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Biomedical subjects

M Kaminski

Publications and source records attributed to M Kaminski.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Tumor cells are protected from NK-cell-mediated lysis by adhesion to endothelial cells.

We have examined the effect of various cell monolayers on the ability of mouse spleen cells to lyse tumor cell targets (natural cytotoxicity reaction). Natural killer (NK) cell activity was reduced by as much as 75% depending on the cell substrate, with the greatest protection afforded by endothelial cells. Cell adhesion to the underlying cell monolayer was directly correlated with the degree of protection from lysis. Since it has previously been shown that tumor cells manifest selective adhesion to endothelial cells from those organs to which they are likely to metastasize, the experiments suggest a means by which natural surveillance mechanisms might be circumvented during the metastatic process.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Follow-up study of psychological consequences of caesarean childbirth.

This study was the follow-up part of a survey of psychosocial consequences of caesarean delivery (J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynecol., 6 (1987) 197-209). Two groups of primiparous mothers were compared, one group of 103 mothers delivered by caesarean section and one control group of 103 mothers delivered by vaginal delivery. Semi-structured questionnaires were mailed at 2 months and 1 year after birth to explore the mothers' physiological and psychological condition and mother-infant adaptation. At 2 months, 92 mothers in the caesarean section group and 84 mothers in the control group returned a completed questionnaire. At one year there were, respectively, 79 and 71 in each group. The data indicated that the most obvious long-term psychological ill-effects of caesarean delivery appeared to be on mothers. They more often reported psychosomatic symptoms during first year than controls. At 2 months the concerns of caesarean mothers seemed more self-oriented than in the control group. They also felt less confident about their abilities to care for their babies. At 1 year these differences disappeared. Signs of disturbance in mother-infant interaction were not linked to the mode of delivery either at 2 months or at 1 year. The influence of the mode of anaesthesia for surgical delivery was also examined. The positive consequences of epidural analgesia which were observed are discussed taking into account the role of confounding variables.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Management of pregnancy and childbirth in England and Wales and in France.

This paper reviews national data on obstetric and neonatal practices in England and Wales, and in France between 1970 and 1980. The data have been derived from national statistics and surveys on national samples of births in 1970, 1975 and 1980 in England and Wales, and 1972, 1976 and 1981 in France. The analysis shows that there was no major difference in pregnancy outcome, but wide variations in medical practices, and their trend over time. The main differences were: in England and Wales a higher number of antenatal visits, a higher percentage of inpatient admissions during pregnancy, a higher rate of induction, more episiotomies, a higher rate of resuscitation at birth, and admission to neonatal special care units; in France, a higher rate of caesarean sections before and during labour, some evidence of a more active management of labour, and a longer hospital post-natal stay. These differences in practice reflect differences in objectives and assessment of the effectiveness of care between the two countries: they point out the need for better monitoring and evaluation of obstetric and neonatal practices.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1988

Angiogenesis induction by CD-4 positive lymphocytes.

Adult splenocytes from BALB/c mice, labeled with a monoclonal antibody directed against the L3T4 (CD-4) differentiation antigen, were sorted to obtain pure suspensions of this T-cell subset. When inoculated intradermally into irradiated, semi-allogeneic adult animals these cells were found to be the effector cells responsible for the lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis. The experiments demonstrate that the CD-4 lymphocyte subset is primarily or entirely responsible for this immune-mediated elicitation of the host neovascular reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Video display terminals and pregnancy. Evaluation of risks by consensus. Report of an INSERM working group].

INSERM established a working group to evaluate the effects of VDT work on pregnancy outcome. The group examined all available scientific papers concerning radiation emitted by VDTs, animal experimentation, and epidemiological studies. An estimation of risk was made for each outcome (congenital malformations, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, premature birth, and low birthweight) according to a decisional algorithm, a method that gives preponderance to epidemiological arguments. On this basis, the group was able to show that the use of VDTs poses no increased risk of congenital anomalies, stillbirth, or premature birth. Consensus evaluation of divergent epidemiological results concluded that VDT work is not a risk factor significantly affecting spontaneous abortions. The risk of low birthweight could not be validly assessed.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1987

Fibrinogen-sepharose interaction with prothrombin, prethrombin 1, prethrombin 2 and thrombin.

