Jam phases in a two-dimensional cellular-automaton model of traffic flow.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
M Kikuchi
Publications and source records attributed to M Kikuchi.
Heterogeneity of Epstein-Barr virus infection in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy type T-cell lymphoma.
To investigate the relationship of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia, we performed DNA analysis using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blot, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical analysis of lymph nodes in five patients who were followed up and biopsied more than once. In the course of the disease, nodal architecture diminished, cellular atypia worsened, and clear cells increased in number. In the DNA analysis of the receptor genes, the clonal population increased in number. EBV nucleic acid sequences were found by either PCR or in situ hybridization in all examined nodes. The number of EBV-positive cells varied widely among the cases and throughout the course of the disease in the same patients. The analysis of EBV terminal repeats or lymphocyte-determined membrane antigen genes showed polyclonal populations of EB-infected cells. EBV-positive cells possessed intermediate- to large-sized nuclei, and the cells with large nuclei, especially, expressed latent membrane protein of EBV. These large cells varied among the cases. Double-labelling immunohistochemistry/in situ hybridization studies demonstrated that most of the EBV-positive cells expressed B-cell antigen (CD20). The presence of EBV seems to be associated with the selective defects of the immune system, rather than with the direct pathogenesis of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.
Base Sequence↗
Primary gastric Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a report of two cases.
Two cases with primary gastric Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma are presented. Morphologic features of both cases involved pleomorphism of the neoplastic cells, fibrosis and lymphatic infiltration. The neoplastic cells in both cases were positive for BerH2 (CD30), LCA(CD45), lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT). In additional case, the neoplastic cells were additionally positive for MAC387 and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT). The neoplastic cells in these cases were negative for L26(CD20), UCHL-1(CD45RO), DAKO CD3 and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). According to the results of the phenotypic studies, the authors consider that the neoplastic cells have some of the features of histiocytes. Both patients at 2 and 8 years after surgery without chemotherapy are disease free. This lymphoma is well known to be frequently misdiagnosed as undifferentiated carcinoma. Although rare in occurrence, recognition of this primary lymphoma in the stomach has a significant clinical implication, as the authors consider that its prognosis might be better than undifferentiated carcinoma of the stomach.
Adult↗
Two cases of acute lymphocytic leukaemia associated with bone marrow necrosis--a brief review of recent literature.
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Adult↗
Contact hemolysin production by strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolated from children with diarrhea.
Forty-five strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli were tested for hemolytic activity with different culture media and erythrocytes from different species. Thirty-seven strains showed proteinase K-sensitive contact hemolysin activity with sheep erythrocytes when cultured in Casamino Acids-yeast extract broth supplemented with 1 mM calcium chloride and when cultured in nutrient broth media. The production of contact hemolysin was dependent on temperature, pH, and culture conditions.
Animals↗
Detection of human herpes virus 6 (HHV 6) in the skin of a patient with primary HHV 6 infection and erythroderma.
Human herpes virus 6 (HHV 6) has been implicated as the causative agent of exanthema subitum in young children. Recently, we reported two cases of a severe, infectious, mononucleosis-like syndrome resulting from a primary HHV 6 infection in immunocompetent adults. Both of these patients had the skin condition generally referred to as "erythroderma". A skin-biopsy specimen from one of them, a 43 year old man, was examined. Using immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridisation, lymphocytes infected with HHV 6 were found in the skin. It is proposed that the erythroderma in immunocompetent adults infected with primary HHV 6 is provoked by infiltration of infected inflammatory cells or infected neoplastic lymphocytes into the dermis.
Adult↗
In situ demonstration of the HTLV-I genome in the spinal cord of a patient with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy.
Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization, we investigated the HTLV-I genome in the CNS of an HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patient with a 20-year disease duration. Neuropathologically, there was severe white matter degeneration throughout the spinal cord, but lymphocytic infiltrates were not evident in any lesion. PCR amplification of the pX region of HTLV-I DNA detected its sequence in the spinal cord and all extra-CNS tissue samples. In situ hybridization using probes complementary to the pX and gag regions detected the HTLV-I genome in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells in the thoracic cord. The findings indicate a direct involvement of HTLV-I in the neurodegeneration of HAM/TSP.
Aged↗
4-acylaminophenol derivatives as novel lipoxygenase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibitory effect on 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene B4 production.
Structure-activity relationships in the inhibitory effects of 4-acylaminophenol derivatives on the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from RBL-1 cells and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production by guinea pig neutrophils were studied. When the N-acyl group was n-octanoyl or 2-thiophenecarbonyl and the size of the two ortho substituents of phenol was varied, the substituents bulkier than isopropyl, i.e., 2,6-di-tert-butyl and 2,6-dicyclohexyl, substantially weakened the inhibitory activity in both enzymatic and cellular systems. Among the 2,6-dimethyl derivatives with an acyl group of various carbon-chain lengths (C1-13), those with a n-alkyl chain of C5 to C12 showed similarly potent inhibitory activities toward 5-LOX with an IC50 ranging from 0.27 to 0.66 microM; in contrast, maximal inhibitory activities toward LTB4 production were observed in a narrower range of the serial compounds: i.e., those with a n-hexyl, n-heptyl, or n-octyl chain on the carbonyl carbon formed by far the most inhibitory group of the series and the inhibitory activity sharply decreased on either side of the chain length. Nearly all the active compounds also inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX), but the IC50 values for COX inhibition were more than ten times higher than the corresponding IC50 values for 5-LOX inhibition in most cases, indicating that the acylaminophenols are relatively selective 5-LOX inhibitors.
