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Biomedical subjects

M Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to M Kodama.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

The application of radio-opaque markers prior to ileostomy in an infant with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: report of a case.

We report the case of a 6-month-old boy who developed chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction soon after birth. A rectal biopsy demonstrated immaturity of the neuronal cells in the enteral ganglion. His clinical course was stressful, with remission and exacerbation despite conservative treatment with daily bowel irrigation, prokinetic agents, and parenteral nutrition. Since the infant developed serious enterocolitis associated with the increased severity of his bowel obstruction, and no substantial gain in body weight was observed, a loop-ileostomy was performed based on X-ray findings with radio-opaque markers, which were employed to evaluate the whole gut transit time. The radio-opaque markers proved extremely useful for determining which loop of the ileum should be utilized for the ileostomy.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1998

Myocardial CD36 expression and fatty acid accumulation in patients with type I and II CD36 deficiency.

Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are one of the major cardiac energy substrates, so understanding LCFA metabolism may help in elucidating the mechanisms of various heart diseases. CD36 is a multifunctional membrane glycoprotein that acts not only as a receptor for thrombospondin, collagen and oxidized low density lipoprotein but also as a receptor for LCFA. We investigated the relationship between CD36 expression in myocardial capillary endothelial cells and myocardial LCFA uptake in patients with CD36 deficiency. We analyzed CD36 expression in blood cells from 250 patients with heart diseases by means of a flow cytometer. In 218 patients, myocardial LCFA scintigraphy was performed with 123I-beta-methyl-p-iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP). In 5 patients, myocardial capillary endothelial cells were examined immunohistochemically for CD36 expression. Eleven patients (4%) showed signs of type I CD36 deficiency (neither platelets nor monocytes expressed CD36). Twenty patients (8%) had type II CD36 deficiency (monocytes expressed CD36 but platelets did not). In all 11 patients with type I CD36 deficiency, no BMIPP accumulation was observed in the heart, but in 13 patients with type II CD36 deficiency, BMIPP accumulation in the heart was focally reduced, but there were no patients without BMIPP accumulation in the heart. Although the myocardial capillary endothelial cells from two CD36-positive patients expressed CD36, those from two patients with type I CD36 deficiency did not. In a patient with type II CD36 deficiency, some capillary endothelial cells displayed patchy CD36 expression. CD36 deficiency was documented in 31 (12%) patients with heart diseases. Because CD36 was not expressed in the myocardial capillary endothelial cells in patients with type I CD36 deficiency, type I CD36 deficiency is closely related to lack of myocardial LCFA accumulation and metabolism in the myocardium.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Manual reduction with the index finger for infantile intussusception. A modification of Hutchinson's maneuver.

Manual reduction with the index finger (modified Hutchinson's maneuver) enabling simple and safe manual reduction of infantile intussusception is described. The procedure was used in four patients, two boys and two girls, ranging in age from 2 to 15 months, as greater than normal compression was necessary and/or serosal splitting occurred during conventional reduction. The technique is as follows: in addition to the proximal bowel compression with Hutchinson's maneuver, the surgeon inserts his index finger into the intussusceptum via its neck. The finger enables the surgeon to sound a wider space between the intussusceptum and intussuscipiens, which is most likely to be responsive to bowel compression. Although the intussusceptions in the four patients were categorized as ileo-ileo-colic (three cases) and ileo-ileal (one case) types, this manual reduction technique was successful in all cases, no bowel rupture occurred, and hospitalization was no longer than with the conventional procedure. We conclude that this modified Hutchinson's maneuver may contribute to successful surgical reduction of infantile intussusception.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Vertical stab wound to the lumbo-sacral spinal canal: report of a case.

A 63-year-old man was stabbed by an iron bar in the perineum. On admission, the external aspect of this wound appeared to be only a tiny hole. However, the bar had penetrated the rectum, sacrum, and lumbar spinal canal up to the third lumbar vertebral body. This patient was eventually treated with sacral wound drainage, a closure of the rectal wound, and pelvic drainage. Lumbar surgery was not performed because computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not show a progression of inflammatory changes in either the lumbar canal or perispinal hollow caused by the iron bar during the hospital stay. The clinical, CT, and MRI findings thus provided important information in the diagnosis and treatment of stab wounds.

Drainage↗
PubMed1998

Lipomatosis of the ileum with volvulus: report of a case.

