Dysbiosis does not necessarily mean disease. Typical clinical picture of disease caused by metabolic activity of dysbiotic microflora is the microbial over-growth syndrome. We studied case histories of 434 patients without consideration of their basic illnesses and correlated them with types of dysbioses of duodenal juice. 55% of 314 patients with gastrointestinal disorders revealed a dysbiosis. A dysbiosis could also be found in up to 64% of pancreatic diseases, whereas intestinal dysfunctions and chronic inflammatory diseases usually show normal colonization. These cases express alteration of milieu conditions and disturbed interorganic connections. We only treated cases with objective pathological findings, obtaining best results with chemotherapeutic treatment of dysbioses with only one species.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Recent studies on the microbial ecology of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Microecological problems have escalated recently in clinical medicine. We studied the microecology of the upper small bowel. Duodenal flora was examined, displaying microbial growth in 90.8% of the 400 patients examined. The microflora was classified according to germ quality into definite types of colonization. Frequency of microbial colonization is normally 36.7% and 63.3% by overgrowth, indicating differing dysbioses. Simulation of microbial overgrowth in the duodenum is possible with a continuous-flow culture, demonstrating a biocenosis of several groups of micro-organisms with great metabolic activity. Continuous culture technique suggests possibilities for future studies of human gastrointestinal microecology.

Bacteria↗

PubMedDate not supplied

One hundred years ago: the history of cryptococcosis in Greifswald. Medical mycology in the nineteenth century.

Medico-mycological investigations began at Greifswald in Germany as early as 1842 when Wilhelm Baum (1799-1883) was appointed to the chair of surgery of the university. This is shown by some theses of the time, as well as by the discovery of the contagious nature of pityriasis versicolor by Carl Ferdinand Eichstedt (1816-92), who identified a fungus as the cause (1846), later named Microsporon furfur (C. Robin 1853). In 1868 the physician Karl Friedrich Mosler (1831-1911) published clinical-mycological studies and investigations about animal feeding with yeasts. Some time later (1870) Friedrich Grohé (1830-86) and his assistants, Alwin R.A. Block (1843-?) and M.R. Roth of the Pathological Institute, described the results of transmission studies with 'Aspergillus glaucus, Penicillium glaucum and yeast'. His successor in the chair, Paul Grawitz (1850-1932), also published the results of his own mycological investigations. Finally, on 7 July 1894, at an evening lecture of the Greifswald Medical Society, Abraham Buschke (1868-1943) from the Hospital of Surgery gave a talk 'on a peculiar disease caused by coccidia', which was followed by a talk by the pathologist Otto Busse (1867-1922) on a 'demonstration of a pathogenic coccidia species'. Busse's subsequent publications are the first proper descriptions of cryptococcosis (1894 ff.). However, Cryptococcus neoformans was named after F. Sanfelice, whose results were published later (1895).

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Growth of Candida albicans in normal and altered faecal flora in the model of continuous flow culture.

We used the model of faecal microflora under continuous flow culture (CFC) conditions to study the growth of Candida albicans in mixed cultures. The development of Candida is usually limited by the high germ counts of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Candida growth in faecal flora could be obtained neither by the continuous inflow of C. albicans CFC monocultures nor by intermittent input of highly concentrated suspensions of C. albicans into the system. If the system was run under aerobic conditions development of C. albicans could be observed. After some days, however, the faecal flora again suppressed further development of the yeasts. Only marked destruction of the aerobic and anaerobic microflora by antibiotics resulted in growth or overgrowth of Candida albicans.

Aerobiosis↗