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Biomedical subjects

M Kanayama

Publications and source records attributed to M Kanayama.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Psychological stress and educational effect during bedside practice on psychiatric nursing.

The aim of this study is to analyze the educational effect and the factors of psychological stress of bedside practice on psychiatric nursing. The subjects studied were 76 nursing students in a nursing college. They answered a questionnaire and underwent the STAI-test before and after the periods of their bedside practice during psychiatric nursing. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The awareness structure of the nursing students was composed of 6 factors, that is, anxiety and detestation factor, understanding and acceptance factor, social alienation factor, denial factor, affirmation factor and closed society factor. 2. The changes in their awareness were observed before and after the periods of bedside practice. 3. The STAI-test showed that the nursing students frequently complained of anxiety before the bedside practice because they had only studied about the psychoses. 4. The nursing students who had strong anxiety also showed a deep fear and detestation. 5. Some nursing students who had had a deep anxiety before the bedside practice found their anxiety reduced because of the direct contact with psychotic patients. 6. Although the nursing students had psychological stress, they were also interested in the psychiatric nursing.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The effects of rigid spinal instrumentation and solid bony fusion on spinal kinematics. A posterolateral spinal arthrodesis model.

STUDY DESIGN: Spinal kinematics after the implementation of rigid spinal instrumentation or the achievement of a solid fusion was studied using a sheep posterolateral spinal arthrodesis model. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of rigid spinal instrumentation or solid fusion on spinal kinematic parameters. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Numerous studies have attempted to define spinal instability in terms of kinematics. Recent in vitro studies have documented the neutral zone, or a measure of spinal laxity, as more sensitive to spinal instability than the range of motion. METHODS: Seven skeletally mature sheep underwent a single-level posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis using autologous bone graft augmented with transpedicular screw fixation. The animals were killed 4 months after surgery. The identical surgical procedures were performed in seven sheep cadaveric spines, which served as acute postoperative controls. Each functional spinal unit was tested biomechanically before and after hardware removal. The experimental control groups consisted of destabilized spines and spines that underwent transpedicular screw fixation alone, whereas the fusion groups included spines that underwent posterolateral fusion alone or posterolateral fusion with instrumentation. RESULTS: Rigid instrumentation and solid fusion significantly decreased the neutral zone and range of motion in all testing modes. In axial rotation and lateral bending, solid fusion reduced the range of motion significantly more than transpedicular screw fixation alone. However, in all testing modes, the neutral zones showed no statistical difference between transpedicular screw fixation alone and fusion groups. CONCLUSIONS: The range of motion was an equivalent or better indicator of fixation or fusion stability compared with the neutral zone. Moreover, the immediate postoperative fixation stability, even if using transpedicular screw fixation, was less than the stability present after a solid fusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Induction of asymmetrical type of chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes by ion beams of different energies at varying LET from HIMAC and RRC.

Frequencies of asymmetrical type of chromosome aberration were scored in cultured human blood lymphocytes irradiated with carbon and neon beams. Blood cells were irradiated with various doses to establish dose response curves for chromosome aberration frequency vs. dose, and chromosome preparation was made by conventional method. Dose response curves for the per cell frequencies of the dicentrics and centric rings as well as the excess amount of acentric fragments were described for 7 different qualities (LET = 22.4, 40.0, 41.5, 69.9, 70.0, 100.0 and 150 KeV/micrometer) of carbon and neon beams with three different energies, 135, 290 and 400 MeV/u. From the analysis of those dose response curves, the maximum effect was found in the region of LET value at near 70 KeV/micrometer together with linear expression in the response from all endpoints examined. The 135 MeV/u of carbons (69.9 KeV/micrometer) and neons(70.0 KeV/micrometer) showed linear response. The 290 MeV/u of carbons (100 KeV/m) and neons (150 KeV/micrometer) showed medium effects with different shape of response, linear with a plateau and upward concavity. The 2 carbon beams (41.5 and 40 KeV/micrometer) from 2 different accelerators showed much discrepancy in the response. RBE-LET relationship was also described by comparing the coefficient alpha of the 7 different dose responses. The peak (near 70 KeV/m) was localized close to that (80 KeV/m) for the survivals of dsb repair deficient cells (Eguchi-Kasai et al. 1998), but in different position from that previously reported in many other studies (100-200 KeV/mm). Identification of the RBEmax in the present study has yet to be definitive.

