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Biomedical subjects

M Kessler

Publications and source records attributed to M Kessler.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Predicting outcome from closed head injury by early assessment of trauma severity.

The relationship between severity of head injury and outcome was studied in 96 patients. Severity was assessed based on the level of coma and presence of mass lesion, hemiparesis, skull fracture, and pupil abnormality. Outcome was assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The relationship between assessment of severity of trauma and the outcome measurements was calculated by multiple regression analysis. Results indicate that coma grade and estimates of premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ) served best to predict IQ as assessed after the injury. The combination of coma grade, mass lesion, and skull fracture were important predictors of the Halstead Impairment Index. Coma grade and pupil abnormality predicted the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Low to moderate relationships were found between the predictor variables and the measurement of IQ and the Glasgow Outcome Scale; multiple regression coefficients were 0.63 and 0.61, respectively. The relationship between measurement of trauma severity and the Halstead Impairment Index was also low (R = 0.37).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors of the female breast using single photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-DTPA].

31 patients with suspicious findings on mammographic films were examined preoperatively by single photon emission computed tomography. A scintigraphic study was performed at 30 and 120 min after i.v. administration of 370 MBq (10 mCi) 99mTc-DTPA. The radionuclide accumulation in both breasts was analyzed quantitatively on transaxial slices using the ROI-technique. In benign lesions (n = 12) as well as in carcinomas (n = 19), an increased 99mTc-DTPA accumulation was found as compared to clinically and radiographically unaffected sides. A radionuclide accumulation exceeding 20% of the contralateral side was considered to indicate malignancy. Thus the sensitivity in diagnosing malignant tumours was 74%, the specificity 64% and the accuracy 70%. In contrast to studies with planar scintigraphic imaging techniques the results clearly show an increased 99mTc-DTPA uptake even in benign breast lesions.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[Anaphylactic reactions during hemodialysis: responsibility of the dialysis membrane (cuprophane)].

Iterative hemodialysis causes only exceptionally anaphylactic reactions. In those cases it has been possible to incriminate sterilizing agents (ethylene oxide, formaldehyde) and in a few cases the membrane. We report the case of one patient suffering from a chronic renal failure who had been undergoing hemodialysis treatment for more than six years in whom we noticed anaphylactic reactions at the beginning of each dialysis session carried on with cuprophan. We were able to use three different types of dialysis membranes: cuprophan, polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate, and two means of sterilization: ethylene oxide and gamma rays. The disorders we observed do not seem to be related to the phenomena usually observed during hemodialysis. The clinical signs linked with hypereosinophilia (13,000/mm3), hyperbasophilia (140/mm3) and an increase in total serum IgE disappeared when cuprophan membrane was replaced by cellulose acetate. One year later, hypereosinophilia had disappeared, hyperbasophilia had subsided, total IgE remained high. We conclude that IgE dependent anaphylaxis might be due to one component of the cuprophan membrane.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Aluminum in the joint tissues of chronic renal failure patients treated with regular hemodialysis and aluminum compounds.

We studied the concentrations of aluminum in the articular tissues of 5 hemodialysed patients treated with aluminum compounds. Aluminum crosses the synovial barrier, is found in synovial fluid (SF) and accumulates in the joint structures (synovial membrane and joint cartilage). The concentrations found in synovial tissue were 2.7 to 10 times control values, in SF 2.5 to 8 times the control concentrations and in cartilage 2.6 times the control concentrations. Transmission electron microscopy showed localization of aluminum in the lysosomal structures and wavelength dispersive microprobe analysis showed aluminum in cellular components associated with phosphate. The possible toxicity of aluminum to joints merits further investigations.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1983

[Practical value of the determination of urinary fibrin degradation products in the early management of renal transplants].

We studied daily urinary excretion of fibrin degradation products (UFDP) during the first month following renal transplantation in 31 patients using the Merskey technique. After the 48 first hours a rise of UFDP was observed in 3 circumstances: 1) acute rejection: twenty-four acute rejections were observed in twenty-two patients. The increase of UFDP was constant. It preceeded the clinical diagnosis of rejection in 63 p. 100 of the patients. It has a predictive value in all cases. 2) Severe urinary infection. In 5 patients with urologic complications UFDP rose markedly. 3) Macroscopic hematuria. In 2 patients with gross hematuria very high rates of excretion were observed.

Female↗
PubMed1983

[Value of the assay of bone aluminum by pulse polarography].

Pulse polarography has been applied to the determination of aluminium in bone. The sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility of the method are described. The results of bone aluminium concentrations in controls and in haemodialysed patients treated with aluminium compounds are discussed. Pulse polarography permits very precise measurements of aluminium impregnating bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Characterization and quantification of human plasma lipids from crude lipid extracts by field desorption mass spectrometry.

