Autoantibodies to SS-A/Ro antigen have been described in the sera of certain patients with Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and in neonates with lupus and/or congenital heart block. SS-A/Ro is a trypsin-sensitive intracellular antigen which appears to be associated with another intracellular antigen SS-B/La in tissue extracts. This study describes a simple method of separation of SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La antigenic activity by differential salt elution in polybuffer ion exchange chromatography. The partially purified SS-A/Ro antigen was separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions and identified by Western blot analysis as a single polypeptide of 61,000 Da. The pI of SS-A/Ro antigen was 4.67. The partially purified SS-A/Ro antigen derived from gel electrophoresis could be adapted to an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibody.

Antigens↗

PubMed1983

[Microcapillary bilirubin assay for the newborn].

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Bilirubin↗

PubMed1983

[Clinical study on low birth weight infants].

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Female↗

PubMed1982

RNA recombination: --introducing poly(A) into Q beta phage.

Poly(A) molecule is inserted between two Q beta RNA molecules which have been partially degraded, one from the 3'-end and another from the 5'-end. E. coli HfrH is infected with these mosaic RNA molecules and a few recombined phages carrying poly(A) are obtained. Analysis of the RNA of 907 phage (one of these recombination phages) shows that the chain length of the poly(A) it contained is about 40.

Coliphages↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Surveillance for low-level malaria.

Due to good detection and control, malaria has reached very low levels in China with the result that existing methods of surveillance, taking blood slides from all fever cases and those with a common cold, are finding very few malaria cases among the millions of persons examined. Passive case detection agents in areas of moderate and low endemicity in Hubei Province, China, were instructed to indicate on the form associated with each slide whether the patient was considered to be a clinical case of malaria (group 1), was thought to have malaria but did not have all the features (group 2), had fever alone and was not thought to be a case of malaria (group 3), or merely had a common cold (group 4). In the low endemic area (slide positivity rate 0.23%), only 5 cases in group 3 and 4 in group 2 were detected per 10,000 examinations. It is recommended that these categories be discontinued in malarious areas of low endemicity, to encourage greater efficiency in detecting cases in groups 1 and 2. In the moderately endemic area, with a slide positivity rate of 4.19%, all categories, including group 4, were considered valuable for detecting malaria cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro evaluation of percutaneous absorption of an acyclovir product using intact and tape-stripped human skin.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of a flow-through diffusion cell system to assess the absorption and penetration characteristics of drug (acyclovir) products. METHODS: In vitro studies were performed to assess the absorption/penetration of acyclovir using a flow-through diffusion cell system with human skin sections obtained from 19 healthy women following mammoplasty. The skin sections, 200-400 microm thick, were prepared using a dermatome. Acyclovir ointment (approximately 10 mg) spiked with (3)H-labelled acyclovir was applied onto the stratum corneum/epidermis side. The skin sections were continually perfused on the dermis side with sterilized culture medium, Buffered Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution, saturated with a CO(2)/O(2) (5/95%). RESULTS: After 24 hours, the percentages of acyclovir-derived radioactivity (based on dose applied) in different components were as follows: stratum corneum (SC), 0.20+0.28; viable skin (VS), 0.40+0.38; effluent fluid (EF), 0.25+0.53. A second set of experiments was performed using tape stripped (10X) skin sections. Levels of acyclovir-derived radioactivity were VS, 1.21+1.43 and EF, 2.65+2.61, which were threefold higher (p < 0.05) for VS and elevenfold higher (p < 0.05) for EF compared to the results obtained with the intact skin sections. CONCLUSIONS: The SC is the main barrier layer for the penetration of acyclovir through human skin. The use of the flow-through diffusion cell system provides an appropriate in vitro model to assess the absorption/penetration of acyclovir through human skin layers and therefore can potentially be used for dermal formulation characterization and development.

Acyclovir↗