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Biomedical subjects

M Khogali

Publications and source records attributed to M Khogali.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Vascular effects of hyperthermia on isolated blood vessels.

1. The contractile response of isolated human umbilical and sheep renal arteries to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with increasing temperatures was investigated. 2. In the umbilical artery the threshold value was lowest at 30 degrees C and increased with increasing temperature, the maximal response being lower at temperatures above 30 degrees C. 3. Spontaneous rhythmic contractions of the umbilical artery were not augmented by warming above 37 degrees C. 4. The sheep renal artery exhibited an opposite response pattern: increasing temperature lowered the threshold and increased the maximal response. 5. Addition of indomethacin to the bathing fluid resulted in increased responsiveness of the umbilical arteries to 5-HT. With lower threshold, ED50 and higher maximal response.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiology of heat illnesses during the Makkah Pilgrimages in Saudi Arabia.

A review of the literature shows that our knowledge of the epidemiology of heat illnesses on a global and regional level is still lacking. Until now most of the information has come from the experience of European armies in hot environments. Recently increased interest has been shown following the epidemics of heat illnesses affecting civil communities in the United States. Of great importance and unique for the study of heat illness is the start of the hot cycle of the Makkah Pilgrimage which will continue for the next 15-16 years. Approximately two million people, the majority of whom are at great risk, will be exposed to the extremes of hot weather in May-September. Thousands of heat stroke cases are expected to occur. In this paper the conditions prevailing during the annual Makkah Pilgrimage are described as well as a review of the epidemiological and clinical findings observed by the author during the pilgrimages of 1980/81 when 176 cases and 467 cases of Heat Stroke were seen and treated respectively and a new physiological method of treatment of heat stroke which proved very successful in clinical field trials was introduced.

Desert Climate↗
PubMed1982

A new approach for providing occupational health services in developing countries.

A comprehensive approach to the health problems of workers and the gainfully employed should be adopted when occupational health services are planned in developing countries. The system developed in industrialized countries cannot be applied to new industrializing countries. The definition of what constitutes a developing country is not yet agreed upon. They share many of the criteria which create a vicious cycle of poverty and disease. This cycle can only be broken by industrialization and economic progress. The maintenance of health in industrial communities in the developing countries entails the treatment and prevention of epidemic and endemic communicable diseases, the prevention of occupational injuries and diseases, the planning and organization of medical care, training, the introduction and enforcement of standards of health, and safety and medical care in industry. To achieve this a new approach is advocated. The total health services are visualized as a spectrum, while occupational health services are used as a springboard and a point of entry. The health personnel who provide services to workers in factories, agricultural projects, and mines can carry out a comprehensive preventive program for the workers and their families.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1980

Heat stroke: report on 18 cases.

Eighteen hyperpyrexial patients with a mean rectal temperature of 42.3 degrees (range 41.2-43.1 degrees C) were rapidly cooled in a unit producing evaporative cooling from a warm skin. Sixteen patients recovered, and two, who were diabetic, died. The time taken for the core temperature to drop to 38 degrees C varied from 26 min to 5 h. The success of a treatment which maintained vasodilatation by warming the skin accords with the hypothesis that peripheral vasoconstriction combined with a high metabolic heat output is a major factor in the pathogenesis of heat stroke.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A physiological body-cooling unit for treatment of heat stroke.

The high incidence of heat stroke during the Mecca pilgrimage in hot weather prompted the development of a new method of rapidly cooling hyperpyrexial patients. A cooling bed was devised which achieved a high rate of evaporative cooling by spraying patients with water at 15 degrees C and warm air, which reached the body surface at 30-35 degrees C. The cooling bed also made possible the administration of ancillary treatment both efficiently and hygienically.

Beds↗
PubMed1979

Heatstroke.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Air↗
PubMed1979

Tuberculosis among immigrants in the United Kingdom: the role of occupational health services.

Immigrant workers in the United Kingdom account for 7.8% of the working population. Their health problems fall into three groups--imported diseases, occupational accidents, and acquired diseases. In the latter group, tuberculosis is still a major problem. A retrospective study tracing notifiable cases of tuberculosis to points of entry at Heathrow Airport indicates that the majority of immigrants acquire the disease after entry. The occupational health services have a great role to play in detecting the new cases very early and in providing appropriate screening and follow-up. Proper co-ordination between occupational and community health services will give the best results and lead to a rapid decline of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Assessment of the M.Sc. course in Occupational Medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1969--74.

The M.Sc. course in Occupational Medicine started in September 1969 at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Between 1969--74, ninety-eight doctors attended this 9 month full-time course. Thirty-four were British and sixty-four from overseas. A questionnaire was mailed to all of them. Eighty-four replied, i.e. a response rate of 86%. Thirty-one of the U.K. doctors and fifty-three of the overseas replied. The difference between the UK and overseas doctors working full-time in occupational medicine was very marked before and after the course. 100% of the U.K. doctors and 89% of the overseas thought their objectives of attending the course were fulfilled. 97% of the U.K. doctors said the course covered the problems of their country as compared with 77% of the overseas. 100% of the U.K. doctors found the knowledge gained of practical value to their work. Suggestions were also made on topics taught and on the practical instruction of the course. It appears that the M.Sc. course is successful and that the objectives outlined when starting the M.Sc. were to a great extent fulfilled. The new changes introduced this year 1976 in the organization and the content of the course are also discussed, and their advantages emphasized.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1976

Byssinosis: a follow-up study of cotton ginnery workers in the Sudan.

