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Biomedical subjects

M Kawamura

Publications and source records attributed to M Kawamura.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Prostaglandin levels in the rat resting gastric wall and enhancement of prostaglandin E2 generation after administration of mild hyperosmotic saline solution into the gastric lumen.

The PGE2 level in the rat resting stomach, dropped into liquid nitrogen after removal, was 44.6 +/- 8.3 ng/stomach, when determined by radioimmunoassay, but cutting of the greater curvature with scissors after removal caused an approximately sixfold increase in the PGE2 level. Compression of the stomach in situ with metal tongs refrigerated in liquid nitrogen markedly reduced the PG levels, and further purification by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography reduced the PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels to 4.7 +/- 0.6 and 4.8 +/- 0.8 ng/stomach, respectively. Pretreatment of the rats with indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.v.) did not decrease the PGE2 level, but the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha level was reduced slightly. The lowest level of PGE2 in the resting state was significantly increased after administration of 1.0 M NaCl solution into the gastric lumen. The peak value was 70.0 +/- 21.8 ng/stomach at 30 min, after which the level decreased gradually. The level of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was not significantly increased during the administration of 1.0 M NaCl solution.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Reading and writing deficit in cases of localized infarction of the left anterior thalamus].

We have observed two cases with marked reading and writing deficits, in which speech and oral comprehension were generally intact. Detailed symptomatological study was performed on these cases, and the lesions were examined organically (X-ray computed tomography [X-ray CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and functionally (positron emission tomography [PET]. In addition to the marked reading and writing deficits, mild naming and memory disorders were found. X-ray CT and MRI revealed that the lesions were limited to the regions fed by the polar and paramedian arteries in the left thalamus. In one case, PET demonstrated a functional disturbance of the left parietal and temporal lobes in addition to the left thalamus. Most previous cases have shown lesions in the anterior portion of the thalamus. It is possible that the reading and writing deficits in these cases may be due to the thalamic lesion itself, but the PET findings strongly suggest that a secondary cortical lesion may be involved in producing the higher cognitive disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Renal function of ectopic ureteral opening repaired by ureterocystoneostomy].

Two girls (4 and 3-year old) visited our out-patient service complaining of daytime and nighttime enuresis. Both were diagnosed as ectopic ureteral opening to the vagina with a concomitant dysplastic kidney on the left side. These anomalies were repaired by ureterocystoneostomy according to a modified Grégoir's method. In the first case, three months later, DIP visualized left upper urinary tract which had not been seen before, but enhanced CT scan, renogram and scintigraphy with Tc-DMSA showed no change. In the second case, three years later, examination results were the same as in the first case. There was no renal development. Surgical repair of ureterocystoneostomy was valuable, with small surgical damage and cosmetic merit for the girls. Furthermore, renal function will be maintained at the same level or slightly higher than that before the operation.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1990

[Paroxysmal cerebellar ataxia--an evaluation using the findings from magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and acetazolamide treatment].

Paroxysmal cerebellar ataxia (PCA) is a specific disease which exhibits spasmodic cerebellar ataxia but rarely shows abnormal neurological findings in the intermission. Verger first described an isolated case. Subsequent reports of the disease included mostly cases with autosomal dominant inheritance, but the reports have been limited to about 20 families. Although both the lesion and the cause have not been clearly identified, since Vighetto et al. demonstrated the atrophy of the anterosuperior region of the cerebellar vermis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the lesion of PCA captured the attention of researchers. The patient was a 40-year-old male, who exhibited spasmodic inarticulation and dizziness during walking when he was 10 years old. The symptoms gradually became aggravated in both frequency and duration. Abnormal findings were observed by electroencephalography and Hydantol F was given with no successful effect. The results of a CT scan of the head revealed no abnormality, whereas those of MRI revealed the atrophy in the folia of anterosuperior region of the cerebellar vermis by MRI as in the case of Vighetto et al., and PCA was suspected. Findings from positron emission tomography (PET) for the first time disclosed the abnormality in the cerebellar vermis and brainstem, and suggested an organic disorder in the cerebellar vermis and a functional abnormality in the cerebellum and brainstem. Since the report by Griggs et al., it has been known that acetazolamide is effective for PCA although the pharmacological mechanism is not yet clear. In our present case, the attack was improved in both frequency and duration by the administration of acetazolamide, and the effectiveness of acetazolamide in the patient was confirmed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1990

[Assessment of primary varicose veins with plethysmographic techniques].

Venous hemodynamics were evaluated by simultaneous strain gauge- and photo-plethysmographic techniques in 40 normal limbs (normal group), 74 limbs with primary varicose veins (varicosis group) and 28 limbs with postthrombotic syndrome (thrombosis group). Furthermore, the venous function of 52 limbs with primary varicose veins was assessed before and after surgical treatment of varicose veins. The mean 1/2-refilling time in varicosis and thrombosis group was significantly shorter than that in normal group. With application of tourniquets, limbs in varicosis group showed improvement in 1/2-refilling time. Varicosis group showed a significantly higher value in expelled volume during exercise than thrombosis group, and no significant difference compared with normal group. With tourniquets, the value in varicosis group was higher than that in normal group. From these results, the pathogenesis of primary varicose veins might be characterized as a high degree of venous congestion of the leg and valvular incompetence of the superficial vein system. Postoperative recording showed the improvement in venous function. However, in early stage after the operation, all parameters were lower than those in normal group. These values normalized 3 months after surgery.

