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Biomedical subjects

M Kaminski

Publications and source records attributed to M Kaminski.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of different policies for the management of labour.

Various policies of management of prolonged labour have been proposed to prevent its two main consequences--caesarean section and fetal distress. Two randomised controlled trials were organised; the first to assess the value of amniotomy with oxytocin compared to a more conservative approach. The second trial compared the effect of continuous professional support during labour with the intermittent presence of a member of staff. These were multicentre studies in several countries of Europe. Preliminary results of early amniotomy suggested no difference in the rate of operative delivery. Continuous professional support was associated with a significant reduction in operative deliveries.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Natural selection for an intermediate level of heterozygote activity in Japanese quail.

Latter's hypothesis of a molecular explanation of the advantage of heterozygotes is based on the intermediate character of such phenotypes. Under particular environmental conditions the efficiency of heterozygotes might clearly be superior to that of wild-type individuals. This hypothesis is illustrated by two examples of egg-white proteins in quail.

Animals↗
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Increased stability of a hybrid molecule.

The spectrophotometric assay of serum ADH of the quail-chicken hybrid shows, after thermal denaturation carried out at 50 degrees C, a greater residual activity that that of either parental serum; such increased resistance to heat reflects a greater stability of the hybrid molecule.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parametrial and rectovaginal adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis.

Malignant extragonadal tumors arising from endometriosis are rare. We report on two cases. A 41-year-old gravida 1, para 1 (G1P1), with adenocarcinoma of the right parametrium arising from endometriosis and a 51-year-old G1P1 with endometriosis-associated rectovaginal adenocarcinoma were treated. Treatment included radical surgery plus radiation therapy. While the former patient was doing well 2 years after the primary diagnosis, the latter suffered a local pelvic recurrence 2 years later. Although there are no randomized controlled studies, radical surgery followed by radiation therapy seems generally to be the treatment of choice. The analysis of PTEN in various forms of endometriosis and its malignant transformation may help in understanding the early steps of tumorigenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrochemical therapy in palliative treatment of malignant dysphagia: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Electrochemical therapy (ECT), a method based on the application of a low-level direct current, was employed in this study to relieve severe dysphagia. In addition, we aimed to assess the efficacy, safety and requirements for follow-up re-interventions. METHODOLOGY: Sixteen patients with inoperable and circumferential malignant stenosis of the esophagus were palliated by ECT at presentation and then repeatedly whenever tumor growth and dysphagia recurred. The electrode was inserted and placed at the level of stenosis under fluoroscopic guidance, and an electric quantity of 300-560 coulombs (5-6.5 V; 60-90 mA) was given. When total luminal occlusion was found, prior balloon dilatation enabled insertion of the electrode. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma also received external beam radiotherapy of 20-30 Gy in 10 daily fractions. Dysphagia was graded on a scale of O to 4 (O = normal; 4 = complete dysphagia), and follow-up esophagograms were obtained for response evaluation. RESULTS: The severity of dysphagia decreased by 1-4 (median: 2) grades with an improvement in 6 patients with totally obstructing lesions. Dysphagia recurred in all but 1 patient after a median interval of 10 weeks, but was easily treated with repeat ECT sessions. However, 2 patients became unresponsive to ECT after 7 and 3 months of therapy, respectively. There were no ECT-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this pilot study suggests that electrochemical therapy may provide safe and effective palliation of narrowing and circumferential esophageal carcinoma. It requires repeat interventions and dilatation expertise is necessary for insertion of the electrode through the totally obstructing lesion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Zoledronic acid versus pamidronate in the treatment of skeletal metastases in patients with breast cancer or osteolytic lesions of multiple myeloma: a phase III, double-blind, comparative trial.

PURPOSE: Zoledronic acid, a new and more potent bisphosphonate, was compared with pamidronate, the current standard treatment for patients with osteolytic or mixed bone metastases/lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1,648 patients with either Durie-Salmon stage III multiple myeloma or advanced breast cancer and at least one bone lesion were randomly assigned to treatment with either 4 or 8 mg of zoledronic acid via 15-minute intravenous infusion or 90 mg of pamidronate via 2-hour intravenous infusion every 3 to 4 weeks for 12 months. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients experiencing at least one skeletal-related event over 13 months. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with at least one skeletal-related event was similar in all treatment groups. Median time to the first skeletal-related eventwas approximately 1 year in each treatment group. The skeletal morbidity rate was slightly lower in patients treated with zoledronic acid than in those treated with pamidronate, and zoledronic acid (4 mg) significantly decreased the incidence and event rate for radiation therapy to bone, both overall and in breast cancer patients receiving hormonal therapy. Pain scores decreased in all treatment groups in the presence of stable or decreased analgesic use. Zoledronic acid (4 mg) and pamidronate were equally well tolerated; the most common adverse events were bone pain, nausea, fatigue, and fever and < 5% of serious adverse events were related to the study drug. The incidence of renal impairment among patients treated with 4 mg of zoledronic acid via 15-minute infusion was similar to that among patients treated with pamidronate. CONCLUSIONS: Zoledronic acid (4 mg) via 15-minute intravenous infusion was as effective and well tolerated as 90 mg of pamidronate in the treatment of osteolytic and mixed bone metastases/lesions in patients with advanced breast cancer or multiple myeloma. (Can-

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mortality of children aged 1 to 4 years in the countries of the European Community].

Mortality rates of children aged 1 to 4 years in each country of the European Community were reviewed. Data was drawn from statistics published by the individual countries. Overall, mortality rates were 61 per 100,000 in boys and 51 per 100,000 in girls and are highest in the Republic of Ireland, the FRG and Belgium. Between 1960 and 1980, mortality decreased in all countries and for both sexes; improvement was greatest in the countries where mortality rates were the highest in 1960. Accidents of different types were the main causes of death in each country. Some were related to age group specific behaviour, such as drownings and falls in young children and suffocations in infants. However, most deaths were due to traffic accidents.

Accidents↗