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Biomedical subjects

M Kanda

Publications and source records attributed to M Kanda.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Immunocytochemical markers of uncommon pancreatic tumors. Acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, and solid cystic (papillary-cystic) tumor.

Nine acinar cell carcinomas of the pancreas, 2 pancreatoblastomas, 16 solid-cystic (papillary-cystic) tumors, and 20 ductal adenocarcinomas were immunocytochemically investigated using antisera against four pancreatic enzymes (alpha-amylase, lipase, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen), four pancreatic hormones, neuron specific enolase (NSE), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CA 19-9. Lipase, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen, but no alpha-amylase were detected in all acinar cell carcinomas and pancreatoblastomas. In contrast, solid-cystic tumors (SCT) were negative for pancreatic enzymes but 2 of 16 stained with NSE. No neuroendocrine granules or pancreatic hormones could be demonstrated. AAT was found in all tumors except ductal adenocarcinomas, which stained with CEA and CA 19-9. The study established pancreatic enzymes (except alpha-amylase) as immunocytochemical markers for acinar cell carcinomas and pancreatoblastomas. There is as yet no marker specific for SCT, which would elucidate the obscure histogenetic origin and phenotypic differentiation of these tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Spectrum of double outlet right ventricle induced by electrical shock at the conotruncus of the embryonic chick heart: emphasis on cellular changes and evaluation of hemodynamics using Doppler.

Administration of electrical shock to the conotruncal area of embryonic chicks at developmental stage 24-27 induced a complex malformation, namely, double outlet right ventricle (DORV) of varying degrees of severity. The device used to apply electrical current to the heart was constructed using a 9-volt battery, a push-button switch, and a 100-ohm potentiometer with calibrated dial. This allowed a short pulse of known voltage to be applied through the electrodes to a selected area of the heart. Two different methods were chosen to administer electrical shock at the conotruncal area of the heart. One method utilized longitudinal application of electrical shock, and the other used horizontal application of electrical shock directly to the conotruncus. Three distinct types of DORV were found in the longitudinal (L) and the horizontal (H) electrical shock groups: 1) DORV without a ventricular septal defect (VSD), in which the dilated sinus of Valsalva of the aortic valve extends into the right ventricle. 2) DORV with a subaortic VSD, with variable degrees of pulmonary stenosis and a hypoplastic left ventricle. 3) DORV with a subpulmonic VSD, pulmonic stenosis and a hypoplastic right ventricle. Longitudinal stimulation produced a higher incidence of cardiovascular anomalies than horizontal stimulation (p = 0.01). Histological examination showed complete disappearance of myocardial fibers, myocardial degeneration, and the aggregation of protein material or glycogen within myocardial cells. Our Doppler findings demonstrate that relative to control embryos, peak velocity initially increased 3 minutes after electrical stimulation (p less than 0.01), and subsequently decreased significantly within 30 minutes (p less than 0.01). One may hypothesize that the marked initial increase of peak velocity was induced by tissue damage, which led to a narrowing of the conotruncal outflow tract. Evidence for contruncal narrowing was also reflected in percent window data (% W), which indicates the level of turbulence within a vessel. However, the decrease of peak velocity 30 minutes after stimulation might be caused by myocardial damage resulting in a diminished cardiac output. The relationship between cell death processes in the conotruncal area and DORV spectrum induced by electrical shock is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Purification and properties of the aromatic amino acid aminotransferase from gramicidin S-producing Bacillus brevis.

The aromatic amino acid aminotransferase was purified to a homogenous state from a gramicidin S-producing strain of Bacillus brevis. The enzyme shows a molecular weight of about 71,000 on gel-filtration. The subunit molecular weight is about 35,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, indicating that the enzyme is a dimer. The enzyme exhibits absorption maxima near 425 and 330 nm at neutral pH. One mole of pyridoxal phosphate is bound per subunit. The enzyme has amino donor specificity for aromatic amino acids, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-tryptophan, and utilizes 2-oxoglutarate as the amino acceptor. This enzyme activity was separated from both the aspartate aminotransferase activity and the branched chain amino acid aminotransferase activity by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Deaths in early phase of acute myocardial infarction and approaches for reducing the in-hospital and out-hospital case-fatality rates of the disease.

Shiritsu Asahikawa Hospital received a total of 922 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from 1961 through 1985. The numbers of AMI patients and deaths during 1981-1985 were 2.8 times and 2.3 times, respectively, those observed during 1971-1975. However, decreasing trends were noted in the overall and age-adjusted mortality due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) per population of 100,000 Asahikawa residents between 1975 and 1984, suggesting a discrepancy between our CCU data and the city's records. We investigated the prehospital condition, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and the mechanism of early deaths in patients hospitalized with AMI. It was found that the increase of AMI patients admitted to our hospital was due to an increase in the hospitalization rate of AMI patients and the establishment of the coronary care unit (CCU) which allowed the admittance of patients who might have been declared dead out-of-hospital in the past. On the other hand, the declining trends in IHD mortality in the entire city of Asahikawa were attributable to reductions in the in-hospital and out-of-hospital fatality rates of patients with AMI, to improved hospital fatality rates of patients with AMI, and to improved survival rates in AMI patients who developed ventricular fibrillation (Vf) or who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest episode. In order to further decrease the case-fatality rate of patients with AMI, it is essential to continuously educate residents on emergency treatment to be given at the onset of AMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Smoldering adult T-cell leukemia complicating severe respiratory failure--an autopsy case report].

