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Biomedical subjects

M Jones

Publications and source records attributed to M Jones.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
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Plasma cerebrosides in stroke and multiple sclerosis.

This investigation was conducted to determine whether or not plasma galactosyl ceramides were elevated in patients with stroke and multiple sclerosis, and to determine glycosyl ceramide concentrations in older, normal subjects. It was hypothesized that central nervous system destruction, like that which occurs in stroke or in the demyelination characteristic of multiple sclerosis, might be reflected by changes in plasma glycosyl ceramides, specifically by an increased percentage of galactosyl ceramide. Glycosyl ceramides were analyzed in duplicate 10 ml aliquots of plasma from each of seven patients with stroke, five patients with multiple sclerosis and five control subjects age-matched with stroke patients. Mean percentages of galactosyl ceramide for both controls (11.06 percent) and multiple sclerosis (11.40 percent) were strikingly similar. The percent of galactosyl ceramides for stroke was slightly elevated (14.32 percent) but there were no significant differences at the p=greater than 0.05 level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Time to grow up.

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Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex therapy: the successes, the failures, the future.

Sexual dissatisfaction or dysfunction occurs in one fifth to one third of the adult population. Although great advances have been made in the pharmacological treatment of impotence, psychological and relationship therapy remain the mainstay of the treatment of sexual problems within relationships.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
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Ultrastructural aspects of contractile proteins in cardiac hypertrophy and failure.

A review is presented in this chapter of morphological changes in contractile elements of cardiac muscle cells in hypertrophy and failure, with emphasis on alterations occurring in human hearts in the late stages of hypertrophy. The formation of new sarcomeres involves the synthesis of a variety of different proteins, their aggregation into filaments, and the organization of filaments into specific tridimensional arrays. Z-line material appears to play an organizer role in the formation of new sarcomeres. The ultrastructural appearance of contractile elements in hypertrophied muscle cells varies according to the cause and the stage of the hypertrophy. Myofibrillar lysis, with preferential loss of thick myofilaments, occurs in the late stages of hypertrophy in association with degenerative changes, including dissociation of intercellular junctions, proliferation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, cellular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of occupational blood contact and HIV infection among orthopedic surgeons. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Serosurvey Study Committee.

OBJECTIVE: To study the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among orthopedic surgeons, and correlate the results with occupational and nonoccupational risk factors. Orthopedic surgeons are one of several groups of health care workers at risk for occupationally acquired HIV infection; however, few HIV seroprevalence studies in health care workers, and none in surgeons, have been performed to assist in estimating the extent of occupational risk. DESIGN: A voluntary, anonymous HIV serosurvey at an annual meeting. To assess the representativeness of participants, a mail survey of orthopedic surgeons was conducted 5 months prior to the annual meeting. SETTING: The 1991 annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons held in Anaheim, Calif. PARTICIPANTS: United States or Canadian orthopedic surgeons in training, in practice, or retired from practice who attended the annual meeting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants' HIV serostatus and reporting of occupational and nonoccupational risk factors for HIV infection. RESULTS: Of 7147 eligible orthopedists at the annual meeting, 3420 (47.9%) participated. Compared with the 10,411 orthopedic surgeons responding to the mail survey, serosurvey participants had at least as many opportunities for occupational contact with blood and with HIV-infected patients. Among participants, 87.4% reported a blood-skin contact and 39.2% reported a percutaneous blood contact in the previous month. Among 3267 participants without reported nonoccupational risk factors for HIV infection, none was positive for HIV antibody (0%; upper limit of the 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09%); among 108 participants with reported nonoccupational HIV risk factors, two were positive for HIV antibody (1.9%; upper limit of the 95% CI = 5.7%). CONCLUSION: Although these findings may not be generalizable to all orthopedic surgeons, we found no evidence of HIV infection among serosurvey participants without nonoccupational risk factors. The high rates of self-reported blood contact underscore the importance of compliance with infection control precautions and of development of new techniques and equipment to minimize the risk of exposures to blood during surgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nd:YAG iliac and femoropopliteal laser angioplasty: results with large probes as "sole therapy".

