[Tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate in the therapy of peptic ulcer: comparison with ranitidine in short-term treatment].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Koch
Publications and source records attributed to M Koch.
Satisfaction with student summer research programs.
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Humans↗
Cytometrically determined relative DNA content as an indicator of neoplasia in gastric lesions.
Cellular samples from human gastric endoscopic biopsies were analysed in order to detect possible DNA content alterations as markers of cancerous and precancerous lesions of the digestive tract. Samples were derived from the stomach of normal donors (17 cases), and from patients clinically classified as affected by stomach adenocarcinoma (18 cases), chronic atrophic gastritis (20 cases), or other nonneoplastic lesions (17 cases). Sample processing was performed by mechanical and enzymatic treatment to obtain monodispersed cells. Staining for flow cytometric analysis was achieved with ethidium bromide and mithramycin. Samples from normal donors constantly exhibited a single cell population with diploid DNA content. All but three neoplastic specimens exhibited both a diploid and an aneuploid cell subpopulation, with the DNA index of the aneuploid peak ranging from 1.10 to 1.85 (except a single instance with a value of 3.13). The presence of a recognizable aneuploid subpopulation was also observed in 9 out of 20 chronic atrophic gastritis specimens. Such aneuploidy is similar to that observed for the adenocarcinoma, even if the fraction of aneuploid cells appears to be generally higher in the tumor than in the gastritis cases. All other cases of gastritis and of nonneoplastic disease exhibited diploid cells only. The meaning of aneuploidy in some gastritis specimens is a phenomenon not yet fully explained. Still, aneuploidy appears to be a useful marker for recognizing the presence of suspect malignant cells in gastric lesions.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Epidemiology of neural tube defects in Germany.
A survey is made of the epidemiologic studies of neural tube defects (NTD) in Germany. A temporary increase is noted in the prevalence of NTD at birth for the time during and shortly after the Second World War, followed by a downward trend thereafter. Thus an earlier observation of Lenz (1965) could be confirmed. Falling rates of NTD were also reported from various other countries in recent years. No convincing etiological explanation is available so far. The current prevalence of NTD at birth can be estimated for Germany to be about 1.0-1.5 per thousand newborns with about an even distribution to anencephalus and spina bifida.
Anencephaly↗
Evidence for coupled transport of bicarbonate and sodium in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells.
Using intracellular microelectrode technique, the response of the voltage V across the plasma membrane of cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells to changes in sodium and bicarbonate concentrations was investigated. (1) The electrical response to changes in [HCO3-]o (depolarization upon lowering and hyperpolarization upon raising [HCO3-]o) was dependent on sodium. Lithium could fairly well be substituted for sodium, whereas potassium or choline were much less effective. (2) Removal of external sodium caused a depolarization, while a readdition led to a hyperpolarization, which increased with time of preincubation in the sodium-depleted medium. (3) The response to changes in [Na+]o was dependent on bicarbonate. In a nominally bicarbonate-free medium, its amplitude was decreased or even reversed in sign. (4) Application of SITS or DIDS (10(-3) M) had a similar effect on the response to sodium as bicarbonate-depleted medium. (5) At [Na+]o = 151 mM and [HCO3-]o = 46 mM, the transients of V depended, with 39.0 +/- 9.0 (SD) mV/decade, on bicarbonate and, with 15.3 +/- 5.8 (SD) mV/decade, on sodium. (6) After the preincubation of cells with lithium, replacement of Li by choline led to similar effects as the replacement of sodium by choline, though the response of V was smaller with Li. This response could be reduced or reversed by the removal of bicarbonate or by the application of SITS. (7) Amiloride (10(-3) M) caused a reversible hyperpolarization of the steady-state potential by 8.5 +/- 2.6 mV (SD). It did not affect the immediate response to changes in [Na+]o or [HCO3-]o, but reduced the speed of regaining the steady-state potential after a change in [HCO3-]o. (8) Ouabain (10(-4) M) caused a fast depolarization of -6.8 +/- 1.1 (SD) mV, which was followed by a continuing slower depolarization. The effect was almost identical at 10(-5) M. (9) It is suggested, that corneal endothelial cells possess a cotransport for sodium and bicarbonate, which transports net negative charge with these ions. It is inhibitable by stilbenes, but not directly affected by amiloride or ouabain. Lithium is a good substitute for sodium with respect to bicarbonate transport and is transported itself. In addition, the effect of amiloride provides indirect evidence for the existence of a Na+/H+-antiport. A model for the transepithelial transport of bicarbonate across the corneal endothelium is proposed.