Hemodynamics↗
PubMed1989

[Radiation-induced esophageal stricture in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy].

Five out of 165 cases (3.0%) which were treated for non-small cell lung cancer with radiotherapy (98 cases were treated with chemoradiotherapy, and the other 67 cases, radiotherapy alone) developed esophageal stricture. Their clinical courses, the relationship among radiation dosage, combination with chemotherapy, the length of the irradiated esophagus, and the occurrence of esophageal stricture were reviewed. One of the 5 cases was a case with lung cancer in Bloom's syndrome, which developed an esophageal stricture after receiving only 30.6 Gy (the TDF value was 46.2) to the esophagus. This case suggests the possibility that a patient with Bloom's syndrome is more radiosensitive than normal controls. The other 4 cases were treated with combined chemoradiotherapy. One of the 4 cases was treated with concomitant use of bleomycin (BLM), while the TDF value was not more than 100 (75.4). The concomitant sue of BLM was almost certainly the cause of the esophageal stricture. The other 3 cases were treated with chemoradiotherapy, the TDF values of which were more than 100 (108.7, 112.5, and 129.3). The chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and the overdosage were considered to be the cause of the esophageal stricture in these 3 cases. These data suggest that in Bloom's syndrome, radiotherapy should be performed carefully and that BLM should not be used simultaneously with irradiation to the esophagus. It is also believed that a radiation dose over 100 in TDF value to the esophagus should be discouraged when chemotherapy is combined.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Antinociceptive effect of intrathecally administered antiserum against calcitonin gene-related peptide on thermal and mechanical noxious stimuli in experimental hyperalgesic rats.

We compared the effects of intrathecal administration of antiserum against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) between thermo- and mechano-nociceptive responses, using experimental hyperalgesic rats. An intrathecal administration of anti-CGRP antiserum, but not antiserum absorbed by synthetic CGRP, normalized either adjuvant- or carrageenin-induced hyperalgesia both in the paw radiant heat and the paw pressure tests, with little effect on non-hyperalgesic paws. These results suggest that endogenous CGRP, probably present in primary afferents, promotes both thermo- and mechano-nociceptive transmission in the spinal dorsal horn, at least in the hyperalgesic states with inflammations.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Expression of active alpha-3 subunit of rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase from the messenger RNA injected into Xenopus oocytes.

Cloned cDNA encoding the so-far uncharacterized alpha-3 subunit of rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase (Hara et al. (1987) J. Biochem. 102, 43-58, Shull et al. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 8125-8132) was incorporated into a vector carrying the SP6 promoter. The mRNA produced in vitro was injected into Xenopus oocytes with the mRNA encoding the Na+,K+-ATPase beta subunit of Torpedo electroplax. Increased Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the oocyte membrane was observed. This newly expressed activity was inhibited by ouabain (Ki = 1.5 x 10(-7) M), suggesting that the alpha-3 subunit of rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase is a highly ouabain-sensitive catalytic subunit.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A case of concomitant association of duodenal carcinoma and jejunal carcinoma with cerebral metastasis.

A case of concomitant association of primary suprapapillary and jejunal carcinomas with cerebral metastasis is reported. A 42-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of melena. Preoperative endoscopy and abdominal angiography showed primary suprapapillary carcinoma, and brain CT showed a high density mass in the right parietal lobe causing involuntary movement of the left upper extremity. During surgery another tumor was revealed in the jejunum about 80 cm from the Treitz' ligament. These were removed surgically and examined histologically.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with N-isopropyl-p-(123I) iodoamphetamine in partial epilepsy--evaluation of delayed image].

Thirty eight patients with partial seizures in the interictal phase were studied using single photon emission computed tomography performed 30 min. (early image) and 4-4.5 hrs. (delayed image) after an injection of 111 MBq (3 mCi) N-isopropyl-p(123I) iodoamphetamine (IMP). Five types of distribution changes were observed on IMP-SPECT between the early and delayed images. Eight patients, Type 1, exhibited an unchanged distribution of IMP between the early and delayed images. Fifteen patients, Type 2, showed a smaller area of low uptake on the IMP-SPECT (delayed image) compared to that on the IMP-SPECT (early image)-redistribution. The Type 3 patients exhibited an initial uptake area on the IMP-SPECT (early image) which later became a lower uptake area on the IMP-SPECT (delayed image)-reversed redistribution. This type was further classified into three categories according to the initial uptake pattern including (a) Type 3A, 3 patients with increased uptake area, (b) Type 3B, 6 patients with normal uptake area, and (c) Type 3C, 6 patients with decreased uptake area. With Type 2, the epileptic findings on the present interictal electroencephalography (EEG) were shown in 11 of 15 patients. However, we could not find any other remarkable correlation among these 5 types and the clinical factors (the types of seizures, the X-CT findings, the present interictal EEG data, the present frequency of seizures, and the intervals from the last seizure). In 2 patients with Type 3B who suffered from simple partial seizures, a region of the normal distribution on the IMP-SPECT (early image) became a lower uptake area on the IMP-SPECT (delayed image), corresponding topologically to the ictal symptoms. In this experience, we determined that the IMP-SPECT (delayed image) could be useful in patients with the epileptic lesions unable to be detected on the IMP-SPECT (early image).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Prostaglandin D2 stimulates calcification of human osteoblastic cells.