We herein present a patient with lipomatosis of the ileum including diverticulosis and volvulus. The patient presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. Preoperatively, we diagnosed lipomatosis with volvulus of the ileum based on the findings of abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT). During surgery, the dilated ileum had rotated 720 degrees counterclockwise, and was found to contain lipomatosis and multiple diverticula. Although lipomatosis of the small bowel is extremely rare, it does show characteristic US and CT findings, thus making a preoperative diagnosis possible if this disease is included in the differential diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effects of a urinary trypsin inhibitor on acute circulatory insufficiency after surgical operation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of an urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) on a surgical stress, particularly the influences on cytokines and diuretic hormones. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with carcinoma of the digestive system and predicted to suffer from circulatory insufficiency were enrolled. Selection of group was divided alternatively. UTI was administered for 5 consecutive days, at a dose of 300,000 units per day. Urine and blood specimens were collected before, immediately after, and 1, 3, and 5 days after surgery. Interleukin 8 (IL-8), polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMNE), vasopressin (ADH), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), angiotensin II (AT-II), and endothelin 1 (ET-1) in the blood, and N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in the urine, were determined. RESULTS: A UTI group was 9 patients, and a control group was 7 patients. The operation time was significantly longer in the UTI group than in the control group. In the UTI group, the elevation of IL-8, PMNE/WBC, ADH, urinary NAG, and BUN were significantly inhibited. AT-II and ET-1, in the UTI group, tended to be suppressed, and ANP showed the similar changes in the two groups. CONCLUSION: UTI is considered effective in the prevention of excessive reaction against major surgery.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1998

Occurrence of okadaic acid-producing Prorocentrum lima on the Sanriku coast, northern Japan.

Prorocentrum lima was found to be distributed on the surface of the algae, Sargassum confusum and Carpopeltis flabellata collected at the Sanriku coast, northern Japan. Chemical analysis of cultured cells revealed that Sanriku strains of P. lima produce okadaic acid, a toxin responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. The Sanriku strain grew well in T1 medium at 15 degrees C at which tropical strains do not grow, indicating that it is a local strain which adapts to cooler environments.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1998

Effect of 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline on methamphetamine- and cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization.

The present study investigated the effect of pretreatment with 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline (NBQX), an alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist, on behavioral sensitization induced by methamphetamine (METH) and cocaine at doses that are transitional relative to the induction of an acute response of locomotion and interrupting episodes of sniffing and head movement. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups that received daily either 20 mg/kg NBQX + 3 mg/kg METH, 40 mg/kg NBQX + 3 mg/kg METH, vehicle + 3 mg/kg METH, or vehicle + saline daily for 10 days. In another experiment, rats of four groups received daily either 20 mg/kg NBQX + 15 mg/kg cocaine, 40 mg/kg NBQX + 15 mg/kg cocaine, vehicle + 15 mg/kg cocaine, or vehicle + saline daily for 10 days. NBQX did not attenuate activity/stereotypy induced by acute administration of either psychostimulant. Pretreatment with NBQX did not affect augmentation of activity/stereotypy scores by repeated administration of METH or cocaine. There was no significant difference in the intensity of activity/stereotypy between the NBQX + METH and vehicle + METH groups and between the NBQX + cocaine and vehicle + cocaine groups following a challenge injection with 2 mg/kg METH alone or 15 mg/kg cocaine alone, respectively, given 7 days after the last dose of repeated treatment session. Pretreatment with NBQX alone for 10 days (20 mg/kg for 5 days and 40 mg/kg for subsequent 5 days) did not affect the intensity of activity/stereotypy induced by a challenge injection with 2 mg/kg METH given 7 days after the last dose of repeated injection session. NBQX at 40 mg/kg had no apparent effect on acute METH (3 mg/kg)-induced dopamine release in the striatum. These results suggest tht AMPA receptors are unlikely to be involved in induction of behavioral sensitization that is manifested as augmented activity/stereotypy following repeated administration of METH or cocaine.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effect of adrenomedullin on ion transport and muscle contraction in rat distal colon.