4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
Effect of bicarbonate, pH, methazolamide and stilbenes on the intracellular potentials of cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells.
Micropuncture of cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells led to registrations stable for hours. Intracellular potentials were mainly in the range of -40 to -55 mV, average 46.3 +/- 0.6 mV (SEM). Changes of extracellular [HCO-3] led to voltage transients, their amplitude depending logarithmically on [HCO-3] with a mean slope of 37.3 +/- 8.8 (SD) mV. After removal of bicarbonate/CO2, a steady-state depolarization was seen. This steady-state depolarization, but not the voltage transients, could be reduced by 1 mM Ba++. After removal of bicarbonate, the voltage response to changes of extracellular potassium was reduced. Alteration of pHi induced by permeable buffers (butyrate, glycodiazine and ammonium) also resulted in voltage transients, internal acidification being correlated with a hyperpolarization, and internal alkalinization with a depolarization. Also changes of external pH caused voltage responses, alkalinization causing a hyperpolarization, acidification a depolarization. Methazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, as well as stilbenes (SITS or DIDS) caused a reduction of the voltage response to HCO-3 and pH. Their effects were additive. It is suggested that corneal endothelial cells possess one or two electrogenic transporters for HCO-3 or related species, one of which is inhibitable by stilbenes.
Animals↗
Clinical relevance of regulatory gastrointestinal peptides.
The application of radioimmunoassay of insulin, C-peptide, gastrin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptides (VIP), somatostatin, human pancreatic polypeptides (hPP), substance P and neurotensin to detect endocrine tumors of the pancreas and other organ systems is undoubtedly important in the clinical management of patients suspected of having tumors that secrete these hormones. Radioimmunoassays of the above gut peptides have certain degrees of specificity and sensitivity; however, there are several factors that need to be considered in the interpretation of results since heterogeneity of molecular forms does occur and the varied radioimmunoassay techniques use different antibodies that may yield different results. It is, therefore, important that each laboratory establish its own normal values, determine the molecular species that each assay is detecting, and also determine the false positivity of the methodology. The same endocrine tumor may contain and secrete several detectable peptides, but the syndrome may relate to only one peptide. Although the simultaneous measurement of multiple peptides in patients with benign gastrointestinal disease has yielded information that contributes to our understanding of the complexities of gut neuroendocrine interaction, the pathophysiological role of gut peptides and their clinical relevance need further evaluation.
Animals↗
Influence of STS 557 on the mitotic activity in the endometrium of ovariectomized mice and comparison with the effects of progesterone and levonorgestrel.
The numbers of mitoses in the epithelial and stromal tissues of mouse uteri were recorded after treatment with various doses of progesterone (P), levonorgestrel (LN), and STS 557 (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4,9(10)-diene-3-one). All three progestins induced mitotic activity in the stromal tissue of the endometrium in which P and LN were much more active than STS 557. While the cell divisions in the luminal and glandular epithelium induced by P were only rare, LN and STS 557 enhanced the mitosis rates in these tissues significantly at a daily dose of 1.0 mg/animal on 5 consecutive days. The results are discussed with special regard to the post-coital antifertility effect of STS 557.
Animals↗
Methanogenesis in a Thermophilic (58 degrees C) Anaerobic Digestor: Methanothrix sp. as an Important Aceticlastic Methanogen.
