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Biomedical subjects

M J Mannis

Publications and source records attributed to M J Mannis.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Transmission of herpes simplex during CPR training.

Instruction in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has become a standard part of training for medical personnel and is widely recommended for the lay public. We present a case report of two women, one of whom contracted herpes labialis and one of whom contracted ocular herpes simultaneously after participating as partners in a CPR training course. This case suggests that added precautions against the transmission of infectious disease should be taken by screening participants in CPR courses for signs of respiratory, oral, or facial cutaneous disease. In addition, this case underscores the crucial importance of adequately disinfecting mannequins between users and between training sessions. Specific recommendations are made.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Role of electrophysiologic testing in the preoperative evaluation of corneal transplant patients.

We performed preoperative skin electrode bright-flash ERG and VEP testing on 32 patients undergoing elective penetrating keratoplasty. Twenty-six patients had unilaterally decreased vision and six had bilateral visual impairment. By combining our quantitative electroretinogram (ERG) and qualitative visual evoked potential (VEP) results with clinical findings, we were able to predict visual outcome in 92% of cases. Our findings suggest that bright-flash ERG and VEP testing are useful adjunct studies to clinical and ultrasound findings in patients with media opacities, comparison of a and b wave amplitudes with the fellow eye may yield prognostic information, a normal ERG and VEP in the presence of an equivocal afferent pupillary defect may signal a good visual prognosis, and ERG and VEP are not reliably predictive in patients with media opacity and amblyopia or macular disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

An analysis of contrast sensitivity in identical twins with keratoconus.

We studied a pair of 36-year-old identical twins with keratoconus, one of whom had undergone bilateral penetrating keratoplasties. Both patients had final best corrected Snellen visual acuity of approximately 20/20. However, contrast sensitivity functions for the unoperated twin were abnormal when compared to the operated twin. In addition, contrast sensitivity data for the operated twin during and after a graft rejection indicate that corneal graft opacity and distortion can significantly alter the contrast sensitivity function. The unusual occurrence of identical twins with keratoconus afforded the unique opportunity to explore the visual and psychophysical aspects of keratoconus in a genetically controlled setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Corneal posterior crocodile shagreen and polymorphic amyloid degeneration.

Globes were obtained post mortem from a 75-year-old patient who had both corneal posterior crocodile shagreen and polymorphic amyloid degeneration. The crocodile shagreen was typified by grayish, polygonal opacities with indistinct edges and separated by clear lines. The cloudy area involved the central two thirds of the corneas and included the posterior two thirds of the stroma, with increasing posterior density. The polymorphic amyloid degeneration was typical, demonstrating polymorphic punctate and filamentous deposits in the deeper corneal layers. The deposits appeared white in direct illumination and refractile in indirect illumination. Transmission electron microscopy revealed sawtoothlike configurations of the stromal collagen lamellae that corresponded to the central cloudy opacities seen clinically. The minute deposits were found to be amyloid by histochemical staining and electron microscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Extended-wear aphakic soft contact lenses after penetrating keratoplasty.

Seven patients undergoing aphakic keratoplasty or combined keratoplasty and cataract extraction were fitted with a single type of high-water-content, extended-wear, aphakic soft contact lens (Permalens). Six patients were fitted early after keratoplasty, ie, before the removal of the sutures and while they were still receiving corticosteroid drops (1% prednisolone acetate). The patients were followed up at close intervals with high-magnification serial corneal photography. Complications of extended wear included superficial neovascularization, punctate epithelial keratitis, and variable visual acuity. Our results suggest that although extended-wear aphakic soft contact lenses may be an acceptance form of visual rehabilitation in selected patients who undergo transplantation, they are frequently problematic. In addition, fitting of these lenses should be withheld until after the removal of the sutures, and patients should be followed up at closer intervals than the patients with extended-wear aphakic soft contact lenses who have not undergone keratoplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Dendritic corneal lesions associated with soft contact lens wear.

