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Biomedical subjects

M Just

Publications and source records attributed to M Just.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Vaccination: 1982 status].

This review discusses the indications for the routine immunizations covered by the Swiss "Immunization Schedule 1981" (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, BCG), as well as the indications for special immunizations (hepatitis B, influenza, pneumococci, rabies, tickencephalitis) and for the immunisations for travellers (cholera, yellow fever, meningococci, typhoid fever). Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella should be given to girls and boys at the age of 18 (to 24) months as a combined injection. In view of the low prevalence of tuberculosis BCG vaccination is justifiable only at school leaving age, if at all. The indications for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines are still limited, the value of a general vaccination of all over 65 year old individuals is not proven for either vaccine. A nationwide vaccination campaign against hepatitis B was started early this year with a newly licensed vaccine for all population groups at risk. Only HDC-vaccines should be used for immunisation against rabies. The newly licensed, highly protective oral attenuated live typhoid vaccine will probably replace the parenteral typhoid vaccine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

In vitro comparison of cefotetan with five other cephalosporins against nosocomial pathogens.

The in vitro activity of cefotetan against Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacterial strains including nonfermenting species has been compared with that of cefoxitin, cefotaxim, moxalactam, cefoperazone and ceftazidime by use of an agar dilution method. Cefotetan was found to be inactive against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species and only moderately active against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Enterobacter cloacae. It was more active than cefoxitin and cefoperazone against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and indole-positive Proteus strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Effect of ceftriaxone on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in broth, serum, and in combination with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

We investigated the antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone at concentrations of 1/4 X minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), 1 X MIC and 4 X MIC against a serum-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a serum-resistant STaphylococcus aureus strain in broth, serum, and in combination with leukocytes. Killing effect of ceftriaxone in broth was significantly better than in serum; ceftriaxone improved leukocyte bactericidal activity without serum on P. aeruginosa, but not on S. aureus. The antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone was most effective in combination with leukocytes and serum, achieving a marked bactericidal effect already at subinhibitory ceftriaxone concentrations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

OKA-SK-RIT Varicella vaccine for "primary" and for booster vaccinations.

In seronegative children--healthy and immunocompromised--and in seronegative adults, we have limited but very promising results--no side reactions and good antibody-conversions with clinical protection. Because--in spite of positive humoral antibodies--10 to 20% of people over the age of 50 have a negative cell-mediated immune response against VZ and are therefore presumed Zoster patients, VZ-booster vaccinations were done in this age group. A significant increase in humoral antibodies can be induced at least in half of these elderly. In 23 elderly with a negative specific cell-mediated immunity against VZ, a booster vaccination induced a strong positive cell-mediated immune response in 9 and no response in 5.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Rubella immunization in Switzerland (infection rate in cantons with different immunization practices].

By means of rubella antibody determinations we attempted to determine the value of routine rubella immunization of adolescent girls. For this purpose we compared the antibody titres of young women and men from Basle City/Basle Country (immunization since 1969) with those of persons of the same age from Uri (no immunization) and Nidwalden (immunization only since 1977). The difference in the infection rate between nonimmunized young men and women of the same age in Basle is significant. In Uri and Nidwalden most young adults have rubella antibodies despite the lack of immunization. The reasons why we nevertheless recommend the introduction of routine immunization in the Canton of Uri are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Decrease of the lymphoproliferative response to varicella-zoster virus antigen in the aged.

Humoral antibodies and specific cellular immune reactions (proliferative immune response in the lymphocyte transformation test) to varicella-zoster virus antigen were measured in children, young adults, and elderly people. In children and young adults, the humoral varicella-zoster-specific antibodies and the virus-specific cellular immune response generally coincided. In the over-60 age group, however, a discrepancy was often observed between these parameters. Ninety percent of the elderly subjects showed humoral antibodies, but only 64% still had a measurable varicella-zoster-specific immune response. There was no correlation between the magnitude of the virus antigen-specific immune response and the mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative response (phytohemagglutinin stimulation). One in three elderly people, therefore, showed no cellular immune response to the varicella-zoster virus antigen, and this person could probably be regarded as a potential herpes zoster patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Combination effect of piperacillin with four aminoglycosides on nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria.