We have investigated the effects of adrenomedullin (AM) on mucosal ion transport using the Ussing method and smooth muscle contraction using the Magnus method in rat. Our results indicate that AM increases Isc (short-circuit current) for Cl- secretion (100 nM:170.0 +/- 41.2%, 1 microM:193.8 +/- 45.5%, 100% Isc:28.2 +/- 3.1 microA/cm2) with an initial small decrease of Isc, inhibiting Na+ absorption. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) inhibits the Isc response elicited by AM (86%). In addition, AM relaxes potassium-induced contraction (10 nM:11.1 +/- 8.51%, 100 nM:33.4 +/- 12.7%, 100% contraction: 1.8 +/- 0.22 g), and TTX inhibits the response elicited by AM (90%). We conclude that AM modulates water and ion transport as well as bowel movement, mainly through the colonic nervous system.

Adrenomedullin↗
PubMed1998

Antioxidative bromoindole derivatives from the mid-intestinal gland of the muricid gastropod Drupella fragum.

Three new bromoindoles, 6-bromo-5-hydroxyindole (1), 6-bromo-4, 5-dihydroxyindole (2), and 6-bromo-4,7-dihydroxyindole (3), were isolated from the midintestinal gland of the muricid gastropod Drupella fragum. The structures of 2 and 3 were elucidated mainly by NMR spectroscopic analyses of their acetyl derivatives, whereas the structure of 1 was established by spectroscopic methods and total synthesis. Antioxidative activity for compounds 1-3 was evaluated by the POV method, and compound 1 was found to have as strong an antioxidative potency as BHT.

Acetates↗
PubMed1998

Effects of okadaic acid on rat colon.

Effects of okadaic acid (OA) on mucosal damage were examined in rat colon. OA was sprinkled on rat colon mucosa under observation with an electronic-endoscopic system, and OA was also applied to the in vivo microscopic field. The OA-induced changes in transepithelial conductance (Gt) were measured by the Ussing voltage clamp technique. By endoscopic observation, the luminal sprinkling of OA (60 nmol/kg) evoked transient microthrombi in the submucosal venule, which was followed by mucosal edema. Histological study after endoscopic observation showed submucosal fluid retention, suggesting an increase of vascular permeability. The microthrombi were also detected by in vivo microscopy. By electrophysiological study after endoscopic observation with and without OA addition, the basal Gt values were 54+/-6.2 and 36.2+/-4.2 mS/cm2, respectively (P < 0.01). Furthermore in control rats, the serosal addition of OA evoked an increase in Gt in a concentration-dependent manner without increasing lactate dehydrogenase release. 2,4,6-Triaminopyrimidinium inhibited OA-induced Gt change by 60%. These results indicate that OA evokes an increase in paracellular permeability of epithelium. We conclude that the developed microthrombi are the first key event of OA-induced mucosal damage, followed by an increase in permeability in the submucosal venule and in the paracellular pathway of the epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Therapeutic apheresis for septic patients with organ dysfunction: hemoperfusion using a polymyxin B immobilized column.

A prospective clinical study was performed to evaluate a new method of treatment of endotoxin shock, a column containing polystyrene fibers with covalently bound immobile polymyxin B. Direct hemoperfusion using the column removes circulating endotoxin by adsorption. All of the patients studied, 37 in the treatment group and 33 in the control group, had endotoxemia and failure of 1 or more organs. The perfusion was performed 1-7 times per patient, 2 h/session. The survival rate was significantly higher in the treatment group (54%) than in the controls (36.4%). The mean plasma endotoxin concentration was significantly lowered by the treatment from 83.7 pg/ml before perfusion to 56.4 pg/ml immediately after and 28.5 pg/ml the day after the treatment, and the posttreatment level was much lower in those who survived (mean, 18.8 pg/ml) compared to those who died (mean, 88 pg/ml). Various parameters of cardiac function also improved after the treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Mechanisms underlying the neurogenic relaxation in dog isolated hepatic arteries.