Two cases of dendritic lesions associated with soft contact lens wear occurred that were referred as cases of herpes simplex keratitis. Lesions resolved after temporary discontinuation of soft lens wear and conversion to thermal sterilization. The pseudodendrite is presumed to result from a toxic or hypersensitivity reaction to contact lens material or to components of chemical sterilization systems. Several dendritic lesions may be confused with herpes simplex. The soft contact lens associated pseudodendrite is added to this list. Accurate diagnosis can be made by careful attention to the clinical history and the morphologic features of the dendrite in most cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Iron deposition in the corneal graft. Another corneal iron line.

Linear iron deposits in the corneal epithelium are well-documented phenomena in a variety of circumstances, both normal and pathologic. A characteristic annular pigmented line, appearing clinically as an "iron" line, occurred in the donor epithelium of approximately 13% of corneal grafts with retained sutures. Eight cases of normally functioning grafts had iron lines located just central to the sutures. These lines appeared at various intervals postoperatively and did not correlate with age or race. They were frequently found in association with other surface-related epithelial and subepithelial phenomena and were believed to be related to peripheral corneal topography and the lid-cornea interface. Although they are clinically iron, their precise histochemistry, cause, source, and natural history are yet to be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Results of 110 vitrectomies with a portable vitrectomy system.

We retrospectively evaluated the VITAC (vitreous-tissue aspiration cutter), a portable vitrectomy system with an end-cutting vitrectomy probe with a self-sharpening oscillating blade and a monoblock design, in 110 vitrectomy procedures, 34 performed at the University of California Davis Medical Center and 76 performed at the Eye and ENT Hospital in Shanghai, China. The indications for vitrectomy included penetrating injuries (22 eyes), intraocular foreign bodies (28 eyes), vitreous hemorrhages (18 eyes), cataracts (17 eyes), endophthalmitis (seven eyes), pupillary-block glaucoma (five eyes), bullous keratopathy (five eyes), aphakic penetrating keratoplasty (three eyes), pupillary membranes (two eyes), massive preretinal proliferation (one eye), and cystoid macular edema (one eye). Vitrectomy resulted in visual improvement in 19 of 34 eyes in the California series (56%) and in 60 of the 76 eyes in the Shanghai series (79%). This difference was attributable to the higher percentages of cases involving the posterior segment and vitreous hemorrhage in the California series. When results from both institutions were combined, surgery with the VITAC produced visual improvement in 79 of 110 cases (72%), comparable to the results obtained with other vitrectomy systems.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Effect of hypothermic perfusion on corneal endothelial morphology.

The effect of moderate in-vivo hypothermic perfusion on corneal endothelial integrity was studied in the cat. Eleven cats underwent in-vivo anterior chamber perfusion for 30 minutes with either normothermic (23 degrees C) or hypothermic (5 degrees C) perfusate. Corneas were then evaluated clinically (biomicroscopy), functionally (vital staining), and morphologically (scanning electron microscopy) for changes attributable to hypothermic perfusion. All 3 modes of evaluation suggested no difference in corneal endothelial integrity under the 2 experimental perfusion conditions. At the clinical and scanning electron microscope levels hypothermic perfusion does not show any effects on the corneal endothelium. Regional hypothermia is of theoretical and potential utility in procedures involving prolonged intraocular perfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Use of the temporary keratoprosthesis in the subacute management of massive ocular trauma.

The Landers-Foulks temporary operating keratoprosthesis was used in the treatment of a severe double perforating injury involving both the cornea and retina in a 12-year-old boy. The use of the keratoprosthesis permitted surgical intervention at the optimal time for successful treatment of the retina and vitreous, providing the patient with useful visual acuity. The temporary keratoprosthesis is an excellent device for the subacute management of massive ocular trauma involving both anterior and posterior segments.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Keratopathy associated with intracorneal glass.