A follow-up study of lung function tests and dust measurements was undertaken in ginnery workers employed in five ginning factories. Respiratory symptoms and respiratory function tests (FEV1 and FVC) were first recorded in 1967 on a total of 382 workers (323 permanently employed ginnery workers, 35 seasonal farfara workers, and 24 fire brigade men as controls). In 1969 after a six-month break from ginning before the start of the season, a follow-up study of lung function tests was undertaken on 96% of the same workers (306 ginnery workers, 35 farfara, and 24 fire brigade men). Because of the lapse of two years a new adjustment for age and height was made so as to compare the FEV1 measured in the follow-up study. The fire brigade men showed an expected fall in FEV1 during the two-year period, whereas the ginnery workers showed a rise presumably because they had had no dust exposure during the previous six months. The differences between the degree of change in these groups were statistically significant. In 1967 only the fine dust (less than 7 mum) was measured, while in 1969 the concentration of fine and medium dust, that is, less fly was measured. The factories were divided into three groups according to dust concentration. Comparison between the three factory groups and farfara shows a positive association between the level of dust concentration less fly and the prevalence of cough and phlegm. Since age did not appear to be a significant factor in the prevalence of byssinosis, comparisons between permanent workers in these three groups of factories and farfara workers taken separately were made without age standardization. The overall differences were statistically significant. There was a marked trend showing a positive association between prevalence of byssinosis and level of cotton dust concentration in the factories. The correlation between dust levels and the prevalence of byssinosis was nearly perfect when the time factor was included.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of hyperthermia on brain auditory evoked potentials in the conscious sheep.

To assess the effect of hyperthermia on brain function of conscious sheep, auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were studied. Auditory brain-stem potentials (BAEPs) and mid-latency potentials (MLPs) to monaural rarefaction click stimuli were recorded as the potential difference between midline skull screws and mastoid electrodes. Hyperthermia was induced by a combined passive heat and work stress in a climatic chamber. Brain temperature was monitored with a thermistor in the parietal lobe. Hyperthermia resulted in a progressive decrease in the absolute latencies of the BAEPs up to the time of heat-induced collapse. There was a similar decrease in the latencies of MLPs up to a brain temperature of 42.0 degrees C +/- 0.3 degrees C (mean +/- S.D.), while there was prolongation of latencies at higher brain temperatures. The wave form of the BAEPs (I-V) persisted up to the time of heat-induced collapse. In contrast those of MLPs showed reproducible changes in the form of flattening or splitting of the Pa wave at a brain temperature of 41.8 degrees C +/- 0.7 degrees C, reversible with cooling. That temperature was also associated with behavioural changes reversible with cooling. A complete loss of the MLP waves occurred at a brain temperature of 42.9 degrees C +/- 0.6 degrees C which was not reversed with whole body cooling and immediately preceded the heat-induced collapse. This study demonstrates that hyperthermia in the conscious sheep produces potentially damaging effects on the central nervous system once a critical brain temperature (41.8 degrees C +/- 7.0 degrees C) is exceeded and that the MLPs are more sensitive indicators of this damage than BAEPs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Height and lung function in preadolescent children of Kuwaitis and European origin: a pilot survey on health effects of gas cooking in the Middle East.

Spirometric testing, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in .5 s (FEV0.5), FEF25-75%, and peak expiratory flow resistance (PEFR), was conducted among 130 10-y-old children (67 Kuwaitis, 63 Europeans) who lived with their parents in the same area in Kuwait city. Lung function of children who lived in houses with gas stoves were compared with those who lived in homes supplied with electric cookers. The FEV0.5 for children who lived in households with gas stoves was significantly lower (average difference, 94 ml; p = .05; corrected to height and sex). Other lung function indices, i.e., FVC, FEF25-75%, and PEFR, were also lower but, after accounting for confounders, were not statistically significant. Children from households that were equipped with gas cookers were approximately 3 cm shorter than children who lived in homes with electric cookers. These findings suggest that children who live in a very hot and dry climate--even with efficient air conditioning systems--are susceptible to the same environmental hazards to which children from other climatic zones are exposed. This susceptibility may be more pronounced before or at the onset of puberty.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The nature of human brucellosis in Kuwait: study of 379 cases.

Three hundred seventy-nine Kuwaiti patients with brucellosis were admitted to Adan General Hospital, Kuwait, during the period 1984-1985. Of these 231 were males and 148 were females. Diagnosis was based on symptoms and signs compatible with the disease and on the detection of significantly elevated antibody titer and/or positive blood culture. The primary means of exposure were the consumption of raw milk and contact with goats, sheep, or camels. Patients most frequently presented with fever (91%), chills (40%), sweats (39%), gastrointestinal symptoms (30%), headache (23%), respiratory symptoms (23%), and musculoskeletal symptoms (22%). The major signs were osteoarticular involvement (37%), hepatosplenomegaly (27%), and lymphadenopathy (9%). Different regimens of treatment were used, but the highest rate of cure was achieved with triple therapy--tetracycline, streptomycin, and rifampin.

Adolescent↗