Carbon↗
PubMed1998

Hypocalcemic induced increase in creatine kinase in rats.

Calcium plays an important role in various myopathies. We report on an animal model with increased plasma creatine kinase (CK) resulting from hypocalcemia that will provide clues for studying human hypocalcemic myopathy. Male Wistar rats were pair-fed either a control or a calcium- and vitamin D3-deficient diet for 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5-6 weeks after weaning (3 weeks old). In the deficient diet-fed rats, plasma creatine kinase was increased and was accompanied by marked hypocalcemia. The omission of calcium and vitamin D3 from the diet for 1 or 2 weeks was enough to cause increased plasma creatine kinase; the creatine kinase ratio of deficient diet-fed rats to controls was 4.84 (1,777 IU L(-1)/367 IU L(-1)), and the calcium ion ratio was 0.41 (1.8 mg dL(-1)/4.4 mg dL(-1)) after 2 weeks. These values returned to control levels on treatment of the rats with the control diet and 1alpha-OH-vitamin D3 for 1 week.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Glutathione transport systems of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to have two kinetically distinguishable glutathione transport systems. While one with high affinity (GSH-P1; KT = 0.045 mM) was regulated, the other with low affinity (GSH-P2; KT > 2 mM) was not. GSH-P1 was highly specific to glutathione, and its activity was quickly lost by suspending the cells in buffer solutions. This activity loss was not observed if glucose-containing buffer was used. In addition, rho-isolates had only about one half of the glutathione transport activity of the original (rho+) strain. Therefore, it is concluded that GSH-P1 is an ATP-driven transport system. Strong and moderate inhibition of GSH-P1 by protonophores and ionophores, respectively, are attributed to competition for ATP between GSH-P1 and proton- and cation-pumps, respectively.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1997

Maturation of the posterolateral spinal fusion and its effect on load-sharing of spinal instrumentation. An in vivo sheep model.

UNLABELLED: We investigated the temporal relationship among the biomechanical, radiographic, and histological properties of a posterolateral spinal fusion mass to elucidate the changes in load-sharing of the spinal instrumentation and that of the fusion mass throughout the healing process. Destabilization of the posterior spinal column and transpedicular screw fixation at the segments between the third and fourth and the fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae was performed in twenty-four sheep. A posterolateral spinal arthrodesis with use of autologous corticocancellous bone graft was done randomly at one of the two segments; the other segment (without bone graft) served as the instrumented control. Six animals each were killed at four, eight, twelve, and sixteen weeks postoperatively. Biomechanical testing showed that the posterolateral fusion mass had increased mechanical stiffness after the fourth week. The strain on the hardware, measured with use of rods instrumented with strain-gauges, decreased significantly (p < 0.01) beginning at eight weeks. Radiographically, three independent observations of each of the six animals at each time-period showed that, although all of the fusion masses were considered solid unions at sixteen weeks, bridging of trabecular bone was noted during only ten of eighteen observations at twelve weeks, three of eighteen observations at eight weeks, and none of eighteen observations at four weeks. Computerized tomography and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated that mineralization in the fusion mass increased in a linear fashion even after eight weeks. Histologically, the fusion mass consisted predominantly of woven bone at eight weeks; thereafter, it was gradually trabeculated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We found a great discrepancy between biomechanical stability and histological maturation of the posterolateral fusion mass. The biomechanical properties of a stable spinal fusion preceded the radiographic appearance of a solid fusion by at least eight weeks, suggesting that immature woven bone provided substantial stiffness to the fusion mass. The spinal instrumentation was subjected predominantly to bending stress rather than to axial stress, and the load-sharing of the spinal instrumentation decreased concurrently with the development of the spinal fusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Improvements in mental and physical status of elderly patients with dementia after institutionalization--assessment with a minimum data set].