A progressive nonedematous keratopathy developed in a 36-year-old patient after she was struck in the eye by glass fragments. Biopsy material that was examined by electron microscopy and electron beam microanalysis demonstrated the presence of intracorneal glass fragments, which could not be detected clinically. Retained intracorneal glass, generally thought to be completely inert, can be associated with a chronic keratopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Polymorphic amyloid degeneration of the cornea. A clinical and histopathologic study.

The occurrence of polymorphic punctate and filamentous opacities in the axial cornea of patients in the fourth decade of life and older represents a distinct clinical entity. The glass-like deposits are usually in the deeper layers of the cornea and are associated with normal intervening stroma. Although it is not a cause of visual dysfunction, this disorder may be confused with lattice corneal dystrophy or with the corneal deposits in some dysproteinemias. Common clinical findings were found in 14 patients, and these findings were contrasted with the findings in lattice corneal dystrophy. Family studies failed to demonstrate heritability, and lesions were found in older patients only. Histopathologic examination identified the lesions as amyloid. The findings suggest that his disorder should be classified as a corneal degeneration. "Polymorphic amyloid degeneration" is a descriptive for this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Posterior corneal vesicles.

Two male and four female patients had posterior corneal vesicles and scalloped lesions. Ages ranged from 7 to 24 years. Uncorrected visual acuities were 6/6 or better OU. All cases were unilateral. There was no other ocular abnormality. The lesions were at the level of Descemet's membrane and endothelium. Results of specular microscopic examination suggested that the scalloped lesions could be the result of coalescence of vesicular defects. Several vesicles were surrounded by grayfish halos. The remainder of the cornea was normal. Thirty family members were found to be unaffected. These lesions must be differentiated from those in posterior polymorphous dystrophy congenital glaucoma, and forceps injury. Previous reports have implied a herpetic origin; although their etiologic character is not known, the present study does not support this conclusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

No effect of concanavalin A on the corneal graft reaction.

Penetrating corneal homografts were performed in albino rabbits. The experimental group received grafts soaked in a solution of concanavalin A; the control group received grafts soaked in lactated Ringer's solution. Animals with technically successful grafts were subsequently exposed to an additional antigenic stimulus from the corneal donor via skin grafting. This procedure produces a uniformly high rate of corneal graft rejection. The two groups were compared for the frequency and onset of the graft reaction. Results demonstrated no difference between control and experimental groups. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Persistent corneal erosion secondary to tarsal adrenochrome deposit.

A 64-year-old man with open-angle glaucoma had used topically applied epinephrine for 13 years. He developed a foreign-body sensation and persistent superotemporal corneal erosion as a result fo an adrenochrome deposit on the upper tarsus. Removal of the deposit ended the corneal erosion and returned visual acuity to normal.

Adrenochrome↗
PubMed1975

Alterations of central nervous system protein synthesis in response to spinal cord hemisection.

This investigation explores the central nervous system protein-synthetic responses to hemisection of the spinal cord. Adult male rats hemisected at mid T2 were given intravenous injections of 14C-leucine at 0.7, 30, or 70 days postoperative. Four hours later the T1, T2, T3, and C6 segments of the spinal cord and right and left samples of somatomotor and occipital cortex were removed, weighed, and frozen. These samples were later homogenized and subjected to trichloroacetic acid (TCA) separations. Protein-synthetic activity was expressed as the ratio of the specific activity of the TCA precipitable proteins to the specific activity of the TCA free amino acid pool. In the spinal cord samples protein-synthetic activity was greater than in controls at 7 and 30 days postoperative in the T2 segment and at 30 days postoperative in the C6 and T3 segments. In the cortical samples protein-synthetic activity was greater than in controls in the right and left somatomotor cortex at 30 days postoperative, while it was less than in controls in the left somatomotor cortex at 70 days postoperative. Thus, T2 hemisection leads to initial increases and subsequent decreases in protein-synthetic activity in both spinal cord and somatomotor cortex. These results are discussed in terms of possible regenerative neural reactions occurring in the central nervous system following spinal cord injury.

Animals↗