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Biomedical subjects

M Kazama

Publications and source records attributed to M Kazama.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Separation of human Glu-plasminogen, Lys-plasminogen and plasmin by high-performance affinity chromatography on Asahipak GS gel coupled with p-aminobenzamidine.

Human Glu-plasminogen, Lys-plasminogen and plasmin were effectively separated by high-performance affinity chromatography. The affinity adsorbent was prepared by using a micro-particulate polyvinyl alcohol gel (Asahipak GS-gel) as the supporting material and p-aminobenzamidine as the specific ligand. All of the active enzyme and proenzymes were adsorbed. Glu-plasminogen was eluted by changing the pH of the eluent and Lys-plasminogen by using an eluent containing 6-amino-hexanoic acid. This affinity adsorbent recognized the difference between these proenzyme species. For the elution of plasmin, addition of urea was necessary. Plasmin may have been adsorbed through a two-site interaction with the adsorbent. All proteins were eluted as sharp peaks and the time required for one cycle was about 1 h. Fluorimetric detection of eluted protein and on-line assay of enzyme activity using a fluorigenic substrate made it possible to analyse microgram amounts of proteins specifically.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Developmental changes in the activities of peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation in chicken liver.

The activities of peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation and carnitine acyltransferases changed during the process of development from embryo to adult chicken, and the highest activities of peroxisomal beta-oxidation, palmitoyl-CoA oxidase, and carnitine acetyltransferase were found at the hatching stage of the embryo. The profiles of these alterations were in agreement with those of the contents of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the liver. The highest activities of mitochondrial beta-oxidation and palmitoyl-CoA dehydrogenase were observed at the earlier stages of the embryo; then the activities decreased gradually from embryo to adult chicken. The ratio of activities of carnitine acetyltransferase in peroxisomes and mitochondria (peroxisomes/mitochondria) increased from 0.54 to 0.82 during the development from embryo to adult chicken. The ratio of activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase decreased from 0.82 to 0.25 during the development. The affinity of fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase toward the medium-chain acyl-CoAs (C6 and C8) was high in the embryo and decreased with development, whereas the substrate specificity of fatty acyl-CoA oxidase did not change. The substrate specificity of mitochondrial carnitine acyltransferases did not change with development. The affinity of peroxisomal carnitine acyltransferases toward the long-chain acyl-CoAs (C10 to C16) was high in the embryo, but low in adult chicken.

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain↗
PubMed1985

Effect of clofibrate on peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation in chicken liver.

The effect of a 0.25% clofibrate diet for 2 weeks on peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation in chicken liver was studied. The activities of antimycin antimycin A-insensitive palmitoyl-CoA oxidation (peroxisomal beta-oxidation) and carnitine acetyltransferase increased about two-fold. The activities of palmitoyl-CoA-dependent O2 consumption (mitochondrial beta-oxidation) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase were also slightly activated by the administration of clofibrate, but not significant. Thus, clofibrate may be a typical drug which activates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation more than the mitochondrial one in various species. The effect of clofibrate on peroxisomal carnitine acetyltransferase was the same as that on the mitochondrial one in chicken liver. Serum lipids were not lowered, but hepatomegaly was observed in the present experiment with chicken.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Occurrence of AIDS in hemophiliacs in Japan.

This report describes the first two Japanese cases of AIDS developed in patients with hemophilia. One was a 48-year-old man with hemophilia B and the other was a 62-year-old patient with hemophilia A. They had nonspecific prodromal syndromes of AIDS initially, and later developed fatal opportunistic infections with Candida or atypical mycobacteriosis and Aspergillosis. They had marked cellular immunodeficiency, and antibodies to HTLV-III. Subsequently, three more cases of AIDS in hemophiliacs have been reported in Japan. Because most of the clotting factor concentrates for treatment of hemophilia are imported from the United States and European countries, hemophiliac patients in Japan are also at high risk for AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of intraperitoneal injection of topical thrombin on the coagulation and fibrinolysis of rabbits with experimental liver damages].

Topically applied thrombin was known to be effective in hemostasis of local bleeding, but complications of shock, anaphylaxis or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) have been reported recently in rare cases. In this experiment, the possibility of DIC was examined by intraperitoneal injection of topical thrombin (Parke-Davis) to rabbits with liver cirrhosis or acute liver damages induced by CCl4. No significant changes in the coagulation parameters were found in the groups of liver cirrhosis or the untreated control, but the injection of thrombin induced decreases of platelet count and fibrinogen and prolongation of prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time in the groups of acute liver damages, 24 or 48 hr after CCl4 injection. When the "junk" prepared from the topical thrombin was injected to the 48 hr-damage group, no change was noted in these parameters. It was concluded that DIC could be induced by the intraperitoneal injection of topical thrombin only in cases of acute liver damages, where the increased permeability of peritoneum was postulated. However, such an immediate or marked change in coagulation was not found in our experiment as encountered in the clinical cases, which suggested the involvement of the anaphylactic reaction to the topical application of thrombin in the development of DIC in these clinical cases.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1984

The effect of plasma on platelet function in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and the changes in fatty acid composition of the plasma.

