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Biomedical subjects

M Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to M Ishida.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Progression of carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Along with the recent changes in lifestyle in Japan, the incidence of coronary artery disease has increased while the incidence of stroke appears to be decreasing. We investigated the relation between the progression of carotid atherosclerosis and the severity of coronary artery disease in the Japanese population. METHODS: The 2-year change in extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in 50 Japanese patients who underwent coronary angiography was evaluated using carotid echotomography. To quantify the extent of carotid atherosclerosis, the maximal thickness measurements of all plaques were summed for an individual plaque score, except for new plaques found on reexamination. Carotid disease progression was evaluated by the sum of plaque score change and the thickness of the new plaque found on reexamination. RESULTS: The plaque score changed by -3.2 to 10.1 mm (mean +/- SD, 1.06 +/- 2.42 mm). The extent of coronary atherosclerosis (p less than 0.02) and serum total cholesterol level (p less than 0.01) were different between the progressing (n = 17) and the nonprogressing (n = 30) groups of carotid atherosclerosis when the progressing group included the patients with a delta plaque score of greater than or equal to 1.0 mm. Neither age, serum triglyceride level, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, pack-years of smoking, percentage of smokers, percentage of hypertensive patients, nor percentage of diabetic patients was different between the two groups. Carotid disease progression was significantly higher in patients with three-vessel coronary disease than in patients without significant coronary artery disease (p less than 0.005). There was a significant positive linear correlation between carotid disease progression and Gensini's coronary artery disease score (R = 0.411, p less than 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that severe coronary artery disease and a high serum total cholesterol level were strong predictors for carotid disease progression in Japanese patients with high rates of coronary artery disease.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Nematocidal activity of long alkyl chain amides, amines, and their derivatives on dog roundworm larvae.

The nematocidal activity of amides and amines having a long alkyl chain against the second-stage larva of dog roundworm, Toxocara canis, was examined. Long chain acyl amides with smaller substituents on the nitrogen showed stronger activity and the activity of cyclic amine amides was stronger than that of acyclic ones. In a series of homologous amides, the activity was dependent on the alkyl chain length: it reached a maximum at an optimal chain length and decreased in both shorter and longer homologues. The relationship between the activity and hydrophobicity of the homologues was analysed by the use of the bilinear model. The hydrophobicity of a compound, which gives a maximal activity, was similar for all neutral amides, but amides which have an additional amine group in the molecule had different values. Tertiary amines and their salts having a long alkyl chain also showed nematocidal activities comparable to those of the corresponding amides. The salts killed the larva at concentrations lower than their critical micell concentration, suggesting that they behave as a single molecule for the nematocidal action.

Amides↗
PubMed1992

A case of malignant lymphoma accompanied by Klinefelter's syndrome.

A 66-year-old Japanese male with diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, of the pleomorphic type, complicated with Klinefelter's syndrome is reported. His phisique was characterized by a long arm span, disproportionately longer lower body dimensions and a small sized penis. He had no children. Chromosomal study revealed 47, XXY and hormonal quantification showed hypergonadtropic hypogonadism. Although chemotherapy was administered, his disease took a progressive course and he died. A discussion of chromosomal alteration and oncogenesis and review of the literature are included.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen.

The case of a 39-year-old man with inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen is presented. This is an extremely rare benign lesion with histologic features of non-specific inflammatory and reparative changes. The literature is reviewed and this case is compared clinically and radiologically with the previously reported cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of complete recanalization in the lower abdominal aorta by intraaortic infusion of a thrombolytic agent].

Intraarterial infusion of thrombolytic agent is useful in the treatment of obstructive arterial diseases in various vessels. However, few studies have shown that this treatment is useful for aortic occlusion. We report the case with complete recanalization in the lower abdominal aorta following intraaortic infusion of a thrombolytic agent. A 59-year-old man was admitted because of weakness and pain in the bilateral lower limbs at rest. Aortography showed complete occlusion of the abdominal aorta proximal to the inferior mesenteric artery. Both external arteries were supplied via rich collaterals. He was treated by intraaortic urokinase infusion of 2,100,000 units. Total recanalization in the abdominal aorta and both common iliac arteries was obtained. Intraaortic infusion of urokinase was shown to be effective treatment of occlusion in the abdominal aorta.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1992

A large-scale preparative electrophoretic method for the purification of pyridine nucleotide-linked dehydrogenases.

A large-scale preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) method that uses a 1.5- or a 2.0-cm-thick slab gel has been developed for the purification of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases. With the 2.0-cm-thick gel, a maximum volume (up to about 160 ml) of enzyme sample was applied to a gel plate, resulting in the application of a large amount of protein and enzyme. After the electrophoretic run, the enzyme band on the gel was detected by activity staining and recovered from the gel by extraction with a fairly loose-fitting glass-Teflon homogenizer. NAD-dependent alanine dehydrogenase, leucine dehydrogenase, and glycerol dehydrogenase were purified in high yields (more than 80%) by the preparative PAGE method. The method can be carried out using a simple slab gel apparatus, which is modified from the conventional analytical apparatus for the purpose of preparative PAGE under conditions used for routine analytical runs. Thus, the method may be suitable for use in purifying NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases and many other enzymes after conventional chromatography such as dye-ligand affinity chromatography or ion-exchange chromatography.