Studies on prostaglandin (PG) regulation of bone formation and resorption metabolism have been complicated by the heterogeneity of the tissue, which involves the interaction between and the activities of two bone cell types, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In a simplified assay system using a cultured human osteoblastic cell line which has the capacity to form calcified tissue, we determined the effects of PGs on calcification. Of the PGs tested, PGD2 has a remarkable stimulatory activity on osteoblast calcification, but that the effective form is probably a metabolite, delta 12-PGJ2. This calcification function is not cAMP-mediated. PGD2 acts directly on osteoblast to cause stimulation of calcification.

Calcification, Physiologic↗
PubMed1989

Enhancement of preprotachykinin A gene expression by adjuvant-induced inflammation in the rat spinal cord: possible involvement of substance P-containing spinal neurons in nociception.

Effects of adjuvant-induced inflammation on the biosynthesis of substance P in the rat nervous system were examined by measuring the levels of mRNA encoding preprotachykinin A (PPT-A, the precursor protein of substance P). Following injection of adjuvant into the bilateral hind paws, the levels of PPT-A mRNA were significantly increased in the dorsal root ganglia at L4-L6 levels and the lumbar spinal cord, but not in the striatum, midbrain and medulla oblongata. After the unilateral injection of adjuvant which produced inflammation only in the injected hind paw, increase in the mRNA level was observed only on the treated side of the spinal cord. These results suggest that biosynthesis of substance P in the spinal and primary sensory neurons was increased by adjuvant-induced inflammation with hyperalgesia. Substance P-containing spinal neurons may be involved in processes related to pain.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Visualization of epileptic lesions using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with N-isopropyl-p-(123I) iodoamphetamine after intravenous loading of bemegride--report of a case].

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed 30 minutes and 4 hours after injection of 111 MBq (3 mCi) N-isopropyl-p-(123I) iodoamphetamine (IMP) which was injected 5 minutes after the completion of intravenous bemegride loading. A 31-year-old female with simple partial seizures evolving to complex partial seizures evolving to generalized tonic-clonic convulsive seizures with a history of hospitalization, suffering from low-grade fever, generalized convulsive seizures, and impaired consciousness at the age of 27 years was studied. Angiographic examinations, X-CT, MRI, CSF examinations, and interictal neurological examinations were normal. She suffered from clonic convulsions in her right shoulder and arm, and hallucinations and dysmnesia which were characteristic of temporal lobe epilepsy. More recently she suffered from impaired consciousness once or twice a month. While the controlled IMP-SPECT study was normal, the IMP-SPECT study examined after the activation by intravenous bemegride loading showed the pattern of a regional increased uptake of IMP in the epileptic lesions corresponding with the epileptic symptoms, and a surrounding border of decreased uptake which might be the inhibition of surrounding neuronal activity and metabolism. In conclusion, the bemegride loading IMP-SPECT study could be a potential diagnostic method in patients with seizures whose epileptic lesions were not determined by the conventional methods or in whom the surgical interventions were considered, by reason of its capability to demonstrate positively the epileptic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of glucagon and insulin on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity and blood ketone body ratio after partial hepatectomy in rats].

The effects of glucagon and insulin on liver nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity and blood ketone body ratio after rat partial (68%) hepatectomy were examined. Liver weight regeneration rate was enhanced by glucagon and insulin after 5th posthepatectomy day. The maximal value of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity without glucagon and insulin was revealed as 368 +/- 64 pmole/mg/min on 5 days after the hepatectomy. In contrast, the enzyme activity with glucagon and insulin reached to the peak value as 253 +/- 42 pmole/mg/min on 2 days after the hepatectomy. The amounts of DNA per nuclear protein showed similar changes with the changes of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activity after the hepatectomy. Blood ketone body ratio showed almost similar changes in both groups, except transitional decrease in the group without glucagon and insulin on 5th postoperative day. It is suggested that, to promote remnant liver regeneration, the combined therapy of glucagon and insulin may act directly to nucleic acid metabolism through the changes of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity and preserve energy charge level by the suppression of NAD consumption by massive poly(ADP-ribose) formation.

Animals↗