The in vitro efficacy of piperacillin in combination with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and netilmicin against 57 nonfermenting gram-negative bacterial strains was compared by use of the checkerboard agar dilution technique. On average 34% of all nonfermenting strains were inhibited by additive, 13% by synergistic piperacillin-amino-glycoside combinations. Great variation occurred between the different bacterial species. Piperacillin-aminoglycoside combinations were most active on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and least potent on Pseudomonas cepacia. Piperacillin was highly active against P. aeruginosa, P. cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens-putida and Acinetobacter species.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1981

[Vaccination of children and their parents' attitude in a Swiss town (author's transl)].

A large group of school-children 6-10 years of age were checked for their immunization status and by questionnaire for their parent's attitude to vaccinations. Children of higher socio-economic status have better immunization protection. In spite of pretended high motivation, people from Southern countries have a significantly smaller percentage of immunized children than Swiss people. This is probably caused by insufficient information.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1980

[Vaccinations 1979].

On the basis of the Federal Health Department's "Swiss Vaccination Scheme" of 1976, some up to data additions and alterations are proposed mainly with regard to combined measles-mumps-rubella vaccination during the second year of life together with the first tetanus, diphtheria and poliomyelitis booster. Oral vaccination against poliomyelitis is not contraindicated during pregnancy. Among the inoculations not considered in the official vaccination scheme, regular influenza vaccination is only indicated for certain chronically ill people. Whether this is also true of the pneumococcal vaccine newly licensed in Switzerland remains uncertain. The (likewise new) meningococcal vaccine is only effective against type A and C and not against the type B meningococci prevalent in Switzerland. In view of its safety, only HDC vaccine produced with human tissue cultures should be used for anti-rabies vaccination. For counselling prior to travel abroad, a simple vaccination scheme is provided and the importance of other prophylactic measures is emphasized.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

[The state of measles immunity and the success quota of measles vaccination in Basle nursery and elementary school pupils].

Measles antibody determinations in kindergarten and primary school children in Basle-City showed that today just under 10% of 10-year-olds and roughly 25% of 5-year-olds have no immunity to measles. In the 10-year-old primary school children the effects of measles immunization are not yet markedly apparent, whereas almost half the kindergarten children already owe their measles immunity to immunization. No measles antibodies could be detected in 13,7% of the subjects who, according to their official vaccination certificates, had previously been immunized against measles. Most of these failures are probably due to careless routine immunization techniques.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

[Spread of Yersinia enterocolitica infection within a hospital (author's transl)].

Infections linked in time and space with Yersinia enterocolitica (serovar 0 : 9, biotype 2, lysotype X3) were observed in 6 cases within one university hospital. After a hospital epidemic in Finland in 1973 (involving 7 persons) this is the 2nd such observation. The spread was demonstrated in two areas. The probable source of infection of one patient group (n = 3) was a 48-year-old dialysis patient admitted with a febrile condition without enteritic symptoms. Pathogens could be demonstrated in his faeces by direct culture, in two contact persons cultivation was possible only with cold enrichment. Blood cultures of the first patient were negative. At about the same time 3 further infections with Yersinia enterocolitica of the same characteristics were observed in hospital personnel from different units. Frequent exchange of staff and patients among affected wards increases likelihood of cross-infection. A dialysis nurse with Yersinia arthritis was the possible link between patients and personnel. Transference of infection from one person to another can be assumed in the above cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Antibodies to gliadin as a screening test for coeliac disease. A prospective study.

The diagnostic value of gliadin antibody determination using the fluorescent immunosorbent test was examined in a prospective study of 57 children with gastrointestinal disease. Antibodies to gliadin were found in all 20 patients with active coeliac disease, whereas 7 of these children (37%) had a normal xylose absorption test despite a flat small gut mucosa. Only 4 (14%) of 28 children with other gastrointestinal conditions had antibodies to gliadin, invariably in low titre. After at least 2 years on a gluten-free diet none of 9 children with coeliac disease in remission had demonstrable gliadin antibodies. The gliadin antibodies disappear slowly, within 6 to 24 months, after withdrawal of gliadin from the diet. 0.8% (5/606) of a healthy control group of children, adolescents and adults (not biopsied) had gliadin antibodies in low titre. Increased mean cow's milk antibody titres were demonstrable in 8 (40%) of 20 patients with active coeliac disease as well as in 9 (32%) of 28 patients with other gastrointestinal lesions. Our studies show that determination of circulating gliadin antibodies is a worthwhile screening test in suspected cases of coeliac disease. In patients so selected there is a definite indication for small intestinal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

Adolescent↗