Alanine Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1991

A significant increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration induced by (2S,3R,4S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine, a new potent NMDA agonist, in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.

The increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, induced by isomers of 2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (CCG) was examined in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Some CCG isomers and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration dependent manner. The 2S,3R,4S isomer of CCG (L-CCG-IV) was the most potent in elevating [Ca2+]i, and its activity was more than 100 times higher than that of NMDA and about 10 times higher than that of L-glutamate. The increase in [Ca2+]i was effectively blocked by NMDA blockers and Mg2+, and was markedly augmented by the addition of a low concentration of glycine. L-CCG-IV would be a useful tool for elucidation of functions of NMDA receptors.

Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic↗
PubMed1991

Changes in preference for receptor subtypes of configurational variants of a glutamate analog: conversion from the NMDA-type to the non-NMDA type.

The (2S,3R,4S) isomer of 2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycines (CCG) (L-CCG-IV) is a potent NMDA-type agonist in the mammalian central nervous system. L-CCG-IV is a conformationally restricted glutamate analogue in which the cyclopropyl group fixes the glutamate chain, and closely mimics the folded conformation of L-glutamate. (6R)-Substituted L-CCG-IV, however, demonstrated pharmacological properties of non-NMDA type agonists in the newborn rat spinal motoneuron while (6S)-CCG derivatives showed similar properties to the parent compound, L-CCG-IV. In the dorsal root fiber of newborn rats, (6R)-methoxymethyl and benzyloxymethyl substituted L-CCG-IV caused kainate-like depolarization. The depolarizing potency of (6R)-benzyloxymethyl substituted L-CCG-IV was slightly lower than that of kainate, demonstrating a relatively high potency.

Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic↗
PubMed1991

Candida albicans serotype A strains grow in yeast extract-added Sabouraud liquid medium at pH 2.0, elaborating mannans without beta-1,2 linkage and phosphate group.

Cultivation of three Candida albicans strains, NIH A-207, J-1012, and NIH B-792, abbreviated as A-, J-, and B-strains, respectively, in yeast extract-enrich Sabouraud liquid medium at pH 2.0 provided the following findings, i.e., the two former strains belonging to serotype A were able to grow in this medium in almost the same rates as those in the same medium of pH 5.9, while B-strain cells did not proliferate under the former condition. The cells of A- and J-strains cultivated at pH 2.0 did not undergo agglutination with the factor serum 6 in a commercially available factor serum kit, Candida Check, corresponding to C. albicans serotype A-specific epitope. It was also revealed by 1H-13C correlation spectra of the mannans isolated from the cells of A- and J-strains contained neither phosphate group nor beta-1,2-linked mannopyranose unit, although these mannans retained non-reducing terminal alpha-1,3 linked mannopyranose units, providing a substantiating evidence that the serotype A-specific epitope contains a non-reducing terminal beta-1,2-linked mannopyranose unit.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1991

A mutation of mitochondrial DNA in Japanese families with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited disease characterized by optic nerve degeneration associated with severe bilateral visual loss in young men and occasionally in women. A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replacement mutation in LHON patient, G to A transition at nucleotide position (nt) 11778 converting the 340th arginine to histidine in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4, was detected as SfaNI site polymorphism (Wallace et al., Science, 242: 1427-1430, 1988). To evaluate if the SfaNI site loss can be used to diagnose LHON patients, mtDNAs from peripheral blood of six affected males including five probands from five unrelated Japanese families with LHON, a pair of parents and a normal sister of one of the probands and 4 control persons were analyzed using PCR amplification method. The mutation of leukocyte mtDNA at nt 11778 was identified in all of the affected patients, the normal mother and the sister examined, while the father who is normal and 4 control persons did not show the change. These findings support that the mutation at nt 11778 is also associated with LHON in the Japanese and the test of the SfaNI site loss described here is useful for confirming the clinical diagnosis of LHON patients with the mutation at nt 11778.

Asian People↗
PubMed1991

Failure to reduce infarct size by intracoronary infusion of recombinant human superoxide dismutase at reperfusion in the porcine heart: immunohistochemical and histological analysis.

Failure to Reduce Infarct Size by Intracoronary Infusion of Recombinant Human Superoxide Dismutase at Reperfusion in the Porcine Heart: Immunohistochemical and Histological Analysis. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology (1991) 23, 1287-1296. We quantitatively determined the extent of infarction and contraction band necrosis in porcine hearts, and analyzed the distribution of administered recombinant human superoxide dismutase (h-SOD) in the myocardium using a polyclonal antibody to h-SOD. After 1 hour of occlusion, h-SOD was infused for the first 30 min of reperfusion in SOD group, while pigs received only arterial blood in control group. The extent of infarction or contraction band necrosis was not significantly different between SOD group and control group. Positive staining by polyclonal antibody to h-SOD was detected only in the infarcted area in SOD group. Thus, h-SOD only entered irreversibly damaged myocytes and neither diminished reperfusion injury nor reduced infarct size in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Systemic administration of acromelic acid induces selective neuron damage in the rat spinal cord.

