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Biomedical subjects

M Kaufmann

Publications and source records attributed to M Kaufmann.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Testing the resistance of human tumor and bone marrow cells to cytostatic agents].

Using a short term incubation cell culture method with incorporation of radioisotopes the effect of cyclophosphamide and adriamycin to carcinoma cells and at the same time to bone marrow cells of the same patients has been evaluated in vitro. Instead of cyclophosphamide, ineffective in vitro, 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide was tested. In case of the tumor cells innate as well as drug-induced resistances are obtained in vitro. Different resistance behavior of tumor and bone marrow cells to cyclophosphamide and adriamycin may indicate therapeutic results to be expected in vivo. Simultaneous in vitro resistance testing of tumor and normal cells offers the possibility of better characterization of tumor and host.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Immunodiagnostic aspects of breast cancer (author's transl)].

In 39 patients with breast cancer and in 38 female controls the leucocyte adherence was tested in glass tubes in the presence of a series of extracts of breast cancer and control tissues. It was shown that the adherence of leucocytes of patients with operable carcinoma of the breast (stage I/II) is selectively inhibited by extracts from breast cancer tissues. Leucocyte adherence inhibition tests could thus become important for immunodiagnostics.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Selective inhibition of leukocyte adherence in women with breast cancer using a variety of tissue extracts.

Leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) tests for the assessment of tumor immunity in vitro have been based on the assumption that the adherence of the leukocytes is inhibited by specific interaction with an antigenic tumor extract. However, loss of leukocyte adherence could depend on several non-immunological factors including disease state of the leukocyte donor and the presence of a variety of agents, proteins or tissue extracts. We have studied LAI , therefore, using different species and concentrations of serum protein or tissue extracts. Our results show that leukocytes from patients with a variety of diseases adhere to glass in a rather consistent fashion. High concentrations of serum protein or tissue extract inhibited leukocyte adherence. 39 breast cancer patients and 38 female controls were studied with a total of 23 solubilized extracts from breast carcinoma, other tumor and non-tumor tissues. Breast cancer patients showed selective LAI in the presence of 200 microgram per test tube of several breast carcinoma extracts.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1978

[Fetal damage due to mushroom poisoning with amanita phalloides during the first trimester of pregnancy (author's transl)].

A 25-year old para II suffered of mushroom poisoning by amanita phalloides at 9 weeks gestation. When the life threatening maternal illness was overcome a therapeutic abortion was carried out at 12 weeks gestation. Prostaglandin F2 alpha was injected retro-amniotically. The damage to the fetus by the toxins of amanita phalloides is described and discussed.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1978

[Short-term incubation in vitro with precursors of nucleic acids on human primary tumors and metastases of carcinoma of the breast (author's transl)].

A technique of short-term tests in vitro by means of the incubation of tumor cell suspensions is utilized as a radioactive-biochemical method for pretherapeutic determination of the resistance in human cancers of the breast. Cell suspensions from primary tumors and metastases reveal individually different responses to cytostatics in vitro. It is possible, therewith, to differentiate two tumor collectives related to in vivo resistant or in vivo sensitive tumors. The responses of the primary lesion and the axillary lymphatic metastasis of the same carcinoma may in single cases also differ in vitro, according to clinical experience with the therapy of breast cancer. A distinct relation can be shown between the histological type of a carcinoma and its in vitro capacity of resistance.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1977

Immunomorphological lymph node changes in patients with operable bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma.

Histological changes in tracheobronchial and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes of patients with operable (i.e. stages T1/2, N0/1, M0) bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma were examined histometrically. Out of 29 patients, 10 survived less than 12 months and 19 lived longer than two years after surgery. Quantitative methods were employed for measuring structural changes in lymph node sections at the histological and cellular level. The following parameters reflecting both cellular and humoral immune responses correlated with survival: relative numbers of large lymphoid cells and mitotic figures in the paracortical ("thymus-dependent") area; volume of the follicular (predominantly B-cell) cortex; and volume of germinal centers. Pronounced accumulation of histiocytes or dust-loaded macrophages in the paracortex and presence of "empty" lymph sinusoids (i.e. without sinuhistiocytosis) correlated inversely with survival. In addition to the theoretical importance and considerations of a documented immune response, such data could help in identifying high risk groups within the same stage of bronchogenic carcinoma of a given type.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1977

[Correlation between immuno-morphological parameters of regional lymph nodes and the mortality of patients with stage I and II bronchial squamos cell carcinoma].

