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M Knoke

Publications and source records attributed to M Knoke.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Victor van der Reis--a pioneer in the gastrointestinal microbiology of man].

From 1919 up to 1928 Viktor van der Reis (1889-1058) elaborated the fundamental knowledge in the field of gastrointestinal microecology of man. During this time he worked at the Medical Clinic of the University of Greifswald. His curriculum and his role in the fields of the pathophysiology of the small intestine and of microbiology are presented from the aspect of recent medical-historical and bibliographical researches.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1984

[Intestinal flora under conditions of stress].

In healthy probands influenced by endocrinic stress (application of ACTH, growth hormone, and triiodothyronine) the microflora of the content of the duodenum and of the feces is examined. After three weeks, only, rising numbers of bacteria could be detected in the duodenal content. The number of the aerobic bacteria, mainly of the coliforms in the feces, decreased whereas the number of the anaerobic germs increased. This stress model seems to be suitable for such researches.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1984

[Growth of anaerobes of the upper small intestine using the glovebox technic].

With 80 patients a microecologic analysis of the duodenal flora has been performed. Due to the optimal cultivation technique with the glove-box more frequently as supposed till now, anaerobes with partial high numbers could be detected, and classified to different types of dysbiosis. A striking role among the isolated and classified gram-positive roots play the genera Eubacterium, Propionibacterium, Actinomyces, and Bifidobacterium. Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus are to be found frequently, too. Furthermore the numbers of gram-negative anaerobes are high.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1984

[Chemotherapeutic mixtures for the selective growth of anaerobes].

In order to find a selective medium for the cultivation of Gram-positive spore-less rods several chemotherapeutics have been tested. By adding of 5 micrograms metronidazol/ml to brain-heart-infusion-supplemented agar as well as by putting metronidazol discs on the agar it became possible to cultivate selective test tribes. Lincomycin (5 micrograms/ml), clindamycin (5 micrograms/ml) and novobiocin (5 micrograms/ml) inhibited almost all the test tribes. Spectinomycin (5 micrograms/ml) and neomycin (5 and 10 micrograms/ml) failed to inhibit. With 100 micrograms neomycin/ml Gram-positive anaerobes were clearly inhibited.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

[Endotoxins in gastroenterology--a medico-historical sketch].

First descriptions of effects of intestinal bacterial endotoxins date from the middle of the 19th century (P. L. Panum et al.). The antitoxic function of the liver has been investigated by I. P. Pawlow in 1893. At the turn of the last century the theory of "auto-intoxication" (C. Bouchard, I. I. Metschnikoff et al.) was well known, but there were also first systematic studies of the facultatively pathogenic intestinal bacteria (T. Escherich, H. Tissier, J. Strasburger). In the twenties of our century V. van der Reis and L. Bogendoerfer worked out important fundamentals of human gastrointestinal microecology. Endotoxins as component of cellular wall of gram-negative bacteria are found by A. Boivin et al., J. W. Walker et al. First applicable proof for the detection of endotoxins was the pyrogen test with rabbits. The Limulus amoebocyte lysate test (J. Levin and F. B. Bang) has been employed as a more simple, rapid and sensitive method and was introduced in gastroenterology in a larger extent. Connections between endotoxinaemia and liver diseases, effects of endotoxins on gastrointestinal mucosa and on the course of shock are subjects of actual investigations.

Endotoxins↗
PubMed1980

[Diagnosis and therapy of endomycoses].

According to the increase of mycoses of mucous membranes and organs which are to be observed all over the world their pathogenic agents are described in a survey. In pathogenesis the above all endogenic infections are the dominant factor. A series of laboratory-diagnostic methods, particularly quantitative cultural and serological methods, are valuated in their evidence. In the clinical diagnostics the symptomatology of the individual organ manifestations and the endoscopic bioptical methods are particularly emphasized. The dominant factor in the features of the antimycotic therapy lies in the newer antimycotics, including the necessity of a permanent control of the position of pathogenic agents and resistance.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1980

Endoscopic aspects of mycosis in the upper digestive tract.

In an evaluation of 2537 endoscopic investigations of the upper digestive tract, yeast-like fungi were found in cultures from 53 purposive brushings (2.1%) obtained from visible mycotic areas. In 46 cases the esophagus only was affected. In the stomach and surrounding the anastomosis after resection, we found 6 positive results. Once, findings were seen in the esophagus as well as in the stomach. Determination of the yeast-like fungi revealed Candida albicans in 43 cases. Other fungi were cultured 18 times, among them Torulopsis glabrata 3 times. In every mycosis culture it is useful to determine the species of yeast-like fungi and the drug sensitivity. Every mycosis should be assessed endoscopically with regard to its degree of severity. Endoscopy is a very important method for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal mycosis. The investigation of more easily obtainable specimens such as throat swabs or feces, may often be of no use.

