns were observed for the change of MHA. In 9 cases, MHA of the seminal vesicles increased transiently and then decreased gradually, while in the other 11 cases, MHA decreased continuously from the beginning with no significant increase. Thus, the direct and dynamic response of the seminal vesicles to the change of serum T level was clarified.
Aged↗
A structurally flexible and antigenically variable N-terminal domain of the hepatitis C virus E2/NS1 protein: implication for an escape from antibody.
Hepatitis C virus persists in most infected hosts, and causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. During the infection the RNA genome of hepatitis C virus undergoes frequent missense mutations at one or two "hypervariable" regions within a presumptive envelope gene (Okamoto et al., 1992, Virology 190, 894-899; Ogata et al., 1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3392-3396). In the present study, we analyzed three cases of hepatitis C virus infection, two in chimpanzees and one in humans, for the antigenicity of peptides predicted from the hypervariable region of viral RNA obtained during the follow-up. Our results showed a successive appearance of hepatitis C virus mutants with antigenically distinct amino acid sequence within the domain; and the amino acid replacement was associated with an alteration of predicted local secondary structure of the epitope region. Hence, the hypervariable domain of the hepatitis C virus envelope appeared to be structurally flexible and antigenically variable, providing the virus a way to escape from host immunity.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Emperipolesis of lymphoid cells by human follicular dendritic cells in vitro.
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Cell Differentiation↗
Inhibition of tumor metastasis by Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) peptide conjugated with sulfated chitin derivative, SCM-chitin-RGDS.
We have synthesized a new compound in which Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) was conjugated with 6-O-sulfated and 6-O-carboxymethyl-chitin (SCM-chitin), i.e. SCM-chitin-RGDS, and tested the inhibitory effect on lung and liver metastases of three different types of tumors in mice. SCM-chitin-RGDS was more effective for the inhibition of liver metastasis of L5178Y-ML25 lymphoma and lung metastases of colon 26 M3.1 cells than SCM-chitin, RGDS or their mixture. GRGDS peptide, however, required a higher dose (3000 micrograms) to obtain a sufficiently antimetastatic effect. Intermittent i.v. administration of SCM-chitin-RGDS before or after the i.v. inoculation of L5178Y-ML25 cells caused significant inhibition of liver metastasis as compared with the multiple administration of RGDS, SCM-chitin or untreated control. Co-injection of lymphoma cells with SCM-chitin-RGDS or multiple treatment of SCM-chitin-RGDS after tumor inoculation showed significantly enhanced survival rate. SCM-chitin-RGDS also showed the spontaneous lung metastasis produced by intrafootpad injection of B16-BL6 melanoma cells by the multiple i.v. administrations. These results demonstrate that the conjugation of RGDS peptide with SCM-chitin led to augmentation of therapeutic potential to cancer metastasis, thus implying an importance of the conjugation of cell-adhesive RGDS peptide with structurally heparin-like SCM-chitin, which possess binding ability to the heparin-binding domain of fibronectin or laminin and extremely low anticoagulant properties.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
HS-142-1, a novel antagonist for natriuretic peptides, has no effect on the third member of membrane bound guanylate cyclases (GC-C) in T84 cells.
HS-142-1, a novel non-peptide antagonist for natriuretic peptides, exerts antagonistic actions almost equally on two similar guanylate cyclase-linked natriuretic peptide receptors (GC-A and GC-B), but has little or no effect on the binding of natriuretic peptides to a membrane protein, the so-called "clearance receptor", which binds all natriuretic peptides. The third mammalian form of membrane bound guanylate cyclases (GC-C) was identified not as a natriuretic peptide receptor, but as a receptor for heat-stable enterotoxins (STa). In this study, we examined effects of HS-142-1 on GC-C (STaR) in T84 cells and showed that HS-142-1 exerts neither agonistic nor antagonistic activity for GC-C, indicating that HS-142-1 is not a common antagonist for a family of membrane bound guanylate cyclase receptors, but a specific antagonist for the guanylate cyclase-linked natriuretic peptide receptors.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
The action of 4-hydroxyaminobiphenyl in Escherichia coli: cytotoxic and mutagenic effects in DNA repair deficient strains.
The cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of 4-hydroxyaminobiphenyl (N-OH-ABP) were studied using Escherichia coli strains with different repair capacities. N-OH-ABP was equally cytotoxic for uvrA and recA mutants as well as in wild-type cells while polA mutant strains proved particularly sensitive to its toxicity. In contrast, the mutation frequency in the uvrA strains tested was elevated to 30-400-fold the wild-type values. We suggest that aminobiphenyl-DNA adducts responsible for mutation are repaired by UVR endonuclease but different pathways exist for removal of DNA lesions responsible for bacterial killing. From the 32P-postlabeling analysis, it was concluded that ABP-DNA adducts can be relatively rapidly repaired in wild-type strains, while persisting in the uvrA strains.
4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
Randomised study of immunotherapy with OK-432 in uterine cervical carcinoma.
OK-432, a streptococcal preparation, was administered to patients with stage Ib and II cervical carcinoma except for adeno- and adenosquamous carcinomas. To evaluate the efficacy of OK-432 precisely, 177 patients were stratified by clinical stage, radiotherapy, and lymph node metastasis after complete radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Within each stratum, patients were divided randomly into OK-432 and control groups. 85 patients received OK-432 and 92 patients did not. No significant difference was observed in overall 5-year disease free rates between the OK-432 and the control groups, although the mean diameter of erythema on SU-polysaccharide (SU-PS) skin test was larger in the OK-432 group than in the control group. In stage IIb, a significant difference was observed between the OK-432 and control groups. This difference, however, could be attributed in part to the different incidence of the lymph node metastasis. In stage II without lymph node metastasis, 5-year disease free rate was significantly higher in the OK-432 group.
Adult↗
Characterization of the genomic sequence of type V (or 3a) hepatitis C virus isolates and PCR primers for specific detection.
We have identified four new hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates whose genomic RNA could be amplified by PCR using primers from the 5' untranslated region (UTR), but the RNA could not be detected with genotype I to IV (or types 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b respectively)-specific core region-derived primers. We compared the nucleotide sequences of the new isolates from positions 65 to 1850 (3' end of 5' UTR, C, E1 and 5' end of E2/NS1) and 8276 to 9394 (3' end of NS5 and 3' UTR) with those for genotypes I to IV. The four isolates had the following characteristics: (i) the overall nucleotide sequence similarity between the four isolates was 95 to 96%, compared to 73 to 74%, 73%, 70% or 69 to 70% against genotypes I, II, III or IV, respectively; (ii) the sequence similarity to other reported 'type V (3a)' isolates was 88 to 100%; (iii) the hypervariable region 1 [(HVR)-1] was present but HVR-2 was absent within the E2/NS1 region; (iv) only one in-frame termination codon was present for the presumed polyprotein; (v) the 3'UTR preceding a terminal poly(U) stretch was significantly shorter than in genotype I to IV isolates. We classified the four isolates as genotype V (3a), and searched for uniquely conserved nucleotide sequences that could be used for type-specific PCR. A core region-derived primer pair (no. 104V: 5' CGTAAAACTTCT GAACGGTC, sense and no. 339: 5' GCTGAGCCCA GGACCGGTCT, antisense) was identified and successfully used to diagnose genotype V (3a) HCV infection.
Amino Acid Sequence↗