Aceticlastic methanogens and other microbial groups were enumerated in a 58 degrees C laboratory-scale (3 liter) anaerobic digestor which was fed air-classified municipal refuse, a lignocellulosic waste (loading rate = 1.8 to 2.7 g of volatile solids per liter per day; retention time = 10 days). Two weeks after start-up, Methanosarcina sp. was present in high numbers (10 to 10 CFU/ml) and autofluorescent Methanosarcina-like clumps were abundant in sludge examined by using epifluorescence microscopy. After about 4 months of digestor operation, numbers of Methanosarcina sp. dropped 2 to 3 orders of magnitude and large numbers (most probable number = 10 to 10/ml) of a thermophilic aceticlastic methanogen morphologically resembing Methanothrix sp. were found. Methanothrix sp. had apparently displaced Methanosarcina sp. as the dominant aceticlastic methanogen in the digestor. During the period when Methanothrix sp. was apparently dominant, acetate concentrations varied between 0.3 and 1.5 mumol/ml during the daily feeding cycle, and acetate was the precursor of 63 to 66% of the methane produced during peak digestor methanogenesis. The apparent K(m) value obtained for methanogenesis from acetate, 0.3 mumol/ml, indicated that the aceticlastic methanogens were nearly saturated for substrate during most of the digestor cycle. CO(2)-reducing methanogens were capable of methanogenesis at rates more than 12 times greater than those usually found in the digestor. Added propionate (4.5 mumol/ml) was metabolized slowly by the digestor populations and slightly inhibited methanogenesis. Added n-butyrate, isobutyrate, or n-valerate (4.5 mumol/ml each) were broken down within 24 h. Isobutyrate was oxidized to acetate, a novel reaction possibly involving isomerization to n-butyrate. The rapid growth rate and versatile metabolism of Methanosarcina sp. make it a likely organism to be involved in start-up, whereas the low K(m) value of Methanothrix sp. for acetate may cause it to be favored in stable digestors operated with long retention times.
Journal Article↗
The effect of tubal ligation on the incidence of epithelial cancer of the ovary.
A retrospective review of 666 women who underwent tubal ligation between 1930 and 1969 in Alberta, Canada, was undertaken to assess the effect of tubal ligation on the incidence of ovarian cancer. Tubal ligation did not affect the risk of ulterior ovarian cancer except in women who underwent tubal ligation between the ages of 20 and 29. These women showed a slight but statistically significant (p = 0.03) increase in observed versus expected cases of ovarian cancer.
Adolescent↗
Research and development of additional aids for dermatologic and plastic surgery.
Increasing numbers of accessories continue to be found to make laser surgery more effective for dermatologic and plastic surgery. Argon laser surgery aids are available to increase the dilatation of the superficial vessels and to localize increasing numbers of red cell masses. Laser probes for intravascular thrombogenesis and thrombolysis have now been adapted for intradermal and deep dermal tissues and for cardiology. Studies on laser effects on platelets and heat transmission and thromboembolic phenomena are lacking. Investigative studies are developing for laser fiber optic probes for laser-induced fluorescence, not only for oncology, but also for studies of metabolism of tissues and also for spectroscopy. The use of different wavelengths and shorter pulses, more flexible fiber-optics transmission for all laser systems, combinations of laser systems into a single operating probe, as well as the increased use of lasers for diagnosis and treatment will all stimulate the development of new aids for laser surgery. Cooperative programs developed jointly by dermatologic and plastic surgeons will make for great progress in skin and soft-tissue laser surgery.
Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
Complementation studies between Fanconi's anemia cells with different DNA repair characteristics.
Hybrids were performed between cell lines derived from four patients with Fanconi's anemia in which different biochemical lesions have been postulated. Complementation studies in these hybrids based on the rate of mitomycin C-induced chromosomal damage supported the concept of allelic mutations. It was therefore concluded that intergenic heterogeneity plays a much lower role in Fanconi's anemia than in Xeroderma pigmentosum or Ataxia teleangiectasia, two other disorders with defective DNA repair.
Anemia, Aplastic↗
Trends in the incidence of cancer of the female breast and reproductive tract in Alberta, 1953 to 1977.
A log-linear model was used to separate age, secular, and cohort trends in the incidence of cancer of the breast, ovary, corpus uteri, cervix uteri, vagina, and vulva in female residents in Alberta over the period 1953 to 1977. The age trends are similar for each cancer site increasing sharply in the premenopausal period and then leveling off. In the case of breast cancer, a point of inflection at the menopause (Clemmesen's hook) persists. A gradually increasing secular trend in incidence was evident for all sites except cervix uteri, the incidence of which declined after 1960. Cyclical cohort trends were found for cancers of the breast, ovary, and corpus uteri, inversely correlated with early fertility. The cohort trends for cervix uteri, vagina, and vulva increased sharply for cohorts born after 1940.
