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Biomedical subjects

M Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to M Kodama.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Experimental gastric ulcers in the fundic gland area following transplantation of the gastric-wall pedicles.

Using adult mongrel dogs, a portion of the anterior gastric wall of the pyloric gland area was transplanted into the fundic gland area using the Z-plastic procedure forming an islet. Three weeks postoperatively, 2 per cent histamine in sesame oil was injected intramuscularly in a daily dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. Ulcers developed in the graft in nine of 19 animals. The factors responsible to the development of the ulcers may well be circulatory disturbance and reduction of mucosal resistance following surgical insult, and continuous irritation caused by gastric juice. When a portion of the anterior gastric wall of the fundic gland area was transplanted into the fundic gland area followed by administration of histamine in sesame oil, ulcers developed in the graft only in four of 12 animals. Histological examination revealed the regenerated epithelium at the margin of the ulcers. Thus the ulcers presently induced may provide an useful experimental model for ulcers in the fundic gland area.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

A fluorometric study of DNA-bound benzo[a]pyrene.

Comparisons were made among the fluorescence spectra of DNA-bound benzo[a]pyrenes which were produced in vivo and in vitro. DNA from mouse skin treated with benzo[a]pyrene had a maximum emission beyond 400 nm, which was clearly distinguished from that of DNA-bound benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide. The emission spectra from mouse skin were classified into two groups, type I and type II. The former was similar to the spectrum of benzo[a]pyrene, although the two maxima were shifted to longer wavelengths (410 and 435 nm). Type II was characterized by a broad peak around 430 nm. Type I and type II were obtained from different fractions of hydroxylapatite chromatography, but type I was changed into type II during storage. This suggests that type II is a modified product of type I. The emission spectra of both groups also were detected in in vitro activating systems, including photoirradiation, iodine treatment, and hydrogen peroxide treatment. Treatment of Escherichia coli with benzo[a]pyrene during culture produced only fluorescence of type I. Although the relationship between types I and II remains to be established, both types of fluorescence evidently indicate that the conjugated ring structure of the parent compound, benzo[a]pyrene, is preserved intact in DNA-bound benzo[a]pyrene. Several lines of evidence suggest that the proximate (active) form is an unidentified hydroxylated product including an oxy radical, but a cation radical cannot be completely excluded.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Immune reaction in the gastric mucosa: passive mucosal anaphylaxis and experimental ulcer.

Immune reaction in the gastric mucosa using purified antigen-antibody system was investigated. Applying the technique of PCA on the gastric mucosa of dog, interesting phenomena named "Passive Mucosal Anaphylaxis (PMA) was obtained. The reaction could be produced even by the orally administered antigen. By the direct injection of soluble immune complex into the gastric mucosa, production of experimental ulcer was observed, in which parietal cells were relatively resistent to the immune tissue damage.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1975

Hormonal status of breast cancer. II. Abnormal urinary steroid excretion.

The urinary excretion of 14 neutral steroids was measured by gas-liquid chromatography in women with early and advanced breast cancer, in women with early uterine cancer, and in healthy women from urban and rural districts. The premenopausal patients with early breast cancer excreted subnormal amounts of five steroids (11-hydroxyandrosterone, 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone, pregnanediol, pregnanetriol, and tetrahydrocorticosterone) and increased amounts of tetrahydrocortisol as compared with the normal subjects of corresponding ages. From our findings, a new parameter was proposed by which a premenopausal breast-cancer patient was separated from the control. Postmenopausal breast-cancer patients excreted greater amounts of five steroids (one steroid from 17-ketosteroids and four from 17-hydroxycorticoids) than the corresponding controls. The discrepancy between premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer was tentatively related to ovarian-adrenal dysfunction in the course of aging. Oophorectomy induced a long-lasting tumor regression only in patients with a high value for the ratio of 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroid to 17-hydroxycorticosteroid in urine taken before surgery; the ratio in the responsive patients decreased remarkably after surgery. A constitutional change in 17-ketosteroids, as observed in a postmenopausal breast-cancer patient and a premenopausal healthy woman of urban origin, favored the geographic importance in the genesis of breast malignancy. The steroid abnormalities in uterine cancer were distinguishable from those of breast cancer in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1975

Enhancing effect of hydrocortisone on hematogenous metastasis of Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice.

The effect of hydrocortisone on blood-borne tumor metastasis was studied in an i.v. inoculation experiment with Ehrlich hypotetraploid clone 1, Ehrlich hypotetraploid stock, and Ehrlich hyperdiploid stock tumors. The administration of hydrocortisone before tumor inoculation resulted in increased tumor take, reduced mean survival time of mice, and concentration of tumor metastasis in a specific organ (i.e., lung metastasis for Ehrlich hypotetraploid clone 1 tumor, and liver metastasis for Ehrlich hypotetraploid stock and Ehrlich hyperdiploid stock tumors). Enhancement of tumor metastasis, as induced by hydrocortisone pretreatment, was not reproduced by the administration of 6-mercaptopurine, testosterone, or estradiol. The progress of tumor death in hydrocortisone-conditioned mice was not affected by either heparin or dextran sulfate. This indicated that the effect of hydrocortisone on tumor metastasis was independent of the effect of these agents on immune reaction or blood coagulation. In the tracer experiment with 125-I-labeled tumor cells, hydrocortisone pretreatment significantly increased over the control the intrapulmonary retention of Ehrlich hypotetraploid clone 1 tumor cells from 1 through 72 hr after tumor inoculation, the time lag required for the establishment of metastatic foci in the lung. The arrest of Ehrlich hypotetraploid stock and Ehrlich hyperdiploid stock tumors in the liver was also temporarily increased by hydrocortisone pretreatment. No correlation was found between tumor cell size and differential distribution of metastatic tumors with 3 Ehrlich tumors. An attempt was made to use this blood-borne metastasis system for chemotherapeutic study. Administration of cyclophosphamide gave rise to a significant prolongation of survival time and often to complete prevention of tumor metastasis in hydrocortisone-conditioned mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Hormonal status of breast cancer. I. Thoretical basis for the analysis of steroid profile.

Gas-liquid chromatography was applied to the analysis of urinary steroids of women. In the statistical analysis, quantitation of all steroid excretions and ratios among them were transformed to give a normal frequency distribution. The influence of the host's age and the menstrual cycle on 24 hours' excretion was investigated for each of 14 identified neutral steroids, of which four in our fraction 2 (11-hydroxyandrosterone, 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone, pregnanediol, and pregnanetriol) were menstruation dependent. The 14 neutral steroid excretions were generally correlated with one another within the host, and the use of a steroid ratio rather than quantitation of steroid excretion was often more sensitive in the characterization of the hormonal status.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