Using a Minimum Data Set, we studied how the mental and physical status of elderly people with dementia was modified by institutionalization. We assessed patients with dementia at the time of their admission in Kyoto Higashiyama geriatric hospital, and again three months later. On admission, both mental and physical problems were noted with a Resident Assessment Protocols. The former included cognitive loss/dementia, delirium, behavioral problem, activities, and mood state; the latter included visual function, activities of daily living (functional), urinary incontinence and indwelling catheter, nutritional status, dehydration/fluid maintenance, and dental care. Three months later, marked improvements were observed in 8 areas: delirium, psychological well-being, mood state, activities, urinary incontinence and indwelling catheter, nutritional status, dehydration/fluid maintenance and dental care. Cognitive loss/dementia and visual function were changed little. The unchanged areas were considered to be "core" manifestations of dementia, and those that changed were believed to reflect emotional problems and to be affected by the environment. Therefore, individualized care for elderly institutionalized patients with dementia should focus on these "peripheral" problems rather than on those that cannot be changed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

In vitro biomechanical comparison of multistrand cables with conventional cervical stabilization.

STUDY DESIGN: The biomechanical stability of six different methods of cervical spine stabilization, three using multistrand cables, were evaluated in a bovine model. OBJECTIVES: To quantify and compare the in vitro biomechanical properties of multistrand cables used for posterior cervical wiring to standard cervical fixation techniques. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Fixation of the posterior cervical spine with monofilament stainless steel wire is a proven technique for stabilization of the cervical spine. Recently, multistrand braided cables have been used as a substitute for monofilament stainless steel wires. These cables, made of stainless steel, titanium, or polyethylene, are reported to be stronger, more flexible, and fatigue resistant than are monofilament wire based on mechanical testing. However, no in vitro biomechanical studies have been performed testing a standard posterior cervical wiring technique using multistrand cables. METHODS: Thirty-six fresh frozen cervical calf spines consistent in size and age were mounted and fixed rigidly to isolate the C4-C5 motion segment. Six different reconstruction techniques were evaluated for Rogers' posterior cervical wiring technique using: 1) 20-gauge stainless steel monofilament wire, 2) stainless steel cable, 3) titanium cable, 4) polyethylene cables, 5) anterior locking plate construct with interbody graft, and 6) posterior plate construct. Six cervical spines were included in each group (n = 6), with each specimen statically evaluated under three stability conditions: 1) intact, 2) reconstructed, and 3) postfatigue. The instability model created before the reconstruction consisted of a distractive flexion Stage 3 injury at C4-C5. Nondestructive static biomechanical testing, performed on an material testing machine (MTS 858 Bionix test system, Minneapolis, MN), included axial compression, axial rotation, flexion-extension, and lateral bending. After reconstruction and static analysis, the specimens were fatigued for 1500 cycles and then statically retested. Data analysis included normalization of the reconstructed and postfatigue data to the intact condition. The calculated static parameters included operative functional unit stiffness and range of motion. RESULTS: Posterior cervical reconstruction with stainless steel monofilament wire proved inadequate under fatigue testing. Two of the six specimens failed with fatigue, and this construct permitted the greatest degree of flexion-extension motion after fatigue in comparison with all other constructs (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in flexural stiffness or range of motion between stainless steel, titanium, or polyethylene cable constructs before or after fatigue testing. The posterior cervical plate constructs were the stiffest constructs under flexion, extension, and lateral bending modes, before and after fatigue testing (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Multistrand cables were superior to monofilament wire with fatigue testing using an in vitro calf cervical spine model. There were no failures or detectable differences in elongation after fatigue testing between the stainless steel, titanium, and polyethylene cables, as shown by the flexion-extension range of motion. The posterior cervical plate construct offered the greatest stability compared with all other constructs.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Phase lag of the intersegmental motion in flexion-extension of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine. An in vivo study.