Aminophenols↗
Stabilization and enhanced enzymatic activities of a mutant human lysozyme C77/95A with a cavity space by amino acid substitution.
Amino acid substitutions were examined to increase the stability of the mutant human lysozyme C77/95A by filling the cavity created by this mutation. To modulate the cavity with hydrophobic amino acids or by the formation of a hydrogen bond, five amino acid-substituted mutants, C77AC95L, C77AC95I, C77LC95A, C77IC95A and C77/95S, were designed and constructed based on computer graphics investigations for stabilizing the mutant protein. The values of the melting temperatures, Tm, at pH 3.0 of the two mutant proteins C77LC95A and C77/95S were increased by 2.9 degrees C and 2.3 degrees C, respectively, as compared to that of C77/95A. The C77IC95A and C77AC95L proteins showed almost the same stability as C77/95A. The increase in the stability of the proteins might be explained by the filling of the cavity space around positions 77 and 95 with the side residue of Leu77 in C77LC95A, and by the formation of a hydrogen bond between Ser77 and Ser95 in C77/95S. On the other hand, the substitution with isoleucine at 95 (C77AC95I) decreased the stability. The activities of the five mutant proteins against the synthetic substrate, p-nitrophenyl tetra-N-acetyl-beta-chitopentaoside, were higher than that of the wild-type human lysozyme, while the lytic activities against M. lysodeikticus were decreased in C77LC95A and C77IC95A, and increased in C77AC95L.
Base Sequence↗
Contribution of a hydrogen bond to the thermal stability of the mutant human lysozyme C77/95S.
The structural stability due to a disulfide bridge between Cys77 and Cys95 of the wild-type human lysozyme is partly recovered by a putative hydrogen bond introduced in to the mutant human lysozyme C77/95S, where Cys77 and Cys95 have been replaced by serines (Yamada et al. (1994) Biol. Pharm. Bull., 17, 192 (1994). In order to understand quantitatively the role of the hydrogen bond in the thermal stability of the mutant human lysozyme, we constructed further mutant proteins, C77SC95A in which Cys77 and Cys95 were replaced by serine and alanine, respectively, and C77AC95S, in which Cys77 and Cys95 were replaced by alanine and serine, respectively. From the thermal unfolding studies of these mutant proteins, both C77SC95A and C77AC95S were shown to be destabilized up to -0.81 and -1.32 kcal/mol, respectively, as far as the free energy changes of unfolding were concerned by compared with C77/95A, where both Cys77 and Cys95 were replaced by two alanines. Considering that these decreases in conformational stability are attributable to hydrophobic effects, the hydrogen bond between Ser77 and Ser95, buried in the hydrophobic cavity in C77/95S, was estimated as 3.0 kcal/mol.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Inhibitory effect of 4-acylaminophenol derivatives (T-0799 and T-0757), novel lipoxygenase inhibitors, on arachidonic acid-induced infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in rat skin.
Effects of 4-acylaminophenol derivatives, novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, on the neutrophil infiltration in arachidonic acid (AA) (10 mg/site)-induced skin inflammation in rats were examined. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the skin lesion, used as an indicator of neutrophil infiltration, was significantly increased after intradermal injection of AA. Dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase, phenidone (100 mg/kg x 2, i.p. and p.o.) and BW-755C (50 mg/kg x 2, p.o.), and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, AA-861 (100 mg/kg x 2, i.p.) and the 4-acylaminophenol derivatives T-0799 and T-0757 (10-100 mg/kg x 2, p.o.), inhibited the increase in MPO activity 5 hr after AA-injection, but the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) showed no effect. These results suggest that products of lipoxygenase, but not of cyclooxygenase, are involved in the MPO activity increase (i.e., neutrophil infiltration), and that this model is useful for in vivo evaluation of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. It is suggested that the 4-acylaminophenol derivatives may be useful as orally active drugs for treatment of some leukotriene-mediated diseases.
Animals↗
Preparation and characterization of anti-fumonisin monoclonal antibodies.
Murine monoclonal antibodies were prepared against fumonisin B1-carrier protein conjugates, such as fumonisin B1-ovalbumin and fumonisin B1-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Five stable hybridoma clones were obtained. The response ranges of these monoclonal antibodies for fumonisin B1 were from 10 to 1000-5000 ng/ml in the competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA).
Animals↗
Processing and secretion of human growth hormone with an artificial signal sequence.
