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Biomedical subjects

M Kawamura

Publications and source records attributed to M Kawamura.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A comparison of lisinopril with enalapril by monitoring plasma angiotensin II levels in humans.

The present study was designed to examine and compare the acute effects of lisinopril (20 mg) and enalapril (10 mg) after a single oral administration on the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in eight normal subjects. Serum concentration of lisinopril and enalaprilat, an active metabolite of enalapril, reached the respective maximal levels at 6 and 4 hr after administration of the drugs. At 24 hr, the serum concentration of lisinopril was higher than that of enalapril; thus the rate of disappearance of lisinopril was retarded, in comparison to that of enalapril. The reduction of serum angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activity was consistent with the pattern of increase of concentration of the drugs in the serum. However, with these two drugs, the concentration of plasma ANG II was decreased in a similar manner, and it returned to the pretreatment level within 24 hr. Thus, there was no significant difference in ANG II levels throughout the 24 hr-study between the lisinopril and enalapril treatment. The results indicate that a single administration of 20 mg lisinopril and 10 mg enalapril show similar potency for lowering the circulating ANG II level, although lisinopril exerts a more sustained inhibition of serum ACE activity. The measurement of ANG II provides useful informations for evaluating the efficacy of ACE inhibitors for the inhibition of circulatory RAS.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[T cell blastogenesis in stored blood can induce GVHD in open heart surgery].

We studied T cell blastogenesis in stored blood during the preservation time within 7 days. Blood samples were obtained from 8 adults and stored at 4 degrees C immediately after donation with CPD (citrate-phosphate-dextrose) for 3,5 and 7 days. After each intervals, mitogenic responses of T cells from the samples in the presence of an optimal dose of PHA as a mitogen and MLR (mixed lymphocyte reaction) with lymphocytes prepared by 2000 rad radiation from other 10 donors as stimulating cells were investigated. The stimulation index (S.I.) of PHA as a responsibility of the stored blood was decreasing to 86.7 +/- 24.8%, 44.2 +/- 12.5% and 31.2 +/- 11.1% in proportion of that of fresh blood after 3, 5 and 7 days preservation. The S.I. of MLR were in the same way decreasing to 92.5 +/- 21.8%, 45.9 +/- 9.8% and 33.3 +/- 10.1% after that. These observations suggest that lymphocytes in stored blood within 7 days are able to induce GVHD (graft-versus-host disease) in open heart surgery of which immunological activity is thought to be decreased by extra-corporeal circulation. We concluded that the stored blood within 7 days should be irradiated to 1500 rad or more in order to prevent GVHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Diffuse gallium-67 uptake in radiation pneumonitis.

To evaluate the clinical usefulness of Ga-67 imaging for the assessment of radiation pneumonitis, 12 patients who had developed radiation pneumonitis after receiving radiotherapy alone for non-small-cell lung cancer from 1979 through 1988 were reviewed. Diffuse bilateral Ga-67 uptake occurred in 5 out of the 12 cases; in the other 7 cases, Ga-67 uptake was confined to the irradiation lung. Conversely, chest radiography showed infiltrates only in the irradiated lung. Histopathology of the lung in four out of the five cases that showed diffuse Ga-67 uptake in the lung, however, revealed that the lung outside the radiation field with Ga-67 uptake was consistent with interstitial pneumonitis induced by radiation. These results suggest that radiation pneumonitis could extend beyond the irradiated lung and that Ga-67 imaging is more useful than chest radiography for the assessment of the spatial extent of radiography pneumonitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Intracellular formation and release of angiotensins from juxtaglomerular cells.

Evidence accumulates that intrarenal angiotensin II (Ang II) plays important roles in the regulation of renal functions. To determine the mechanism and site of the intrarenal formation of Ang II, we employed histochemical, cell biological and ex vivo perfusion methods. Immunohistochemical studies have revealed the co-existence of renin and Ang II in juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, and electron microscopic studies and subcellular organelle fractionation have demonstrated the localization of renin and angiotensin in renin granules. Cloned and cultured renin-containing cells derived from rat kidney were also found to contain renin, ACE, and Ang I and Ang II. The subcellular fractionation of renin granules from rat kidney homogenate demonstrated the presence of Ang I and Ang II in the renin granule fractions. The findings suggest the formation of both angiotensins in JG cells. To study the release of Ang I and Ang II, we determined the release of these peptides from isolated rat kidney perfused with Krebs-Ringer buffer at a constant pressure. Release of both peptides was stable for as long as two hours in the absence of angiotensinogen in the perfusion medium. There was a positive correlation between renin secretion rate and Ang I secretion rate, and also between Ang I secretion rate and Ang II secretion rate. Since the perfusate does not contain angiotensinogen, these results lead to the hypothesis that Ang II is formed in JG cells in the kidney and is directly secreted with renin into plasma or the interstitial fluid, and that Ang II formed in the kidney cells may participate in various renal functions along with Ang II produced in the plasma.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1990

[Two cases of ataxic sensory neuropathy associated with silicosis].