STUDY DESIGN: The lumbar and lumbosacral segmental motions were analyzed in vivo using cineradiographic method. OBJECTIVES: To reveal the in vivo motion behavior of the lumbar and lumbosacral segments and their contribution to the whole lumbar motion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Relation between the lumbar motion and hip joint motion has been well investigated. The lumbar motion preceded the hip flexion in forward bending and delayed from extension of the hip joints in backward bending. However, it remains unclear how the lumbar and lumbosacral segmental motion contributed to the whole lumbar motion in vivo. METHODS: Eight healthy male subjects participated in this study. The lower lumbar and lumbosacral motion (L3-S1) was recorded using cineradiography during flexion and extension. Each trunk motion was carried out from the neutral position to the maximum position. Segmental rotation and translation were measured sequentially at the L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 motion segments. RESULTS: Intersegmental motion lags were observed between the lumbar and lumbosacral motion segments during flexion. The lower lumbar and lumbosacral motion (L3-S1) was initiated at the L3-L4 motion segment. The L4-L5 segmental motion delayed from the L3-L4 motion by an average of 6 degrees and preceded the L5-S1 motion by an average of 8 degrees. In extension, motions in the L3-L4 and L4-L5 segments were small, and the L5-S1 segmental motion only contributed to the total lower lumbar motion. CONCLUSIONS: The lumbar and lumbosacral segmental motions occurred not simultaneously but stepwise from the upper level with intersegmental motion lags during flexion. These intersegmental motion lags were much larger than the neutral zone in vitro, which implied the neutral zone in vivo should be different from the neutral zone in vitro.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A mathematical expression of three-dimensional configuration of the scoliotic spine.

Three-dimensional configuration of the scoliotic spine was mathematically expressed by a spatial curve passing through each vertebral centroid ("vertebral body line"). Three-dimensional location of the vertebral centroid was determined from digitization on the frontal and sagittal roentgenograms. Cobb angle, which is clinically used for measuring scoliosis curvature, was calculated in space to evaluate scoliosis deformity three-dimensionally. In forty-five scoliotic spines, regardless of curvature and curve patterns, the spinal configurations were excellently approximated by vertebral body lines. Vertebral body lines swerved from the sagittal plane at the end vertebrae, but aligned on a certain plane within the scoliosis region. Three-dimensional Cobb angle, which was larger than that in the frontal plane, can be utilized to evaluate the scoliosis deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Recurrent histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease) in an human T lymphotropic virus type I carrier.

We describe a case of recurrent histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) with aseptic meningitis. The patient was a 46-year-old male and a carrier of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). The patient had a past medical history of at least three relapses of HNL. In addition, his sister, who was also an HTLV-I carrier, had recurrent clinical episodes consistent with those of HNL, suggesting familial HNL occurrence. This observation suggests the possibility that HTLV-I infection is relevant to the pathogenesis of HNL.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1995

A cineradiographic study on the lumbar disc deformation during flexion and extension of the trunk.

To reveal deformation behaviour of normal lumbar discs (L((3/4)), L((4/5)) andL(5)/S(1), the lumbar spines of eight asymptomatic volunteers were examined cineradiographically during flexion and extension of the trunk. Disc deformation could be evaluated by displacement of the superior corners of the disc, which were measured with respect to the upper surface of the adjacent lower vertebra. Furthermore the in-vivo strain distribution of each lumbar disc was analysed by the finite element method and in-vivo measurement of the disc deformation. During flexion, deformation of the lumbar disc increased rapidly after a certain delay from the start of trunk motion and reached maximum value before the finish of trunk motion. It was also confirmed that time lags were present between the onsets of disc deformation. Namely, each disc deformed not simultaneously but stepwise from the upper to the lower level with time lags during flexion. When the lower disc deformation started, the strain at the adjacent upper discs had already reached more than half of the value at full flexion. RELEVANCE: The present study revealed one of the phenomena of lumbar spinal kinematics, which will provide helpful information to clinical problems such as evaluation of spinal instability.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

[Ictal electroencephalographic recordings of patients with seizure].