In canine hepatic arterial strips responding to nicotine with contraction, prazosin abolished the response or reversed it to a relaxation. Mechanisms underlying the relaxation were analyzed in hepatic and coronary arterial strips denuded of the endothelium and treated with prazosin and indomethacin. In the hepatic arterial strips precontracted with prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha, nicotine-induced relaxations were not influenced by atropine but were inhibited by timolol and abolished by hexamethonium. Treatment with [8-37] calcitonin gene-related peptide ([8-37] CGRP), a selective CGRP1-receptor antagonist, also attenuated the nicotine-induced relaxation, but a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide antagonist was without effect. Combined treatment with timolol and [8-37] CGRP depressed the response to a greater extent than either antagonist alone. The slight relaxation remaining under the combined treatment was abolished by NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) and restored by L-arginine. In coronary arterial strips precontracted with PGF2alpha, nicotine produced a moderate relaxation, which was abolished or markedly inhibited by treatment with hexamethonium or timolol but was unaffected by L-NA. It is concluded that the nicotine-induced relaxation is mediated by norepinephrine, CGRP, and NO released from perivascular nerves in dog hepatic arterial strips; the responses associated with activations of beta-adrenoceptors and CGRP1 receptors are predominant over those to NO. The coronary arterial relaxation seems to be mediated by neurogenic norepinephrine but not by NO.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

p53 expression in gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Expression of p53 was examined immunohistochemically in the Japanese monkey model with Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric mucosa to investigate the association between H. pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis for a period of 4 years. In the course of these observations, from 3 years after H. pylori inoculation, nuclear staining for p53 was seen in the glandular cells of the mucosa infected with H. pylori, especially in the neck region of the glands. There was a gradual increase in the number of immunopositive cases among the infected animals. Three years after inoculation, three out of six cases, and 4 years after inoculation, four out of six cases exhibited positive staining for p53. Before inoculation, and up to 2 years after inoculation, the infected group showed no immunoreaction for p53. The non-infected group likewise displayed no immunostaining for p53 through 4 years of observation. These results suggest that p53 alterations occur in the H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa and that H. pylori infection may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effects of the anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody on dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis in rats.

Increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported. We evaluated the effects of monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1 on acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in rats. Colitis was induced by feeding rats 3% DSS for 7 days. Anti-ICAM-1 antibody or vehicle alone was injected intraperitoneally in rats daily from day 0 to day 6. On day 7 the rats were killed and colitis was evaluated histologically. Prophylactic treatment with anti-ICAM-1 significantly attenuated colonic damage, neutrophil infiltration and the shortening of the colon in DSS colitis. Our findings demonstrate that ICAM-1 plays an important role in this model of inflammatory bowel disease. Although this study does not directly address the effect of anti-ICAM-1 therapy in IBD, our findings encourage experiments using therapies that target ICAM-1 in rats with already developed disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of sleep using ambulatory skin potential recording: differences between morning and evening type.

In order to validate the evaluation of sleep using cassette type ambulatory skin potential measurement system (C-SPA), sleep duration variables extracted from 24 h recordings were compared between two groups (16 of the intermediate type and 16 of the evening type) with different sleep-wake habits rated by Morningness and Eveningness Questionnaires (MEQ). Compared with the intermediate type, the evening type subjects go to bed and get up later, have difficulty in falling asleep and more frequently awaken during sleep. Thus, the sleep variables by C-SPA provide valuable information about duration of sleep and differentiate the sleep-wake habits.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1998

Azathioprine-induced megaloblastic anemia with pancytopenia 22 years after living-related renal transplantation.

Macrocytosis and megaloblastic changes in the bone marrow are frequently seen in renal transplant recipients treated with azathioprine (Az). However, severe anemia is a rare side effect of Az. We recently observed a case of severe megaloblastic anemia with pancytopenia in a renal transplant recipient who had been receiving Az therapy for 22 years. The patient was a 46-year-old woman who had been administered Az and prednisolone at a dose of approximately 1.7 mg/kg and 0.17 mg/kg daily, respectively. A bone marrow aspiration revealed megaloblastic anemia with the depletion of myeloid cells and megakaryocytes. She did not have vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. Therefore, FK506 (tacrolimus), a macrolide produced by Streptomyces tsukubaensis, which acts directly on T cells and is known to have less myelosuppression than Az, was substituted for Az. Although the leukopenia improved, the anemia and thrombocytopenia did not improve in the short term. She developed dyspnea and severe subcutaneous bleeding of the right lower extremity due to knee contusions. Hemodialysis was started to treat her uremic state. Although it was impossible to evaluate the long-term effects of FK506 therapy for the pancytopenia in our case, the conversion from Az to a less myelosuppressive drug, such as FK506, should be considered in renal transplant recipients with severe myelosuppression caused by long-term Az treatment.

Anemia, Megaloblastic↗