The main classes of human plasma lipids, free fatty acids, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines were identified and quantified from samples of human plasma by field desorption mass spectrometry. A crude lipid extract was prepared from 50 microliters of human plasma and a 1-5% aliquot thereof was subjected directly to field desorption mass spectrometry without any chromatographic separation of the extract constituents. Within the classes of free fatty acids, triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines the fatty acid profile was obtained directly from the mass spectrum and accurate quantification could be achieved by the addition of stable isotope labelled internal standards.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1983

The small-intestinal Na+, D-glucose cotransporter: an asymmetric gated channel (or pore) responsive to delta psi.

At delta psi approximately equal to 0, D-glucose influx into, and efflux out of, membrane vesicles from small-intestinal brush borders are affected by trans Na+ and trans D-glucose to different extents. D-glucose influx and efflux respond to delta psi (negative at the trans side) to different extents. The small-intestinal Na+, D-glucose cotransporter is thus functionally asymmetric. This is not unexpected, in view of the structural asymmetry previously found. The characteristics of the delta psi-dependence of transinhibition by D-glucose are compatible with the mobile part of the cotransporter bearing a negative charge of at least 1 (in the substrate-free form). They are not compatible with its mobile part being electrically neutral. Pertinent equations are given in the Appendix. Partial Cleland's kinetic analysis and other criteria rule out (Iso) Ping Pong mechanisms and makes likely a Preferred Ordered mechanism, with Na+out binding to the cotransporter prior to the sugarout. A likely model is proposed aimed at providing a mechanism of flux coupling and active accumulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Fatty acid profiling of phospholipids by field desorption and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

Natural phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines and sphingomyelins have been investigated by field desorption and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. It is demonstrated that using these soft mass spectrometric ionization techniques, accurate, fast, and sensitive fatty acid profiling of phospholipids can be performed. With respect to the analysis of intact molecular species both ionization techniques reveal similar results. Using field desorption, a specific fragment ion provides a fast access to the total distribution of fatty acids in complex lipids. Generally, a good agreement between the mass spectrometric abundance data and those produced by gas chromatographic analysis is observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Diffuse posterior hyperostosis of the cervical spine with cord compression: a Forestier (DISH) variant.

A patient presented with signs and symptoms of cervical spinal cord compression. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed diffuse idiopathic hyperostosis of the posterior vertebral border of C4, C5, C6, and C7 cervical vertebrae, with severe spinal stenosis at C5 and C6 level. Computed tomography scan is the single most useful instrument for demonstrating the extent of bony proliferation and severity of spinal stenosis.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1983

[Comparison of mammography and automated sonography in 700 patients].

700 patients underwent routinely x-ray mammography and breast ultrasound with an automated grey-scale breast scanner. The parenchymal pattern of the ultrasound B-scan was morphological identical to the x-ray film. The echogram gave further informations about the topographic localisation of pathologic lesions to the chest wall including the pectoral muscles. The sonogram was of no value in 10 percent due to diffuse reflection of the breast. In cystic disease the diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasound was with about 100 percent superior to that of x-ray mammography. On the contrary the accuracy of the x-ray mammography was higher than that of ultrasound in the diagnosis of benign or malignant solids. Benign adenoma smaller than 1 cm could not be definetively recognised as carcinoma of this size. The diagnostic accuracy of the sonogram was 70 percent by 40 histologically proved carcinomas. The only use of the automated scanner in the diagnostics of the breast seams to be not justified, even not as a screening method, especially because small tumors with good prognosis are not recognized, however, the ultrasound gives additional important informations in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the female breast.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1983

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Quantitative immunohistomorphometry of the tonsillar plasma cells evidences an inversion of the immunoglobulin A versus immunoglobulin G secreting cell balance.

Primary IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) is characterized by renal deposits of IgA, the origin of which is still unknown. However, several clinical and biological findings suggest that these immunoglobulins might have a mucosal origin, and that such patients should present mucosal abnormalities. This paper reports the results of the immunohistomorphometrical analysis of tonsillar plasma cells from seven patients suffering from Berger's disease and seven controls also with recurrent tonsillitis. IgG, IgA, and IgM-secreting cells were enumerated after immunofluorescent staining of serial frozen-cut sections from 20 tonsils. In controls, a predominance of the IgG-secreting population, similar to this reported in the literature was observed (65% of IgG secreting cells and 29% of IgA plasma cells), while an inversion in the patients' plasma cells percentages was evidenced (IgG:37%, IgA:56%). This increment in the IgA population was paralleled by an augmentation of the number of dimeric IgA-secreting cells (75% of IgA plasma cells), stained both for cytoplasmic IgA and J chain. In controls, the latter cells were in similar proportions as previously reported by others (45% of IgA plasma cells). These results demonstrate an imbalance in the IgA-producing system of patients with Berger's disease, which is in keeping with the hypothesis favoring a mucosal origin for the mesangial IgA present in their kidneys.

Adolescent↗