Adult↗
Interceptive activities of STS 557 in rabbits, mice and rats.
STS 557 (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4, 9-dien-3-one) is a interceptive agent in rabbits, mice and rats. In rats, it also shows post-implantational pregnancyterminating activity. In rabbits treated orally before mating or after ovulation for three consecutive days, it inhibited pregnancy largely at total doses of 0.08 mg/kg in the former and completely with 8.0 mg/kg in the latter case. A single subcutaneous dose of 40 mg/kg given on day 1 of pregnancy inhibited completely nidation in rats. In inhibition of pregnancy in rats could also be realized when the dose of 40 mg/kg was distributed on several days and given subcutaneously at daily doses of 5.0 mg/kg on days 1--8 of pregnancy, and even only daily doses of 2 mg STS 557/kg were needed in this respect, if animals which showed no living conceptuses were scored as "non-pregnant". STS 557 was effective in terminating pregnancy in rats, too, when given subcutaneously after implantation for 4 days at daily doses of 50 mg/kg, beginning on day 5 or on day 8 of pregnancy. The nidation inhibiting effects of STS 557 in rabbits treated pre-coitally, and in mice as well as in rats treated post-coitally were more marked than those of levonorgestrel. The interceptive and post-implantational inhibiting activity of STS 557 may be based on its antiprogestagenic properties. Luteolysis in the nidation phase can be excluded as shown by radioimmunoassay of progesterone in rats. The antigestagenic effects on the endometrium in rats were evident in the diamine oxidase assay. The acceleration of tubal egg transport, the morphological changes of the endometrium shown by scanning electron microscopy, and the effects on blastocyst transfer, all investigated in rats, suggest peripheral mechanisms of action.
Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
The latency period of carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix.
The age-specific incidence figures for gonorrhea and cervical carcinoma-in-situ in Alberta, Canada, have been correlated. The findings suggest that when reliable population-based data are available, changes in incidence and age distribution for gonorrhea can be regarded as predictive for comparable changes in incidence and age distribution for carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix with a delay in presentation of approximately five years. The latency period of carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix does not seem to vary considerably among different age groups. The results of the present study support the theory that a sexually transmitted infectious agent could be an etiologic factor in cervical cancer. Because gonorrhea rates in younger women indicate that they are engaging in earlier sexual activity with more partners, regular cervical screening should be encouraged to prevent a potential major increase of invasive cervical cancer.
Adolescent↗
Pathways of propionate degradation by enriched methanogenic cultures.
A mixed methanogenic culture was highly enriched in a growth medium containing propionate as the sole organic carbon and energy source. With this culture, the pathways of propionate degradation were studied by use of C-radiotracers. Propionate was first metabolized to acetate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen by nonmethanogenic organisms. Formate was not excreted. The carbon dioxide originated exclusively from the carboxyl group of propionate, whereas both [2-C]- and [3-C]propionate lead to the production of radioactive acetate. The methyl and carboxyl groups of the acetate produced were equally labeled, regardless of whether [2-C]- or [3-C]propionate was used. These observations suggest that in the culture, propionate was degraded through a randomizing pathway.
Journal Article↗
Human warts permanently removed by static electricity.
The CED was found to be a highly effective, safe, inexpensive, and simple device to use for complete wart removal with no regrowth or scarring. The warts are shed in the same manner as the surface epithelium exfoliates or sloughs off. Plantar warts cause a great deal of pain in walking and surgical procedures are warranted in some cases. Since these warts tend to become very large and to extend deeply into the dermis, when they are removed surgically the patient is incapacitated for a period of time. Opening the area to bacteria may cause additional infection, and the surgery may result in tender scar formation. According to our study group, the CED offers an effective alternate means of therapy for removing warts and alleviating the pain associated with them.
Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
How complete is cancer registration in Alberta?
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Adolescent↗