Rabbits were fed with 1% cholesterol-containing standard diet for 1 to 3 months. The arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation of the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of the control rabbits was accelerated by substitution of hypercholesterolemic plasma. The incorporation of 14C-AA into thromboxane B2 in platelets was increased approximately 1.6 times with PRP and 1.2 times with the washed platelet suspension (WPS) in hypercholesterolemic rabbits as compared with those of the control. Analysis of the fatty acid compositions of phospholipids and total lipids of hypercholesterolemic rabbits revealed an increase in AA of platelets and plasma, and a decrease in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma. The AA/DHA ratio of plasma increased dependently on the period of feeding with the high cholesterol diet, and the increase in the ratio was parallel with the acceleration of platelet aggregation by AA in PRP.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

High-performance affinity chromatography of plasmin and plasminogen on a hydrophilic vinyl-polymer gel coupled with p-aminobenzamidine.

p-Aminobenzamidine was covalently attached via a spacer moiety to a microparticulate hydrophilic vinyl-polymer gel (Toyopearl HW65S) and this affinity adsorbent was used for the separation of plasmin and plasminogen by high-performance affinity chromatography. Toyopearl HW65S was alkylated with chloroacetylglycylglycine in dimethyl sulphoxide using methylsulphinyl carbanion as a catalyst, then p-aminobenzamidine was coupled to the carboxyl group of glycylglycine to form an acid amide bond. A column packed with the adsorbent retained both plasmin and plasminogen. Plasminogen was eluted with 6-aminohexanoic acid, a haptenic compound for the lysine-binding sites of plasminogen. For the elution of plasmin, the coexistence of 6-aminohexanoic acid and leupeptin (a competitive inhibitor for plasmin) was necessary. The results indicate a two-site interaction of plasmin with the immobilized ligand, i.e., at the lysine-binding sites and the catalytic site. Fluorometric detection of eluted protein and on-line assay of plasmin activity using a fluorogenic substrate, peptidylmethylcoumarylamide, revealed that effective chromatographic separation of the enzyme could be achieved with high sensitivity (10 micrograms) within 1 h.

Amidines↗
PubMed1983

Peroxisomal fatty acyl-coenzyme A oxidation in chicken liver.

The activities of antimycin A-insensitive palmitoyl-CoA oxidation and of palmitoyl-CoA oxidase in peroxisomes from chicken liver were similar to those of rat liver. Catalase and D-amino acid oxidase activities in peroxisomes from chicken liver were lower than those of rat liver, and urate oxidase was not detected. Carnitine acetyl-transferase and palmitoyltransferase levels in chicken liver were 18- and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those of rat liver. Peroxisomal palmitoyl-CoA oxidation of chicken liver was inhibited by cyanide, in contrast to that of rat liver, although it was insensitive to antimycin A. Subcellular distribution of this enzyme was similar to that of rat liver; i.e., it was located only in the peroxisomes. The fatty acyl-CoA oxidase had a higher affinity toward medium- to long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (C8 to C16) than shorter-chain analogs. The fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase had a broad affinity toward fatty acyl-CoAs (C4 to C18). Carnitine acetyltransferase was distributed equally in both peroxisomes and mitochondria. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase was distributed in the proportion of 20 and 80% in peroxisomes and mitochondria, respectively.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1983

Clinical effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

High dose immunoglobulin infusions showed a marked effect on platelet counts in eight out of nine chronic ITP patients and in one SLE patient. In the comparison of different IgG-preparations, the pepsin treated IgG F (ab')2 showed no platelet elevation while the sulfonated did. The elevated platelet count could not be maintained after discontinuation of IgG infusions, but in six out of ten patients the platelet level remained above the pretreatment values. This new treatment seems to be safe and effective in adulthood ITP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A platelet aggregating substance contained in xanthine oxidase preparation from cow's milk.

Superoxide-generating system (xanthine-xanthine oxidase system) induced the platelet aggregation and the release of 3H-serotonin from washed human platelet. However, the aggregation was induced even when xanthine substrate was excluded from the system or when the activity of xanthine oxidase was completely abolished by the addition of 1.6 mM allopurinol to the system. Xanthine oxidase preparation from cow's milk was chromatographed on Sephadex G-200 column, and it was found that the platelet aggregating substance was separated from xanthine oxidase activity by this procedure. The aggregating activity of the substance was destroyed by boiling it for 3 min. Its molecular weight was estimated to be about 17,000. The levels of malondialdehyde and thromboxane B2 production in the platelets were increased during the aggregating 9 and 4 times, respectively, compared to those of resting cells.

Allopurinol↗