An autopsy case of smoldering adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is presented. 67 year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever, cough and increasing dyspnea on October 2, 1985. Laboratory findings revealed high LDH, azothermia and slightly leukocytosis with low percentage of flower cells. CRP was strongly positive. Gas disturbance was markedly. Anti-ATLA antibody using indirect immunofluorescence method was X40 positive. Subsets of peripheral lymphocytes showed OKT 4 dominant. (OKT 3; 67.5%, OKT4; 60.6%, OKT8; 8.8%). A chest X-ray film revealed cardiomegaly and fine granular shadows in bilateral lower pulmonary fields. Diagnosis of interstitial pneumonitis was defined in transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimen. O2 therapy, steroid therapy added antibiotics were ineffective, respiratory failure and renal failure were progressive, she died by septic shock in 39th hospital days. In autopsy, no characteristic histological changes of ATL were found in lymph node, bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidney and lung. Sepsis was the cause was of death. Finally this case diagnosed smoldering ATL and pulmonary fibrosis due to bronchial ectasia with repeated pulmonary bacterial infections. The pulmonary complications of patients with ATL were discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Two cases of unresectable pancreatic cancer responding to combined chemotherapy with cisplatin, PSK and UFT].

Two patients who had unresectable pancreatic cancer were treated with a combined chemotherapy using Cisplatin, PSK and UFT. A remarkable decrease of tumor size was observed on CT. These two cases corresponded to partial response (PR) according to the response criteria proposed by Koyama-Saitoh. No significant side effects were observed during this therapy. From the results in these two cases, this combination chemotherapy was considered to be one of the most effective antineoplastic therapies available for pancreatic cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

[A rare autopsy involving primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast showing a very rapid and aggressive clinical course].

A rare autopsy case of a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is reported. A 74-year-old Japanese woman, suffering from a left axillary nodule, underwent a radical mastectomy in May, 1986. The histopathological diagnosis had revealed a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast with a small area that indicated a solid tubular carcinoma. The patient, however, died four months later after a very rapid and aggressive metastasis of the tumor cells to her various organs. The autopsy revealed the presence of metastatic tumor cells in the systemic organs including the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, the bone marrow, and in the whole gastrointestinal tract. Histopathologically, the metastatic tumor cells in these organs were composed of squamous cell carcinoma solely, without tubular formation, showing a remarkable keratinization and mitotic activity. The histogenesis and the nature of the squamous cell carcinoma of the breast are briefly discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Cytoplasmic microfilaments in endothelial cells of flow loaded canine carotid arteries.

To observe cytoplasmic microfilaments in the endothelial cells of flow-loaded arteries, an arteriovenous shunt was constructed between the common carotid artery and the external jugular vein in 26 dogs. After measuring the flow rates of the arteries, the endothelial layer was examined ultrastructurally with a transmission electron microscope at three different times: 1 week (acute experiments), 2-4 weeks (subacute experiments), and 4-7 months (chronic experiments). Six-to seven-nanometer microfilaments were found forming bundles, which usually ran longitudinally along the long axis of the vessel. In the acute experiments, the bundles increased in the endothelial cells of the flow-loaded arteries. They showed incomplete striation and were mostly located close to the basal cell membrane. In the subacute experiments, they showed an increase with the development of cross-striation. The half-desmosomal structure of the basal cell membrane had developed a close connection to the bundles. In the chronic experiments, the bundles were especially conspicuous around the intercellular junction. Tennanometer microfilaments increased in the endothelial cells of the flow-loaded artery in the subacute and chronic experiments. We consider that the bundles of 6- to 7-nm microfilaments might be structures developed to combat wall shear stress corresponding to actin filament stress fibers.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1985

Suicidal carbon monoxide inhalation of exhaust fumes. Investigation of cases.

The inhalation of automobile exhaust gases is a relatively frequent suicidal method. Two such cases of special interest to forensic pathology and toxicology have been introduced. In case 1, a suicide note disclosed the victim's mental state, the inside conditions of the car, and toxic effects of automobile exhaust. In case 2, a reconstruction experiment has revealed important factors for the investigation of the scene, such as the size of a vinyl hose, the conditions of connecting site of the hose with the exhaust pipe, etc.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Endothelial surface of the blood flow loaded canine carotid artery. A scanning and transmission electron microscopical study.