Laser assisted balloon angioplasty with a laser heated metallic capped fiberoptic catheter may be effective in the treatment of femoral and iliac artery occlusive disease. In order to avoid the inherent trauma of balloon angioplasty, yet at the same time "debulk" atheroma, 75 patients underwent laser angioplasty of the superficial femoral and iliac arteries as "sole therapy". Laser angioplasty was performed using an Nd:YAG laser coupled to a 600 micron fiber and a 3.5 mm probe (22-28 watts), 4.2 mm or 5.0 probe (32-40 watts). Fifty-nine patients had laser angioplasty for claudication and 16 for limb salvage. The initial angiographic success rate was 84% (41/49) (lesion length 2-14 cm) for the superficial femoral and 69% (18/26) (lesion length 2-14 cm) for the iliac arteries. In follow-up extending to 21 months (mean 14.4 months) 73% (30/41) of the superficial femoral artery and 76% (14/18) of the initially recanalized iliac arteries remain patent. When initial failures are included, this represents an overall intermediate-term patency rate of 52% (32/49) for superficial femoral and 49% (14/26) for iliac arteries respectively. By avoiding the disruptive effect on the arterial wall architecture caused by balloon angioplasty, while at the same time ablating and vaporizing more atheromatous material with larger laser probes, the long-term patency rates of laser angioplasty as "sole therapy" may prove to be superior to those of laser assisted balloon angioplasty.

Angioplasty, Laser↗
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Developing printed materials for patients with visual deficiencies.

In preparing educational materials for patients with vision deficiencies, nurses must take into consideration type size, typeface, and color. Patients surveyed preferred 14-point, sans serif type. Black type on white paper was also preferred. Collaboration between the nurse and the graphic designer will help ensure that the printed material will be understandable to the target group.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Benefits of avoidance of induction immunosuppression in heart transplantation.

Current immunosuppression protocols in heart transplantation commonly employ an inductive phase preoperatively, which often is followed by triple therapy (azathioprine, cyclosporine, and prednisone). From 1981 to June 1987, 119 heart transplants were performed in 114 patients. Group I (n = 19) received cyclosporine preoperatively and postoperatively, as well as steroid intraoperatively and postoperatively. Group II (n = 100) received antilymphocyte globulin postoperatively and interval cyclosporine orally 5 to 7 days postoperatively when the antilymphoblast globulin was discontinued. Methylprednisolone was given intraoperatively, and 1 mg/kg was given postoperatively. Steroid was tapered to 20 mg/day within 4 weeks. Cyclosporine was removed from the early postoperative regimen to reduce the deleterious renal effects. Steroid was used in low doses and tapered quickly to lessen steroid-related complications. There was one cyclosporine-related kidney failure in group I and none in group II. In no patient was cyclosporine discontinued because of adverse effects. The rate of rejection remains acceptable. There have been eight deaths as a result of rejection (three in group I and five in group II). Three patients have died of infection (one in group I and two in group II). Since January 1987 no postoperative protective isolation has been used. Overall survival is 77%, and no patient has exhibited late coronary atherosclerosis on follow-up coronary angiography. The regimen of immunosuppression that has evolved is safe and effective and has long-term benefits.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
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Tissue-derived biomaterials and their use in cardiovascular prosthetic devices.

A variety of tissues and tissue components, ranging from allograft and xenograft tissues to albumin- and collagen-coated synthetic materials, have been used to fabricate cardiovascular prosthetic devices. Tissue-derived biomaterials include both viable and non-viable tissues as well as individual tissue components which have undergone some degree of preimplantation processing. A review of the biochemistry, immunogenicity, mechanical properties, physicochemical properties, preimplantation processing and the morphology of the following cardiovascular prostheses are discussed: heart valve bioprostheses and allografts; blood vessel allografts; biologic vascular grafts; and, protein-coated vascular prostheses. This review focuses on the generic aspects of prosthetic device fabrication using tissue-derived biomaterials, realizing that specific differences between various commercially available prostheses may exist.

Animals↗
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Knotted tubes.

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Aged↗