Histological changes in tracheobronchial and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes of patients with operable (i.e. stages T 0/2, N 0/1, M0) bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma were examined histometrically. Out of 29 patients 10 survived less than 12 months and 19 lived longer than two years after surgery. Quantitive methods were employed for measuring structural changes in lymph node sections at the histological and cellular level. The following parameters reflecting both cellular and humoral immune responses correlated with survival: relative numbers of large lymphoid cells and mitotic figures in the paracortical "thymus dependent") area; volume of the follicular (predominantly B-cell) cortex and volume of germinal centers. Pronounced accumulation of histiocytes or dust-loaded marcrophages in the paracortex and presence of "empty" lymph sinusoids (i.e. without sinushistiocytosis) correlated inversely with survival. Besides the theoretical importance and considerations of a documented immune response, such data could help in identifying high risk groups within the same stage of bronchogenic carcinoma of a given type.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1976

Clinical correlates of in vitro effect of adriamycin on advanced lung carcinoma.

The effect of 1.38 X 10(-5) M adriamycin on tritiated uridine incorporation was studied after 3 hours treatment of suspensions of 25 advanced human lung carcinomas in vitro. The results were correlated with the responses to clinical therapy. All tumours which showed an inhibition of uridine incorporation in vitro of more than 40% were also sensitive to clinical treatment with adriamycin.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1976

[Primary combined chemotherapy following removal of an endodermal sinus tumor or yolk-sac tumor of the ovary (author's transl)].

The yolk-sac tumor or endodermal sinus tumor is a rare but highly malignant ovarian teratoma with its highest incidence in young women. The tumor is relatively resistant to radiotherapy but sensitive to combined chemotherapy and should therefore be differentiated in the diagnosis from embryonal carcinoma and radio-sensitive dysgerminomas of the ovary. It is possible that the determination of alpha-fetoprotein is of differential diagnostic value. Two patients are alive and well 8 months and 2 1/2 years following removal of a yolk-sac tumor and primary chemotherapy. One patient received chemotherapy for peritoneal recurrence after removal of the tumor and radiotherapy. She died 1 1/2 years following the primary operation. Long term chemotherapy of the yolk-sac tumor is indicated following operation, irrespective of the stage of the tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Disorders of glucose tolerance in 2600 histologically confirmed acute and chronic liver patients (author's transl)].

Oral glucose tolerance tests (100 g glucose) and the intravenous tolbutamide test were carried out. The glucose tolerance was seen to be disordered even in acute infectious hepatitis, but returning to normal when cured. If chronic hepatitis develops, however, the proportion of manifest diabetes increases to 7.2% in chronic persistent hepatitis and to 16.3% in chronic progressive hepatitis, while 30% each have latent diabetes. The glucose tolerance is most impaired in fatty liver (stage III) and in active cirrhosis of the liver with portal hypertension, where more than half of all patients present manifest or latent diabetes. Conversely, glucose tolerance improves even in chronic hepatitis and in cirrhosis of the liver as the inflammatory activity subsides. The main cause for the development of "liver diabetes" is therefore likely to be the activity of the inflammatory process, the extent of portal hypertension, disorders of glucose regulation in the liver and the increased insulin inactivation in the cirrhotic liver.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

[Early carcinoma of the stomach in Europe (author's transl)].

In a retrospective study of 317 816 gastroscopies between 1968 and 1973, the incidence of early carcinoma of the stomach was assessed. Among 18 887 gastric carcinomas there were 1170 early carcinomas. The most frequent kind was one of mucosal changes with defect (types II c and III according to the Japanese classification). 47% of early carcinomas were located in the lesser curvature. The diagnosis was made by biopsy in 90% of cases. The correctness of biopsy was proportional to the number of biopsies per lesion. Adding cytological examination to biopsy decreased the number of false-negative results by 30%. In most cases the history was non-specific. But in 70 patients (16%) over 40 years gastro-intestinal bleedings were the reason for endoscopic examination and led to the diagnosis of early carcinoma.

Adult↗