Candida↗
PubMed1980

[Endotoxinaemia in liver cirrhosis (author's transl)].

23 patients with liver cirrhosis of diverse etiology and of different activity levels and grades of compensation of the portal circulation were examined with regard to the systemic endotoxinaemia. The endotoxin was determined using the Limulus-Amoebocyte-Lysat-test. Endotoxin was traceable in the venous blood of 7 out of 23 patients (= 30,4%). No relation was found between endotoxaemia and the activity or grade of severity of liver cirrhosis; nor were there any accumulation of endotoxinaemia in patients with collateral circulation or portal decompensation. Consequently, as a result of our findings, the prognostic value of the symptom endotoxinaemia remains debatable, then endotoxinaemia does not always mean endotoxicosis. Particularly high immunoglobulin concentration and low albumin values in serum of endotoxin-positive cirrhotics indicate a "spillovet" of antigen substances and also of endotoxines in the body circulation resulting from insufficiency of the liver-RHS. Parallel analysis of microbian small bowel flora in 10 patients indicate that coli-dysbiosis appears to play a role in the development of systemic endoxinaemia, although the latter was also traceable in borderline cases of eubiosis/dysbiosis. Our findings strengthen the view that it is not possible to simply translate the findings in animals on to human liver diseases. Quite a number of the mechanisms being discussed are still with uncleared details and they give only a blurred picture of the pathophysiology of endotoxinaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Characterization of the microflora of the small intestine (author's transl)].

Normal and abnormal microflora of the upper small intestine was studied in 356 patients. Low counts are characteristic of normal microbial colonization (eubiosis), changes in quality and/or quantity are pathological (dysbiosis). The latter status is described as overgrowth syndrome. We found some types of dysbiosis. Prevalent was type Dys1 with the highest counts and the greatest variety of bacteria and yeasts. In contrast to this, type Dys2 showed higher germ counts of only one genus like coliforms (Dys2 Coli), streptococci (Dys2 Str.), lactobacilli (Dys2 L.) or yeasts (Dys2 Y.). In dysbiosis, we frequently saw bifidobacterium and bacteroides. Simultaneous sampling from stomach, duodenum, and jejunum indicated different modes of colonization of these parts (oral or fecal type).

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Possibilities of ultrasonic diagnosis of thyroid and gastrointestinal diseases].

Issuing from the physical principles of the ultrasound technique and the explanation of the different investigation methods, the possibilities of the ultrasonic diagnosis are demonstrated on own results in 1,166 cases of struma nodosa and 154 palpatorically and radiologically, respectively, localised enlargements of the organs or demands of space in the abdominal region. The establishment of 46 cysts in 357 scintigraphically warm nodes of the thyroid gland allows the conclusion that a relatively high percentage of the warm nodes contains solid cold regions. In several cases the ultrasonic diagnosis makes a clear diagnosis, in other cases it is an important supplementation to the other diagnostic possibilities. The A-picture-apparatuses produced in the GDR are suitable for the differential diagnosis of palpatorically or radiologically localised enlargements of the organs or space demands. In diffuse diseases of the organs and for the search of disturbances in extended regions B-picture-apparatuses with improved resolving power are necessary.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1977

Therapeutic possibilities in mucosal and organ mycoses.

From the practical experience and from own results of examinations in the therapy of mycoses of mucous membrane and organ resulted the following problems: It is necessary a sufficient concentration of the antimycotic remedy in the place of the growth of the fungus on and in the tissues. It depends on the kind of application, absorptive capacity and compatibility. When pre-disposing factors are present the gastrointestinal tract should be cleaned up as the most important reservoir. Repeated determinations of the causative organisms and tests of the resistance are necessary for therapy.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Resistance problems in mucosal and organ mycoses].

When there is a suspicion of the presence of a mycosis an exact diagnosis is necessary. Apart from the qualitative and quantitative culture to this also belongs an analysis of mycological kinds and a testing of the resistance against antimycotic drugs. The culture of primarily resistant yeast strains and the observation of a change of the mycological causative organisms render this demand urgent.

Antifungal Agents↗