Binding of prothrombin, prethrombin 1, prethrombin 2 and thrombin to fibrinogen-Sepharose was studied. Thrombin and prethrombin 2 bound to fibrinogen-Sepharose, while prethrombin 1 and prothrombin did not. Bound thrombin and prethrombin 2 were recovered from the column by eluting with 0.1 M NaCl/0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4). The affinity of thrombin and prethrombin 2 to fibrinogen-Sepharose depended on ionic strength and reached a maximum at 50 mm concentration. Prethrombin 2 interacts with fibrinogen as well as thrombin; and prothrombin fragment 1.2 is not important in the formation of this complex. Thus, prethrombin 2, which is a precursor of thrombin without measurable enzymatic activity and which lacks the single cleavage at Arg-322-Ile-323 present in thrombin, has the same or very similar structural conformation as thrombin and has the same macromolecular substrate recognition site. These results confirm the earlier results that active center is not necessary in fibrinogen-thrombin interaction.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Inhibited thrombins. Interactions with fibrinogen and fibrin.

Fibrin-monomer-Sepharose was used to study thrombin binding to fibrin and the role of the enzyme active centre in this interaction. Binding properties of preformed enzyme-inhibitor complexes, as well as inhibition of thrombin already adsorbed to fibrin monomer, were investigated. No apparent difference was found in binding properties of phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride-, D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl- and dansylarginine NN-(3-ethylpentane-1,5-diyl)amide-inhibited thrombins. Also, the elution profile of phenylmethane-sulphonyl fluoride-inhibited thrombin from fibrinogen-Sepharose was identical with that of active thrombin from fibrin-monomer-Sepharose. Thus far the only low-Mr inhibitor that prevents thrombin from binding to fibrin monomer is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Preformed hirudin-thrombin complexes do not interact with fibrin. The extent to which the active centre of thrombin associated with fibrin is still accessible to substrates and inhibitors was also studied. Thrombin bound to fibrin hydrolyses a synthetic substrate at the same rate as the free enzyme. Water-soluble low-Mr inhibitors such as D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl and dansylarginine NN-(3-ethylpentane-1,5-diyl)amide can readily modify the active centre of the fibrin-associated enzyme, and the active centre is exposed to the degree that displacement of dansylarginine NN-(3-ethylpentane-1,5-diyl)amide by D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl is possible without disturbing the binding. Hirudin disrupts the affinity between thrombin and fibrin. These data indicate that the active centre of thrombin associated with fibrin through extended binding is fully exposed and freely accessible. It is possible that extended binding may play a regulatory role in the activation of Factor XIII by thrombin, as well as inactivation of this enzyme by antithrombin III.

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones↗
PubMed1987

Specificity of adhesion between murine tumor cells and capillary endothelium: an in vitro correlate of preferential metastasis in vivo.

We have compared the rate and extent of adhesion of various types of mouse tumor cells to endothelial cells derived from different organ sources. Our panel of tumors has included sarcoma, bladder carcinoma, glioma, teratoma, hepatoma, endothelioma, mammary adenocarcinoma, and lymphoma cells. Endothelial cell monolayers have included murine microvascular endothelial cells from ovary, brain, lung, and liver as well as large vessel endothelium from thoracic duct and dorsal aorta. Tumor cells differ both in the adhesive propensity and adhesive preference for different endothelial cells. Some, but not all, of the adhesive preferences correlate with the known in vivo metastatic behavior of these tumors. Our results support the hypothesis that endothelial cell surface-associated specificities may play a significant role in determining the pattern of metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Pregnancy outcome and social conditions of women under 20: evolution in France from 1972 to 1981.

Two studies based on national samples of births in France in 1972 and 1981 have enabled a comparison of the changes in perinatal risk and social situation of women under 20 years of age with those of women 20 and over. Preterm delivery among women under 20 remained stable during the 10-year period, while it declined significantly among older women. Also, the social situation of teenagers deteriorated in terms of occupational activity, educational level, presence of the child's father in the home, and his occupation. The changes in these social characteristics do not adequately explain the increased relative risk of preterm delivery among women under 20.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Healthy worker effect and pregnancy: role of adverse obstetric history and social characteristics.

