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Biomedical subjects

M Just

Publications and source records attributed to M Just.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Evaluation of a combined vaccine against measles-mumps-rubella produced on human diploid cells.

The combined Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccines commercially available for use are safe, highly immunogenic, and protective. But the acceptance rate of these vaccines by the public and also by the general practitioners in most part of Europe is not a very high one. One of the reasons for this low acceptance-rate is the fear of side-reactions. In spite of that only exceptional cases of dangerous allergic reactions induced by such vaccines, especially the lay population can be scared by the contraindications mentioned in the "physician circular-patent product information". Therefore it was worthwhile to test a new trivalent vaccine produced exclusively on human tissue without using any avian protein or animal protein extracts or antibiotics. Under double-blind conditions 120 children aged between 15 and 24 months received either the new vaccine or the commercially available M-M-R-II vaccine produced by MSD. Measles and Rubella antibodies were tested by hemagglutination-inhibition tests, Mumps by the immuno-fluorescence technique. No reports of major side-effects were received from the 12 physicians participating in the trial. The seroconversion rates recorded 6 to 8 weeks after vaccination were high (95-100%) and there was no statistically significant difference between the two vaccines with regard to immunogenic potency.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Rubini, a new live attenuated mumps vaccine virus strain for human diploid cells.

A new, live attenuated mumps vaccine virus strain for human diploid cells has been developed at the Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Berne. The Rubini virus was derived from a child of the same name possessing typical clinical signs and symptoms of mumps infection. Attenuation of the wild virus was performed by isolation and serial passage in WI-38 human diploid cells, specific pathogen-free hens' eggs and MRC-5 human diploid cells. The attenuated virus has been examined in respect of identity, freedom from adventitious agents and growth potential in MRC-5 cells. Furthermore, it does not evoke any clinical reactions in either baby or adult monkeys. It is characterized by the production in Vero cells of smaller plaques than are elicited by either the Jeryl Lynn or Urabe mumps virus strains. The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the Rubini virus for man was studied by administering a monovalent vaccine to 13 adult male volunteers and a trivalent human diploid cell Rubini, measles (Edmonston-Zagreb-19 virus strain) and rubella (RA 27/3 virus strain) vaccine to 60 children ranging in age from 15 to 24 months. No reactions were observed. Seroconversion was obtained in 95% of the vaccinees, who developed a mean 50% neutralizing antibody titre of 1:64 after 6-8 weeks. Sensitization to avian and other animal proteins and antibiotics which may follow the use of most of the currently available measles-mumps-rubella vaccines, either single or combined, may be expected to be eliminated when this new vaccine is used. Its use in persons already sensitized to such products should furthermore induce no anaphylactic reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparative study and evaluation of further attenuated, live measles vaccines alone and in combination with mumps and rubella vaccines.

The further attenuated Enders (FAE) measles vaccine strain and the Edmonston B-Zagreb (EZ) measles vaccine strain were compared. In VERO-cells plaque sizes of FAE varied between 0.5 and 1 mm, those of EZ between 1 and 2 mm in diameter. The lots available in Switzerland during a 2 year period showed virus titers of 10(3.1) to 10(4.0) TCID50 per dose in the one vaccine (FAE) and of 10(3.1) to 10(4.5) TCID50 per dose in the other (EZ). Clinical investigations were performed with FAE and EZ monovalent and trivalent (measles + mumps + rubella) vaccine preparations. The virus titers of the vaccine lots used were 10(3.1) to 10(4.0) TCID50 per dose. The overall seroconversion rates of 96% to 100% indicate that both types of vaccine have comparable immunization properties. Stability tests demonstrated good stability of both the FAE and the EZ vaccines. Thus conservation at 37 degrees C was possible for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, and at 41 degrees C for 6 and 6 days, respectively, without undue loss of live virus content (less than 1 log 10). Since the EZ vaccine is derived from human diploid cells, it is particularly suitable for the vaccination of persons with a history of allergy to avian proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Possibilities in using a specific pulse sequence (interlocking sequence) to improve the specificity in NMR tomography].

Methods and possibilities of application of a doubled and interlaced pulse sequence ("interlaced sequence") are discussed. This makes it possible to perform contrast variations and pulse sequence variations subsequently, as well as to determine the parameters proton density, T1 and T2. The selectivity of the combination of all three parameters for tissue classification is demonstrated by means of an individual case and seems to promise a higher specificity of MR tomography.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

[Field trial with a new human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) against measles, mumps and rubella].

The results of a field trial with a novel, live attenuated human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) against measles, mumps and rubella are described. The study was performed double blind and included 120 children aged 15 to 24 months. 60 children received the new vaccine and a control group of another 60 children were vaccinated with M-M-RR II. The seroconversion rates found 6 to 8 weeks after the vaccination were high without exception (95% to 100%). The multiple chi 2-test revealed no statistically significant difference in immunogenic efficacy between the two vaccines (p greater than 0.05). No reports of side effects were received from the 12 physicians participating in the study. It is pointed out that all components of the new vaccine are highly attenuated and that the vaccine is free of avian protein, animal protein extracts and antibiotics. This excludes all theoretical and practical contraindications due to the corresponding hypersensitivities.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Live varicella vaccine in healthy individuals.

Eight hundred healthy seronegative children and 32 adults were vaccinated with the Oka-strain live attenuated varicella vaccine (Varilrix), manufactured by Smith Kline-RIT, Belgium. The vaccine was safe (no side effects) in healthy individuals, highly immunogenic (dose-dependent induction of humoral antibodies and specific cell-mediated immune response), and highly protective against clinical varicella. The simultaneous administration of a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine together with the varicella vaccine is possible, although combination in the same syringe was less effective than simultaneous administration in different arms. Various observations suggest that the risk of contracting zoster in adulthood may well be reduced for varicella vaccinees. Based on our results, it is recommended that seronegative hospital staff be vaccinated. Furthermore, if the varicella vaccine should prove to be cost effective, large-scale immunization of healthy children may be indicated.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Delayed hypersensitivity skin test to detect susceptibility to varicella and zoster.

