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Biomedical subjects

M Khogali

Publications and source records attributed to M Khogali.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Traffic air pollution in Kuwait: preliminary results for nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide.

At 21 locations within the city of Kuwait, continuous weekly measurements were made of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and of carbon monoxide (CO): analyses were made using a chemiluminescent NOx analyser and a gas filter correlation ambient CO analyser. At 90% of the locations, the daily mean NOx concentrations exceeded 50 ppb, and in peak traffic hours the levels often reached 500 ppb. Similarly, the daily mean concentration of CO at 88% of the locations was greater than or equal to 8 ppm, and at three locations the CO concentrations were greater than 20 ppm. Throughout the week, daily differences were noted, with the lowest concentrations of pollutants recorded at the weekends. The influence of meteorological parameters was examined. The results showed that traffic was a major source of pollution in the city of Kuwait.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Arabs in Kuwait: a comparative study between Kuwaitis and Palestinians.

On December 31, 1988 there were 201 registered multiple sclerosis patients in Kuwait, an overall prevalence rate (PR) of 10.2 per 100,000; among them were 186 Arabs, of whom 72 were Palestinians and 51 Kuwaitis. Comparison of these two subgroups, who had a similar age distribution revealed that the disease was 2 1/2 times more frequent among Palestinians (PR 23.8/100,000) than among Kuwaitis (PR 9.5/100,000). Palestinians also showed significant differences from Kuwaitis in eye color, blood group distribution and HLA-DR and HLA-DQW epitopes frequency. This suggests that genetic rather than environmental factors might be the underlying cause for the high susceptibility to develop MS among Arabs originating from the Eastern Mediterranean basin.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Brucellosis in Kuwait: a clinico-epidemiological study.

The 160,000 population in Adan area, Kuwait, is served by Adan Regional Hospital. During the 6 months period mid-December, 1983 to mid-June, 1984, 68 cases of brucellosis were admitted to the hospital, an annual incidence of 85/100,000 population. Of these, 84% were Kuwaitis and Bedouins. The mean age was 32 years, range 12-70 years. The male female ratio was 1.4:1. 55 patients gave histories of consuming raw milk and 4 had close contact with animals. The highest incidence of the disease coincided with the animal delivery season and the desert camping period of Kuwaiti families. It appears that air transmission of contaminated soil is one of the main routes of Brucella infections in Kuwait.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Circulatory changes associated with heat stroke: observations in an experimental animal model.

1. Although heat stroke is a frequent cause of death in both humans and animals as a result of climatic or exercise-imposed stress, underlying mechanisms are understood poorly. In order to develop more effective strategies for prevention and treatment of this cause of death and suffering, controlled experiments were conducted on a small number of sheep to examine cardiovascular involvement in the thermoregulatory failure of heat stroke. 2. Sheep were studied in a hot environment at rest and then during exercise until collapse. 3. With exercise, mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased slightly, cardiac output (CO) increased markedly and total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreased slightly. As collapse was imminent, MAP increased but CO and TPR did not change significantly. On collapse, MAP and TPR increased markedly and CO decreased markedly. 4. Radioactive microsphere measurements demonstrated during exercise a redistribution of blood flow (BF) away from abdominal viscera and torso skin, to muscles involved in exercise, respiratory muscles, myocardium, fat, limb skin and nasobuccal tissues. With progressively increasing heat stress and exercise, BF increased in exercise muscles and decreased in limb skin and fat. As collapse was imminent, there were sharp increases in BF in exercise muscles, brain and spinal cord. On collapse, BF decreased markedly in exercise and respiratory muscles and fat. 5. It is concluded that collapse and ultimately heat stroke are not due primarily to cardiovascular 'failure' but, rather, to consequences of high body temperatures resulting from thermoregulatory failure attributable to demands for blood pressure regulation dominating requirements for body temperature regulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Optimization of night and shiftwork plans among policemen in Kuwait: a field experiment.

A pilot survey was designed to define incidence, rotation period, rotation direction and cycle of shiftwork plans in the production and service units in Kuwait. Preliminary results from the Ministry of Interior showed that four different shift plans are widely used. Forty policemen, ten from each shift plan, volunteered to fill in a diary for a period of two or more cycles. The diary was comprised of a set of questions planned to reveal disturbances in sleep duration, sleep quality, food intake and appetite. The daily questionnaire also covered psychosomatic complaints and subjective judgement of recovery. A control group, on permanent day work, volunteered to fill in the diary for the same period. The results indicated that one of the four shift plans was quite satisfactory and least harmful to the policemen. Two plans were associated with excessive strain during working days, but the number of free days was sufficient to achieve complete recovery. The fourth plan was associated with excessive strain during working days and recovery was not achieved after 24 h of rest at the end of the shift cycle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in heat stroke.

Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were assessed in 55 cases of heat stroke who presented with or without bleeding tendencies during the Makkah pilgrimage of 1983. 17 patients were identified to have evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Bleeders with DIC had a higher incidence of shock and a higher mortality when compared to non-bleeders. Thrombocytopenia and liver cell damage were not limited to cases with DIC. Coagulation factors and serum enzyme studies suggested non-specific tissue damage as the trigger mechanism for DIC possibly proceeding through the extrinsic system of blood clotting. We conclude that the breakdown of haemostasis in heat stroke is multifactorial: thrombocytopenia, liver cell damage and DIC.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1983

Vascular effects of hyperthermia on isolated blood vessels.