Data from a survey conducted in 1981 on a national sample of 5508 births in France were used to analyse the role of a history of previous adverse pregnancy outcome (spontaneous abortion, perinatal death or adverse fetal condition) in the selection mechanisms of women with regard to occupational activity, and the impact on the relation between work and preterm delivery. The study, carried out separately in each parity group, showed that occupational activity was associated with a more favourable outcome for women of parity one: the preterm delivery rate was significantly higher among women who had never worked than among those who continued working during pregnancy. However, the hypothesis of a "healthy worker effect" linked to a history of adverse obstetric outcome was not confirmed in this study. A selection effect of women from a history of spontaneous abortions was observed, but these were not linked to preterm delivery. Among multiparous women, a history of perinatal death or adverse fetal condition did not seem to modify women's behaviour towards their work. Selection mechanisms of women towards occupational activity according to sociodemographic factors were also analysed and showed that the higher percentage of younger women among those who had never worked explained the higher rate of preterm delivery in that group.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Contribution of specialists to antenatal care in France: impact on level of care during pregnancy and delivery.

This study was based on a survey of a national sample of births in France in 1981 which included 5508 women. Four pathways of antenatal care were defined according to the stage of pregnancy at first intervention of a specialist, as opposed to a general practitioner, in the care of the pregnancy. Taking into account the sociodemographic and medical characteristics of the women in a logistic regression, a large number of antenatal visits, an ultrasound examination, and hospitalisation during pregnancy were more frequent when the degree of specialisation of the pathway increased. But the influence of pathways was less significant for deliveries. Caesarean section rates, for example, did not vary according to pathway. However, induction of labour and intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring were less frequent among women cared for solely by a general practitioner than among those who had consulted a specialist at least once during pregnancy. The increase in medical care and the role of the specialist in antenatal care are discussed.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1987

Pregnant women's working conditions and their changes during pregnancy: a national study in France.

In a study of 2387 employed women who had worked for more than three months of their pregnancy the data were extracted from a survey carried out on a national sample of births in France in 1981. Manual, service and shop workers had a higher preterm delivery rate than professional, administrative, or clerical workers. Assembly line work was associated with a higher preterm delivery rate even when production workers only were considered. Cumulated physically tiring working conditions--standing work, carrying of heavy loads, assembly line work, and considerable physical effort--were related to higher preterm delivery and low birthweight rate. During pregnancy, sickness absences were commoner when the working conditions were arduous. Changes in the working conditions were less clearly related to arduous work than sick leaves; they were not significantly more frequent for standing work or for assembly line work. Refusals from employers to grant favourable arrangements were more frequent when the working conditions were tiring and sick leaves were more common among women whose requests had been refused.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Heterogeneity of mouse vascular endothelium. In vitro studies of lymphatic, large blood vessel and microvascular endothelial cells.

Microvascular endothelial cell cultures have been established from mouse lung, liver, brain, heart, placenta, kidney, urinary bladder, mammary gland, ovary and epididymal fat pad. In addition, large vessel endothelial cells have been obtained from the mouse aorta and thoracic duct. The heterogeneity of these cells has been shown by flow cytometric determination of angiotensin-converting enzyme, by differential presence of the acetyl low density lipoprotein receptor, by the variable expression of cell surface antigens, and by differential binding of various plant lectins. The endothelial cell lines we have developed provide the means to examine in the mouse, long a key species for biomedical research, a wide range of biological functions and properties of the vascular endothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Consequences of peridural analgesia for the Cesarean experience and initial mother-child relations].

Semi-directed interviews were conducted with 103 primiparous women between the 3rd and the 6th day after delivery to compare the effects of the two methods of anaesthesia on the way they experienced caesarean operation. Analysis of the contents of the interviews show that the mothers who had caesarean operation under general anaesthesia were more often depressed than those who had an epidural. Overall, the experience of delivery was more satisfying when the caesarean took place under an epidural because it enabled the mother to take part in the delivery. The mothers who were unconscious because they had a general anaesthetic felt sorrow that they deprived of the experience of the delivery. All the same, it must be said that one-third of the women felt ill-at-ease owing to delivery under epidural, both physically and psychologically. The first contacts with the infant are earlier and less disagreeable after epidural analgesia, but in the days following the delivery the interactions between mother and baby and the comments the mothers make about their child do not differ markedly whichever form of anaesthesia has been used.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