Two patients of ataxic sensory neuropathy associated with silicosis were studied. Case 1 is a 53-year-old (in 1979) man who was a stonecutter for 40 years and diagnosed as silicosis in 1973. Case 2 is a 64-year-old (in 1984) man who was a glasscutter for 30 years and had been treated for silicosis from 1980 to 1982. Both patients developed dysesthesias in the hands, feet and face asymmetrically and gait ataxia over a few months. Vibratory and joint position senses were profoundly diminished but were accompanied by only mildly decreased pain and temperature sensations. Their muscle power was almost unchanged. Both had absent muscle power was almost unchanged. Both had absent muscle stretch reflexes. Sensory nerve conduction velocities were absent and motor nerve studies were almost normal. Nerve biopsy in case 2 showed a severe loss of large myelinaed fibers, and no inflammatory infiltrates and onion bulb formations. Although these findings suggested the carcinomatous neuropathy, we could not find any malignancy. Both patients had elevated polyclonal gamma-globulin levels and rheumatoid factors and, in case 2 an increase of IgG in serum. Cerebrospinal fluid showed an albumino-cytogenic dissociation and steroid therapy was successful in both patients. Case 1 died of pneumonia in 1989. Though an autopsy was not performed, his condition had continued to improve without signs of malignancy during 10 years. The condition of case 2 has also continued to improve, although ataxias remain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ataxia↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of glucagon on bile acid after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis].

Hepatic function frequently becomes worse, after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis. We usually use insulin and glucagon to treat patients with poor hepatic function, so we examined hepatic function in these patients in relation to bile acid metabolism. 1) Total serum bile acid levels were increased in patients with cirrhosis, and serum GCDCA, TCDCA values were especially high. After surgery, they rose even higher. 2) Glucagon was shown to stimulate C-AMP and decreased total serum bile acid, and especially serum GCDCA and TCDCA values.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1990

[Acute myeloblastic leukemia associated with 46, XY, del(5)(q22)].

A 38-year-old male admitted to the Internal Medicine of Surugadai Nihon University Hospital, complaining of general fatigue and throat pain. The laboratory examinations revealed leukocytosis (83, 900/microliters) and an appearance of myeloblasts (90.2%) in the peripheral blood. The nucleated cell count was 56 x 10(4)/microliters with 85.5% myeloblasts in bone marrow. He was diagnosed as acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Though he received two courses of combination chemotherapy with daunorubicin, BH-AC, 6 MP and prednisone, one course of combination with mitoxantrone, etoposide and cytosine arabinoside and one course of combination with aclarubicin cytosine arabinoside and prednisone, he could not achieved remission. A chromosome analysis revealed 46, XY del(5)(q22). The amount of DNA fragments hybridized to 4.5 Kb v-fms probe in blastoid cells was approximately a half amount of normal persons. It is not defined the relationship between the decrease of fms and leukemia in this case. He was diagnosed de novo AML, since he had not been received the therapy with potential mutagenic and carcinogenic agents and had not been exposed the irradiation on his works.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[High deposition rate of aluminum in tissues in diabetic hemodialysis patients].

Aluminum (Al) accumulation in bone is a serious problem in patients on hemodialysis. We studied deferoxamine infusion test (DFO test) in 14 diabetic patients on hemodialysis (HDDM) and 23 hemodialysis patients originated from glomerulo nephritis (HDCGN) to determine whether Al accumulation is different between the two groups or not. There was no difference in hemodialysis duration and total oral intake of Al containing drugs between two groups. Serum C-terminal parathyroid hormone (C-PTH) in HDDM was lower than that in HDCGN group (1.82 +/- 1.30 vs. 3.80 +/- 1.82 ng/ml; P less than 0.01). However serum Al (s-Al) levels were comparable (61.9 +/- 53.0 vs, 45.0 +/- 32.3 micrograms/l). A significant correlation was observed between duration of dialysis period and s-Al in HDDM (r = 0.806, p less than 0.01), but in HDCGN, the relation was not significant. The patients in HDDM whose cumulative aluminum intake was less than 2.0 kg showed the higher serum A1 concentrations before DFO and greater increases in s-Al after DFO test, as compared with those in HDCGN with matched aluminum intake (93.8 +/- 67.6 vs. 35.9 +/- 23.6 micrograms/l; p less than 0.001 and 141.2 +/- 81.8 vs. 70.3 +/- 41.1 micrograms/l; p = 0.035). These results indicate that in uremic diabetic patients with lower intake of Al containing drugs, an early accumulation of Al in the whole body occurs possibly because of the enhanced absorption rate of Al at an intestine and/or the low PTH level.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical effect of terodiline hydrochloride on pollakisuria and urinary incontinence].

Efficacy and safety of terodiline hydrochloride were studied by treating 38 patients who complained of pollakiuria and incontinence with this drug. Terodiline hydrochloride in a dose of 24 mg once or 12 mg twice a day was administered to these patients for 4 weeks and the conditions of the patients before and after the treatment were evaluated. According to the subjective symptoms, pollakisuria during the daytime and at night, incontinence, anischuria at night and frequency of urination were all reduced significantly. Objective symptoms detected after the treatment a tendency of increase (p less than 0.1) in the bladder volume at the time of maximum micturition. However, no change in the urination volume and the maximum urine flow was observed before and after the administration. A significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in residual urine was noted after the treatment. The results were favorable with overall improvement of 78.4% and efficacy of 75.7%. Side effects were observed in 3 of the 38 cases (7.9%), but all the symptoms were slight.

Adult↗