Biomedical subjects

M Kawashima

Publications and source records attributed to M Kawashima.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Premalignant lesions and cancers of the skin in the general population: evaluation of the role of human papillomaviruses.

To evaluate the role of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the development of premalignant lesions and cancers of the skin in the general population, 314 biopsies obtained from 227 patients with benign neoplasms, premalignant lesions, and cancers of the skin and from 25 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lip were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization. DNA probes specific for various cutaneous and genital HPV types were used in hybridizations conducted under nonstringent or stringent conditions. HPV DNA sequences were only detected in eight specimens obtained from six patients: HPV 34 in one case of periungual Bowen's disease, HPV 36 and an as yet uncharacterized HPV in two cases of actinic keratosis, HPV 20 in one case of basal cell carcinoma, an as yet unrecognized HPV in one case of squamous cell carcinoma, and HPV 16 in one case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. None of the specimens of cutaneous horn and keratoacanthoma contained detectable HPV DNA. In contrast, HPV DNA sequences, mostly HPV 16, were detected in 13 of 23 cases of anogenital Bowen's disease and invasive Bowen's carcinoma. HPV DNA sequences were not detected in 90 cutaneous samples further analyzed by the polymerase chain-reaction technique, using amplification primers that contain conserved sequences among the genomes of HPV. These results strongly suggest that the known HPV types play only a minor role, if any, in skin carcinogenesis in the general population.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Pedunculated pigmented eccrine poroma of the scalp with increased urinary excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa.

We describe a 52-year-old man with a pedunculated pigmented eccrine poroma mimicking a nodular malignant melanoma in the occipital region. The tumor was once resected but soon recurred. Histologically, the tumor mass extended from the epidermis downwards into the dermis and contained melanin granules in some areas. The tumor cells were uniformly cuboidal in appearance and had round, deeply basophilic nuclei. Initially, the urinary excretion level of 5-S-cysteinyldopa (5-S-CD) was high, but, after resection of the tumor, the level of 5-S-CD returned to normal.

Adenoma, Sweat Gland↗

PubMed1990

Coagulation-fibrinolysis abnormalities in acute and chronic phases of cerebral thrombosis and embolism.

We assayed plasma concentrations of fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A, plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex, D dimer, and antithrombin III activity in 40 patients with cerebral thrombosis and nine patients with cerebral embolism during the acute (less than 7 days), subacute (7-27 days), and chronic (greater than or equal to 28 days) periods and compared these with 69 controls. In cerebral thrombosis, fibrinogen and fibrinopeptide A levels were elevated significantly in all stages (p less than 0.001), whereas plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex and D dimer levels were elevated significantly in the subacute and chronic periods. The antithrombin III activity was significantly decreased in the acute stage. The elevation of fibrinogen and plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex levels in the acute stage was significantly greater in patients with an infarct size greater than 10 mm2 compared to patients with an infarct size less than 10 mm2. We observed similar changes in patients with cerebral embolism. These results suggest that enhanced coagulation exists at all stages and endogenous fibrinolysis is activated in the subacute and chronic periods in a large proportion of patients with cerebral thrombosis and embolism.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1990

[Four cases of an extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck].

From 1987 to 1988, four patients with solitary, extramedullary plasmacytomas of the head and neck were seen at the Gunma Cancer Center Hospital. With reference to such plasmacytomas, we have reviewed the medical literature regarding these tumors and mainly present the results of radiation therapy with respect to these patients. One patient, who had a local recurrence after surgical treatment, underwent radiation therapy (36Gy in four weeks) that resulted in good local control of the disease. Two patients developed multiple painful bone lesions during their long follow-up periods without manifesting any abnormal laboratory findings, suggesting multiple myeloma. It was found that radiation therapy (less than 30 Gy) was useful for the palliation of painful lesions.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed1990

[Heterogeneity of restriction enzyme cleavage pattern of molluscum contagiosum virus DNA].

The total NDAs obtained from a clinically atypical molluscum contagiosum (MC) found in a 47-year-old, male immunosuppressed renal allograft recipient and from seven MC of usual infantile cases were digested with BamHI restriction enzyme and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Three different cleavage patterns were observed and tentatively named MCV-a, -b and -c. All the infantile cases were infected by either MCV-a or MCV-b, both of which showed similar cleavage patterns. In contrast, the immunosuppressed patient was infected by MCV-c, whose cleavage pattern was quite different from those of MCV-a and -b. These results clarified the heterogeneity of MCV in Japanese patients with MC and implied the correlation between MCV types and clinical features of MC.

Child↗

PubMed1990

[Molluscum contagiosum virus types found in Japan].