We examined the secretion of human growth hormone in yeast cells with the artificial signal sequence L8LP, which is functional for human lysozyme secretion. The precursor was cleaved efficiently and the mature protein was secreted into the periplasmic space, but the protein aggregated. These results suggest that L8LP is also functional for human growth hormone. pI precipitation might be responsible for the aggregation.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Tumor induction in mice administered neonatally with bis(2-oxopropyl)nitrosamine.
ICR mice were given four subcutaneous injections of bis(2-oxopropyl)nitrosamine (BOP) 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively, on day 1, 8, 15 and 22 of age. Animals treated with BOP developed mainly tumors of the lung, liver, nasal cavity, and pancreas. Lung tumors were histologically alveolar cell adenoma or adenocarcinoma at an incidence of 41-100%, hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma 59-96%, adenoma or adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity 11-26%, and pancreatic acinar cell adenoma or anaplastic carcinoma 3-7%. No sex difference in response to BOP carcinogen was observed.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Hypercalcemia caused by PTH-rP associated with lung metastasis from urinary bladder carcinoma: an autopsied case.
We analyzed the parathyroid-related protein (PTH-rP) content in tissue specimens obtained from a 61-year-old man with hypercalcemia associated with lung metastasis from urinary bladder carcinoma using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. Radioimmunoassay showed that the PTH-rP content was higher in metastatic lung tumor tissue than in non-tumorous lung tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of PTH-rP in tumor cells. Furthermore, proliferation of osteoclasts was found in bone marrow at autopsy. The results suggest that PTH-rP induced humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in a patient with urinary bladder cancer.
Bone Marrow↗
Coronary heart disease mortality is actually low in diabetic Japanese by direct comparison with the Joslin cohort.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the mortality rate from coronary heart disease (CHD) in diabetic Japanese by directly comparing the Tokyo University Hospital cohort and the Joslin cohort using identical protocols. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Five hundred thirty-eight diabetic patients who were treated at Tokyo University Hospital with a 35- to 62-year age range at entry and with a diabetes duration of < 5 years were followed retrospectively for more than 24 years. RESULTS: The percentage of patients who survived at the end of the 24-year period was higher in the Tokyo University cohort (42%) than in the Joslin cohort (12%). The percentage of patients who died from CHD was remarkably lower in the Tokyo University cohort (11%) than in the Joslin cohort (39%). The CHD mortality rate was lower in the Tokyo University cohort than in the Joslin cohort, regardless of the duration of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed the previous finding that the CHD mortality is lower in diabetic Japanese than in diabetic Caucasians.
Adult↗
Clonal analysis of Hodgkin's disease shows absence of TCR/Ig gene rearrangement, compared with T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma and incipient adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
To better characterize the clonality and pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease (HD), we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot to analyze the rearrangement of immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes, the bcl-2 oncogene, and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genotype. In situ hybridization studies of EBV were also done. Twenty-six cases of HD were compared with 15 cases of non-specific lymphadenitis, 7 with incipient adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and 4 T-cell rich B-cell lymphomas (TRBL), all of which histologically resembled HD. EBV genes were detected in 20 of 26 HD patients (77%) and in 7 of 15 patients with non-specific lymphadenitis (47%), 5 of 7 with incipient ATLL (71%), and 1 of 4 with TRBL (25%). In contrast to specimens of non-specific lymphadenitis, TRBL, and incipient ATLL, only one EBV genotype was evident in the specimens of HD. EBV latent membrane protein (LMP) was detected immunologically in 16 of 26 HD patients (62%), one of four TRBL (25%) and one of seven incipient ATLL (14%), but it was not evident in non-specific lymphadenitis. The LMP positive cases showed amplified EBV genomes. Only one of the 26 cases of HD had a bcl-2 gene rearrangement by PCR, but this was not seen in any other disease. The bcl-2 protein was detected immunologically in seven of the 26 HD patients (27%) and in one of the seven incipient ATLL cases (14%). EBV has been reported to upregulate bcl-2 expression, but in this study the presence of bcl-2 protein did not correlate with the presence of the t(14;18) translocation or EBV-LMP. All TRBLs showed rearrangement of the immunoglobulin genes by PCR and/or Southern blot, and the giant cells were of B-cell type. All incipient ATLLs displayed rearrangement of the TCR genes, and the giant cells were of T-cell origin. In seven of 26 HD cases, the giant cells were weakly stained with T-cell antibodies, in another seven positive with B-cell antibodies and in 18 instances polyclonally positive for both kappa and lambda. However, PCR and Southern blot displayed only two cases of TCR gene rearrangement, while two others had very weak rearrangements of immunoglobulin gene positive only by PCR. Thus the T and B-cell genotype did not correlate with the T and B-cell phenotype recorded in these cases. The absence of Ig and TCR gene rearrangements seems to be common in HD, compared with in TRBL and incipient ATLL.
Base Sequence↗
[Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with abdominal tumor successfully treated with oral administration of low-dose etoposide in an elderly patient].
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Abdominal Neoplasms↗