Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Kanayama.
A 78-year-old female with hepatocellular carcinoma and high serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen is reported. Using a immunohistochemical technique, CEA was demonstrated within the cytoplasm of the tumor cells.
A 56-year-old female with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) who developed autoimmune hepatitis is described. Hepatitis was controlled effectively by the corticosteroid therapy. Biopsy of the liver revealed swelling and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes, accompanied by Councilman's body formation and focal necrosis. These histological findings differ from those in three previously described cases. A relationship between MCTD and liver involvement appears possible.
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In this new procedure for determining the activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30; NAG) in urine, a new synthetic substrate, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide is used. No sample blank is required because the activity is determined kinetically. Very high precision is possible, with CVs of less than 3.8% both within-run and between-run. Glucose, ascorbic acid, bilirubin, bromosulfonphthalein, and phenosulfonphthalein do not interfere. The reference interval (mean +/- 2 SD) for healthy subjects was 1.9-11.1 U per gram of creatinine. NAG activity can be determined over a wide range (2-500 U/L) with high sensitivity. The method is suitable for use with various automated analyzers, and it should be useful for screening for renal diseases.
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An 83-year-old patient with advanced gastric cancer was given repeated endoscopic administration of OK-432 combined with systemic immunochemotherapy. The cancerous lesion gradually regressed following the treatment, and remarkable degeneration was observed in many tumor cells. Detailed immunohistochemical examination revealed that Leu 7-positive cells had markedly infiltrated the cancerous tissue. This finding suggests that NK cells may play an important role in tumor regression induced by intratumoral OK-432 therapy.
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Eighty-six asphyxiated full-term neonates with CNS complications such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, admitted during a 10-year period (1972-81), were studied. Sixty-three (73%) of the infants survived the neonatal period, and 55 of these, excluding one who died at 7 months, were followed for 3 to 13 years. Thirteen (24%) of these 55 children showed either major (n = 8) or minor (n = 5) abnormalities. The former had multiple significant handicaps such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy and mental retardation. The latter had mild sequelae that did not interfere with normal life. High risk factors of predictive value in infancy for the sequelae were the absence of the Moro reflex over 6 days and abnormal neurological signs on discharge (P less than 0.001, respectively). Although the neonatal mortality decreased slightly in the last four years (1978-81) compared to in the first and second three year periods (1972-74, 1975-77) (P less than 0.10), the unchanged pattern of the outcome over the 10 years might indicate the importance of more preventive and intensive care for perinatal asphyxia to reduce the incidence of handicapped children.
The lower limits of the "therapeutic range" for serum levels of sodium valproate (VPA) were evaluated in epileptic children showing a benign clinical course. Twenty-five outpatients, aged 5 to 16 years, whose seizures were well controlled over three years with VPA alone, were studied. Venous blood was taken 1.1 to 5 hrs after the morning dose. Serum VPA concentrations at steady-state after receiving the maintenance doses to control seizures were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The patients were divided into three groups according to the seizure type and the age at onset; A and B: patients with tonic and/or clonic seizures, aged below 3 yrs (n = 11) and 3 to 11 yrs (n = 6), respectively, C: those with absence seizures, aged 4 to 11 yrs (n = 8). The serum concentrations in A (47.8 +/- 21.6 micrograms/ml, mean +/- SD) were significantly (p less than 0.02) lower than those in groups B and C (85.2 +/- 14.0 and 73.0 +/- 17.4 micrograms/ml, respectively). VPA concentrations below 50 micrograms/ml were seen in 6 patients (55%) in group A. It was concluded that many epileptic children, whose ages at onset were below 3 yrs, with tonic and/or clonic seizures could be controlled even with low initial serum concentrations below the "therapeutic range".
Two sibs, a 13-year-old girl and an 11-year-old girl, with typical clinical features of the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are reported. High-resolution chromosome analysis showed the normal karyotype in the elder sister, and 46,X,del(X)(pter----q26.1:) in the younger sister. But an interstitial deletion of 15q was not detected in either of the cases. PWS is most probably an etiologically heterogeneous syndrome consisting of two subgroups, with partial deletion and non-deletion of chromosome 15, respectively.