Total DNAs obtained from Japanese patients with molluscum contagiosum (MC) were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis after digestion with Bam HI, Hind III or Cla I restriction enzymes, which revealed the presence of four different cleavage patterns of MC virus (MCV) DNAs. The comparison with previously reported MCV types clarified that two of them were identical with MCV-1 and -2, respectively. The other two isolates were considered as yet unrecognized types and named MCV-3 and -4, respectively.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[A case of mitral regurgitation caused by necrosis and total rupture of the papillary muscle].

Mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by total rupture of the papillary muscle has so ominous prognosis that it is treated by surgery exceedingly rarely. We recently experienced a case of MR caused by total rupture of the posterior papillary muscle that had presumably occurred after myocardial infarction. The patient was a 52-year-old male who was admitted to a hospital with liver dysfunction where he was noticed for the first time of his having cardiac murmurs and was diagnosed as having MR on the basis of echocardiography. With this diagnosis he was transferred to our department. Examination on admission revealed the patient to have an NYHA class III mitral incompetence with ECG evidence of old posteroinferior myocardial infarction. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated total occlusion of the segment 1 of the right coronary artery and MR, Sellers III. Abnormal echoes were noted in the left ventricle that moved almost synchronously with the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve, a finding leading to a suspected diagnosis of rupture of the posterior papillary muscle or chordae tendineae. Intraoperative findings were confirmative of total rupture of the posterior papillary muscle and mitral valve replacement was performed using a SJM prosthetic valve. Histological examination of the ruptured muscle revealed presence of necrosis, but no other specific inflammatory changes. Documented cases of surgically treated total papillary muscle rupture are quite limited in number, the present case being the 4th to be reported in Japan.

Heart Rupture↗

PubMed1990

Effects of job stress on occurrence of major depression in Japanese industry: a case-control study nested in a cohort study.

To examine the relationship between psychosocial job stress and major depression, a prospective cohort study was conducted of 3066 male workers in two factories of an electrical company in Japan. The workers were observed for 3 years; 15 workers newly developed major depression. The effects of six job stress variables, depressive symptoms, and other possible confounders were assessed by means of self-administered questionnaires once a year. Five workers without apparent psychiatric disorder were matched for each patient by gender (all male), age (within 5 years), marital status, factory, and occupation; the 15 cases and the 75 controls were compared. Proportions of perceived stress due to unsuitable jobs and human relations were significantly higher in the cases than in the controls. Results of the conditional multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that stress due to unsuitable jobs was significantly associated with occurrence of major depression after depressive symptoms were controlled for. It is suggested that stress due to unsuitable jobs is a possible risk factor for major depression in industry.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Presence of androgen receptors in the hen hypothalamus and pituitary.

Soluble and insoluble fractions in a hypotonic buffer solution of hypothalamic-preoptic and median eminence areas, and of the anterior pituitary of the hen were found to contain a specific androgen binding component having the properties of a receptor. Administration of testosterone in vivo caused a marked decrease in specific [3H]R1881 (a synthetic androgen) bindings in the soluble fraction with a concomitant increase in the bindings in the insoluble fraction, whereas the sum of the bindings did not change. A similar relationship between the bindings of the two fractions was also observed during an ovulatory cycle. The results may provide an evidence for a direct action of androgens on the hen hypothalamus and pituitary.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Analysis of patients surviving for six months after irradiation of a bone metastasis].

The effects of treatment of a bone metastasis have been studied in 49 patients who survived for more than six months after radiotherapy (RT). Relief from the symptoms reached a rate as high as 91% (85/93 irradiated sites) irrespective of the primary site of the cancer. However, the survival rate and the rate of symptom relief maintenance were statistically higher in those with breast cancer (15 patients, 38 irradiated sites) than in those with a lung cancer (15, 24). The local control rate was dose dependent (TDF). High-dose irradiation, therefore is recommended to achieve a high local control rate for patients with a long life expectancy.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed1989

[Typical and atypical cases of myrmecia--the differences in the nature of the inclusion bodies and the associated human papillomavirus types].

A case of typical myrmecia and a case of clinically atypical, cutaneous horn-like myrmecia were studied histologically and molecular biologically. The former had eosinophilic, granular shaped inclusion bodies within the cytoplasm, as seen in other typical reported cases. In contrast, the latter was found to have more homogeneous, palely stained inclusion bodies. The analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNAs detected in them clarified the association of HPV type 1 with the former and a different HPV type in the latter. These results confirmed that not only HPV type 1 but also other HPV types could produce myrmecia (inclusion wart) and suggested that the atypical case reported here might be better called by another name than myrmecia.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Two cases of oral leukoplakia possibly associated with human papillomavirus].

Two cases of oral leukoplakia were studied immunohistologically and ultrastructurally. By means of avidin-biotin peroxidase complex technique using papillomavirus specific antibody, distinct nuclear staining of epithelial cells of middle and upper layers was observed in both cases. Further evidence for the presence of human papillomavirus was obtained by the electron micrograph, which revealed virus-like particles (30-40 nm in diameter) within the nucleus.

Aged↗

PubMed1989