A crude varicella skin-test antigen corresponding to an inactivated partly-purified high-titre varicella Oka-strain vaccine was prepared at Smith Kline-RIT. It was used for a delayed hypersensitivity skin test in 60 healthy adults for determination of their immune status. The findings were analysed according to the presence or absence of humoral antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and of a specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) response as measured by the VZV-specific lymphocyte transformation test. The immune status to varicella could be determined in all subjects provided that the amount of antigenic material in the skin-test antigen was sufficiently high. The 2 tests for the CMI response, the delayed hypersensitivity skin test and the lymphocyte transformation test, gave concordant results in both seropositive and seronegative individuals. The inactivated skin-test antigen cannot replace vaccination with the live varicella vaccine since it is unable to induce seroconversion in seronegatives or an antibody booster response in seropositives. Furthermore, seropositive and seronegative subjects showing a negative response to the varicella-zoster-specific lymphocyte transformation test remained negative 2 weeks after the injection of the skin-test antigen.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Restoration of varicella-zoster virus cell-mediated immune response after varicella booster vaccination.

In older age groups, an increasing proportion of healthy adults with a positive varicella history have lost their capacity for a cell-mediated immune (CMI) response to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antigen despite the presence of virus-specific humoral antibodies. While it remains a matter of speculation whether this decline is connected with a predisposition to herpes zoster, it is known that a second zoster attack is rare in immunocompetent individuals. In order to determine whether the VZV-specific CMI response can be restored through varicella vaccination, the immune status of a group with naturally occurring herpes zoster was compared with that of a group of vaccinated subjects. Twenty zoster patients were tested for VZV antibody and VZV-specific CMI within the first 4 days of the disease. Antibodies were present in normal or moderately high titres (mean: 2,900). Lymphocyte reactivity to VZV antigen was negative or weakly positive in 17 of the 20 patients. After 6 weeks, antibody titres rose significantly (mean: 36,000) and the lymphocyte response was highly positive in 11, weakly positive in 6, and remained negative in 3 patients. Thirty-three healthy adults ranging in age from 55-65 years with a negative VZV-specific CMI, but positive VZV antibodies (mean: 190), were immunized with the Oka-strain varicella vaccine (Varilrix). After 6 weeks, the mean antibody titre had only increased slightly (mean: 400). However, a positive VZV-specific CMI response occurred in 28 out of 33 subjects, while 5 remained negative. Therefore, conversion from a negative to a positive CMI response can be achieved by varicella vaccination of seropositive subjects. This raises the question whether booster vaccination of CMI-negative subjects could prevent zoster.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A reliable screening test for childhood celiac disease: fluorescent immunosorbent test for gliadin antibodies. A prospective multicenter study.

The diagnostic value of gliadin antibody determination using the fluorescent immunosorbent test was examined in a prospective multicenter study comprising 251 children with malabsorptive disorders. Antibodies to gliadin were found in all 72 patients (100%) with active celiac disease (29 children with celiac disease proved by challenge, 43 with probable celiac disease). All children up to the age of 7 years had antibodies in high titers. By contrast, 96 (84%) of 114 children with other malabsorptive disorders and a normal mucosa or with partial villous atrophy had no gliadin antibodies, 14 (12%) had a low titer, and only four (3.5%) showed moderate to high titers. Four children with gastrointestinal tract symptoms of cow milk intolerance and a flat mucosa also showed no antibodies. In 24 of 29 children (83%) with cystic fibrosis and six of seven children with Crohn disease (biopsies not performed in either group), no antibodies could be detected. The others had low or elevated titers. In 25 children with acute gastroenteritis (not biopsied) antibodies were not found at hospital admission nor six weeks later after reintroduction of gluten. The determination of antibodies to gliadin with the fluorescent immunosorbent test is a reliable screening test for childhood celiac disease. In our series there were no false negative results in children with untreated celiac disease. A positive gliadin antibody titer is not proof of celiac disease. In each child the diagnosis must be confirmed by small intestinal biopsy even if the gliadin antibody titer is high. The detection of high titers of cow milk antibodies in 27% of patients with celiac disease is of no value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effect of feeding human milk on nosocomial rotavirus infections in an infants ward.

Children aged 1-15 months hospitalized for different respiratory diseases (including otitis media) at an infants ward frequently developed diarrhoea during their stay in the clinic. Bacteriological examinations of stool samples were usually negative but rotavirus excretion was frequent according to ELISA tests. Children fed with human milk are assumed to be less susceptible to rotavirus infections due to the protection by maternal antibody. In view of preventive measures for avoiding rotavirus nosocomial infections a study was carried out. All children entering the infants ward and showing no sign of gastrointestinal disorders were distributed at random into two groups. The first group received a normal diet according to age, the second group received in addition 200 ml of fresh human milk per day. Serial stool samples were taken at the first day and thereafter every 3-4 days. Routine bacteriological examination and tests for rotavirus excretion were carried out. Children already excreting rotavirus at the first day were excluded from the study. Analysis of the gene segments of excreted rotavirus revealed the presence of two subspecies of rotavirus type 2 appearing at different periods during the study indicating nosocomial infections. Such infections were surprisingly frequent: 16 of 28 children started to excrete rotavirus during their stay in the ward and 8 of these 16 got diarrhoea. A statistically significant difference in the infection rate between the two groups was not observed although clinical symptoms seemed to be less severe in children fed with human milk.

Cross Infection↗