1. The contractile response of isolated human umbilical and sheep renal arteries to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with increasing temperatures was investigated. 2. In the umbilical artery the threshold value was lowest at 30 degrees C and increased with increasing temperature, the maximal response being lower at temperatures above 30 degrees C. 3. Spontaneous rhythmic contractions of the umbilical artery were not augmented by warming above 37 degrees C. 4. The sheep renal artery exhibited an opposite response pattern: increasing temperature lowered the threshold and increased the maximal response. 5. Addition of indomethacin to the bathing fluid resulted in increased responsiveness of the umbilical arteries to 5-HT. With lower threshold, ED50 and higher maximal response.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiology of heat illnesses during the Makkah Pilgrimages in Saudi Arabia.

A review of the literature shows that our knowledge of the epidemiology of heat illnesses on a global and regional level is still lacking. Until now most of the information has come from the experience of European armies in hot environments. Recently increased interest has been shown following the epidemics of heat illnesses affecting civil communities in the United States. Of great importance and unique for the study of heat illness is the start of the hot cycle of the Makkah Pilgrimage which will continue for the next 15-16 years. Approximately two million people, the majority of whom are at great risk, will be exposed to the extremes of hot weather in May-September. Thousands of heat stroke cases are expected to occur. In this paper the conditions prevailing during the annual Makkah Pilgrimage are described as well as a review of the epidemiological and clinical findings observed by the author during the pilgrimages of 1980/81 when 176 cases and 467 cases of Heat Stroke were seen and treated respectively and a new physiological method of treatment of heat stroke which proved very successful in clinical field trials was introduced.

Desert Climate↗
PubMed1982

A new approach for providing occupational health services in developing countries.

A comprehensive approach to the health problems of workers and the gainfully employed should be adopted when occupational health services are planned in developing countries. The system developed in industrialized countries cannot be applied to new industrializing countries. The definition of what constitutes a developing country is not yet agreed upon. They share many of the criteria which create a vicious cycle of poverty and disease. This cycle can only be broken by industrialization and economic progress. The maintenance of health in industrial communities in the developing countries entails the treatment and prevention of epidemic and endemic communicable diseases, the prevention of occupational injuries and diseases, the planning and organization of medical care, training, the introduction and enforcement of standards of health, and safety and medical care in industry. To achieve this a new approach is advocated. The total health services are visualized as a spectrum, while occupational health services are used as a springboard and a point of entry. The health personnel who provide services to workers in factories, agricultural projects, and mines can carry out a comprehensive preventive program for the workers and their families.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1980

Heat stroke: report on 18 cases.

Eighteen hyperpyrexial patients with a mean rectal temperature of 42.3 degrees (range 41.2-43.1 degrees C) were rapidly cooled in a unit producing evaporative cooling from a warm skin. Sixteen patients recovered, and two, who were diabetic, died. The time taken for the core temperature to drop to 38 degrees C varied from 26 min to 5 h. The success of a treatment which maintained vasodilatation by warming the skin accords with the hypothesis that peripheral vasoconstriction combined with a high metabolic heat output is a major factor in the pathogenesis of heat stroke.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A physiological body-cooling unit for treatment of heat stroke.

The high incidence of heat stroke during the Mecca pilgrimage in hot weather prompted the development of a new method of rapidly cooling hyperpyrexial patients. A cooling bed was devised which achieved a high rate of evaporative cooling by spraying patients with water at 15 degrees C and warm air, which reached the body surface at 30-35 degrees C. The cooling bed also made possible the administration of ancillary treatment both efficiently and hygienically.

Beds↗
PubMed1979

Heatstroke.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Air↗
PubMed1979

Tuberculosis among immigrants in the United Kingdom: the role of occupational health services.

Immigrant workers in the United Kingdom account for 7.8% of the working population. Their health problems fall into three groups--imported diseases, occupational accidents, and acquired diseases. In the latter group, tuberculosis is still a major problem. A retrospective study tracing notifiable cases of tuberculosis to points of entry at Heathrow Airport indicates that the majority of immigrants acquire the disease after entry. The occupational health services have a great role to play in detecting the new cases very early and in providing appropriate screening and follow-up. Proper co-ordination between occupational and community health services will give the best results and lead to a rapid decline of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Assessment of the M.Sc. course in Occupational Medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1969--74.

The M.Sc. course in Occupational Medicine started in September 1969 at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Between 1969--74, ninety-eight doctors attended this 9 month full-time course. Thirty-four were British and sixty-four from overseas. A questionnaire was mailed to all of them. Eighty-four replied, i.e. a response rate of 86%. Thirty-one of the U.K. doctors and fifty-three of the overseas replied. The difference between the UK and overseas doctors working full-time in occupational medicine was very marked before and after the course. 100% of the U.K. doctors and 89% of the overseas thought their objectives of attending the course were fulfilled. 97% of the U.K. doctors said the course covered the problems of their country as compared with 77% of the overseas. 100% of the U.K. doctors found the knowledge gained of practical value to their work. Suggestions were also made on topics taught and on the practical instruction of the course. It appears that the M.Sc. course is successful and that the objectives outlined when starting the M.Sc. were to a great extent fulfilled. The new changes introduced this year 1976 in the organization and the content of the course are also discussed, and their advantages emphasized.

Curriculum↗