We analyzed the ictal electroencephalographies (EEGs) in 75 seizures of 73 patients. Eighty percent of the patients were below the age of 20. The seizures consisted of 35 generalized seizures, 24 partial seizures and 16 pseudoseizures. The ictal EEG of true seizures showed changes with a spike in 23 cases, and change without spike (eg. rhythmic activity, desynchronization) in 32 cases. Four ictal records could not be evaluated due to artifacts. Because half of the patients with pseudoseizures also had epilepsy, their ictal EEG examinations were very useful. The ictal EEG examination could be performed successfully on 96% of the patients with a seizure frequency of more than six a day, 52% of them with one to five seizures a day and eleven percent of them with less than one seizure a day. Seventy-five percent of ictal EEG recordings were performed when the patient was awake. The cassette of electrodes, originally made in our department, was very useful in recording the ictal EEG of children when they were awake.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

West syndrome associated with porencephaly.

A 3-year-old boy with West syndrome who was shown to have a cystic lesion on magnetic resonance imagings underwent surgical treatment. He had been initially managed with several antiepileptic drugs, but abnormalities on electroencephalography (EEG) persisted. Histological examination of the cystic wall obtained during surgery suggested porencephaly. Two years and 2 months later the child remained seizure-free and his EEG remarkably improved.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1993

Hepatocellular carcinoma producing universal type of alkaline phosphatase.

We report on a 54-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with a marked elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Serum ALP was biochemically similar to that of universal (liver/bone/kidney) type. The noncarcinomatous area revealed typical micronodular cirrhosis due to excessive alcohol consumption. By histochemical staining, ALP activity was demonstrated diffusely within the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. Immunohistochemical observation of the carcinoma cells excluded the intestinal or placental type of ALP. Tissue extracts from the carcinomatous area had much higher ALP activities than those from a noncarcinomatous area, which also showed characteristics of the universal type. The present HCC is the first reported to produce and excrete the universal type of ALP.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

Clinical evaluation of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels in patients with liver diseases.

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels in plasma or serum were studied in 416 patients with liver diseases: acute hepatitis (AH, n = 30); fulminant hepatitis (FH, n = 36); chronic inactive hepatitis (CIH, n = 57); chronic active hepatitis (CAH, n = 39); compensated liver cirrhosis (cLC, n = 78); decompensated liver cirrhosis (dLC, n = 84); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 64); advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC, n = 28); and compared with that of a control group (n = 106) of healthy subjects. The t-PA levels showed significant increase in patients with AH, FH, CAH, cLC, dLC and HCC, compared with normal controls. The abnormal rates in t-PA levels (higher than 8.3 ng/ml) for each type of liver diseases were 86.1% in FH, 46.2% in CAH, 50% in cLC, 85.7% in dLC, 67.2% in HCC, and 89.3% in aHCC. t-PA levels tended to be higher in more advanced liver diseases. t-PA levels significantly correlated positively with plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in AH, cLC, dLC, HCC and aHCC, and negatively with plasmin alpha 1-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), plasminogen (Plg), FDP, AT III and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2-PI) in dLC, prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen (Fbg) in HCC. t-PA levels in patients with FH, CAH and dLC were significantly higher than those in patients with AH, CIH and cLC, respectively. Moreover, the changes of t-PA levels in the clinical courses of various liver diseases revealed that t-PA levels increased sensitively with progression of liver diseases or in advanced liver diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1991

A case with athetosis, mental retardation, deafness, and pachygyria.

A 6-year-old girl with pachygyria was presented. Regions of pachygiria were seen in the frontal, temporal, and parietal areas in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging. She showed athetosis, mental retardation, deafness, short stature, and microcephalus, but did not show epilepsy. A combination of these symptoms may be a new clinical entity, caused by undetermined prenatal events.

Athetosis↗