In order to study the ultrastructural changes of the endothelial surface induced by blood flow change, an arterio-venous shunt was constructed between the common carotid artery and the external jugular vein in 10 dogs. Blood flow rate was measured before anastomosis, after anastomosis, and after 1 week. After the final measurement (1 week), the arteries were fixed under normal pressure by 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and were examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Protrusion of nucleic parts of the endothelial cells, microvilli-like surface projections, and disturbance of pinocytotic vesicles predominated in the shunted arteries exposed to elevated blood flow. No significant ultrastructural changes could be defined in the intercellular junction of the endothelial cells which supported the increased permeability through the junction. It was suggested that the wall shear stress exerted a reactive change on the endothelial cells as well as a direct mechanical deformative effect in the endothelial plasma membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Growth hormone releasing factors in the brain and the gut: chemistry, actions, and localization.

Within the physiological range of other known releasing factors, human pancreatic tumor growth hormone releasing factor (hpGRF) is specific for GH release. Data concerning hpGRF action on cAMP and GH are consistent with the concept of cAMP acting as a second messenger for this releasing factor. hpGRF-stimulated GH release is Ca++ dependent. Exogenous hpGRF40 does not alter the interdigestive gastric motility or secretion of gastrin and motilin in dogs, while large doses of hpGRF stimulate somatostatin release into the hepatic portal blood of the rat. Significant GRF activity as determined by a rat pituitary perifusion system is confined within the median eminence and the arcuate nucleus, though detectable but insignificant GRF activity is present in other area of the hypothalamus and cortex in the rat. GRF activity is present in the ovine brain as well as in the gut. Both tissues contain large (between 4000-5000 daltons) and small (but possibly larger than 1000 daltons) m.w. GRF materials. GRF appears to be structurally different between species and more than one GRF may be present within the same species. One of the ovine brain peptides with GH-releasing activity was partially characterized as His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr- Lys-Arg-Try-Asn-Lys-Glu-Met- Ala-Lys--which is similar to rat GRF and porcine VIP having His at the N-terminus. Another peptide with GRF activity which eluted earlier on reverse phase HPLC and later on cation exchange chromatography has also been obtained in a pure form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1984

A comparative study of sulfhydryl groups required for the catalytic activity of gramicidin S synthetase and isoleucyl tRNA synthetase.

The sulfhydryl groups required for the catalytic activity of gramicidin S synthetase of Bacillus brevis and Escherichia coli isoleucyl tRNA synthetase were compared. In gramicidin S synthetase 2(GS 2), about four sulfhydryl groups react rapidly with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) or N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), and are essential for gramicidin S formation in the presence of gramicidin S synthetase 1 (GS 1). These sulfhydryl groups are protected against DTNB and NEM reactions by the preincubation of GS 2 with amino acid substrates in the presence of ATP and MgCl2, like the sulfhydryl groups that react rapidly with DTNB or NEM and are required for the catalytic activity of GS 1 and isoleucyl tRNA synthetase. In GS 2, GS 1, and isoleucyl tRNA synthetase, the sulfhydryl group that reacts rapidly with NEM and is required for the catalytic activity is involved in the amino acid binding as a thioester. In isoleucyl tRNA synthetase, it is suggested that isoleucine may be transferred from the isoleucine thioester enzyme complex to tRNA by a mechanism similar to that proposed for gramicidin S synthetase.

Amino Acid Isomerases↗
PubMed1984

On the histogenesis of experimental pancreatic endocrine tumors. An immunocytochemical and electron microscopical study.

In order to identify the early stage of the development of experimental pancreatic endocrine tumors, Wistar rats were treated with streptozotocin and nicotinamide. One to 11 months after the treatment, the pancreata were examined for neoplastic lesions, using immunocytochemistry and electronmicroscopy. The earliest changes consisted of focal adenomatous proliferation of small ducts, occasionally including endocrine cell clusters. They occurred in the same frequency throughout the whole period examined, regardless whether the pancreata contained tumors or not, and were also present, though in lower numbers, in controls. Immunocytochemistry revealed no true budding off of endocrine cells from ductular epithelium. Thus the histogenetic relationship of the ductal proliferations to the endocrine tumors remains unclear. The earliest tumors were recognized at the fourth month. At the eleventh month 31% of the animals beared tumors. Insulin-positive cells predominated in the tumors, followed by somatostatin-, glucagon- and PP-positive cells. The multihormonal appearance of the neoplasmas is well comparable with the findings in human insulinomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Siblings with carbamyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency.

This paper concerns with two autopsied cases of siblings who died from cerebral disturbances. In these patients hyperammonemia developed in the neonatal phase due to carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) deficiency. The patient in Case 1 was admitted 2 days after birth because of oliguria and vomiting. Hyperammonemia developed and she died on the 43rd day. In Case 2 hyperammonemia developed from the 2nd day after birth and she expired on the 42nd day. In both cases the diagnosis of CPS I deficiency was established from autopsy findings of the liver.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