A single systemic administration of acromelic acid A (ACRO), a novel kainate analogue (kainoid), induces a series of characteristic behavioral changes in association with selective damage of interneurons in the caudal spinal cord in adult rats. When ACRO (5 mg/kg) was systemically administered, rats displayed forced extension of hindlimbs followed by frequent cramps and generalized convulsion. Most rats died during the convulsions without neuropathological change. Two rats developed long-lasting spastic paraparesis which persisted at least 3 months. Neuropathological changes were observed only in the rats with persistent paraparesis, in which neuron damage was identified selectively in small interneurons in the lumbosacral cord. The regional difference between kainate- and ACRO-induced neuron damage suggests the existence of plural kinds of kainate receptor subtypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Reperfusion injury in dog hearts with permanent occlusion of a coronary artery, probably due to reperfusion via collateral vessels.

To clarify whether or not reperfusion injury occurs in the permanent occlusion of a coronary artery, we analyzed quantitatively contraction band necrosis as an indicator of early recanalization, coagulation necrosis, infarct size and measured regional blood flow in dog hearts with collateral circulation. Fifty mongrel dogs were divided into four groups: 15 dogs with a 24-hour occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery just distal to the first diagonal branch (permanent occlusion group): 15 dogs a with 3-hour occlusion followed by 24-hour recanalization (recanalization group); 10 dogs with a 2-hour occlusion without recanalization (transient occlusion group); 10 dogs with a 4-hour occlusion without recanalization (transient occlusion group). The regional blood flow in the subepicardium and subendocardium determined by the generated hydrogen gas clearance method was greatly decreased 30 minutes after occlusion (14 + 8%/12 +/- 9%) and was relatively restored from 180 minutes (31 +/- 21%/21 +/- 14%) to 24 hours later (41 + 19%/26 + 16%) in spite of complete occlusion of the coronary artery. The percentage infarct area in the risk area was significantly greater in the permanent occlusion group (60 +/- 26%) than in the recanalization group (35 +/- 31%). Although most of the infarct was occupied by contraction band necrosis in the recanalization group (86 +/- 12%), contraction band necrosis was diffusely seen even in the permanent occlusion group (54 +/- 27%). In both the permanent and recanalization groups, contraction band necrosis was the main histological feature of small infarcts occupying less than 30% of the risk area, while coagulation necrosis was the main feature in very large infarcts occupying more than 80% of the risk area. In the occlusion groups without recanalization, the percentage area of contraction band necrosis in the risk area was 6 +/- 8% after the 2-hour occlusion, 23 +/- 17% after the 4-hour occlusion and 31 +/- 21% after permanent occlusion; the difference between the 4-hour and permanent occlusion groups was not significant. In the permanent occlusion group, the percentage infarct area in the risk area was inversely correlated with regional blood flow during occlusion, an indicator of collateral flow. It was concluded that reperfusion injury occurs even in hearts without recanalization. The pathogenesis may involve reperfusion in the risk area via collateral circulation. Protection against reperfusion injury is important to minimize the infarct size even in hearts with permanent occlusion, although the presence of collateral flow is an important factor in limiting infarct size.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hypertrophy of surviving myocytes overlying the infarct in human old myocardial infarctions with abnormal Q waves.

The time course of hypertrophy of surviving myocytes overlying the infarct after the onset was examined and the hypertrophy was analyzed in relation to the transmural extent of infarct in 34 autopsied hearts with Q wave infarction. The 34 hearts were divided into 4 groups according to the length of time between the onset of infarction and death. This was less than 5 days in group 1 (n = 10), 20-30 days in group 2 (n = 7), 40-60 days in group 3 (n = 7), and 12-24 months in group 4 (n = 10). To clarify the regional hypertrophy of myocytes overlying the infarct, the size of the surviving myocytes in the outer third of the left ventricular wall in the 1-cm wide central zone of the infarct was compared with that of the myocytes in the outer third of the left ventricular wall without infarction (control wall) in the same heart. To exclude factors which stimulate the hypertrophy of the whole left ventricle, the ratio of the monocyte diameter in the infarcted wall to that in the control wall was examined. It was 1.0 +/- 0.0 (mean +/- SD) in group 1, 1.0 +/- 0.1 in group 2, 1.2 +/- 0.1 in group 3, and 1.3 +/- 0.1 in group 4. The ratio was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 1 and 2, and was highest in group 4. In group 4, the corrected percentage transmural extent of infarct indicating the original transmural extent of infarct at the acute stage was 63 + 8%, and this transmural extent correlated positively with the ratio of myocyte diameter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Evolutionary pathways of N2 neuraminidases of swine and human influenza A viruses: origin of the neuraminidase genes of two reassortants (H1N2) isolated from pigs.

The complete nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase (NA) genes of two reassortant (H1N2) and two H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated from pigs were determined and phylogenetic relationships between these and previously reported N2 NA genes were investigated. On the basis of pairwise nucleotide sequence identity, the NA genes of two reassortants, A/sw/Kanagawa/2/78 and A/sw/Ehime/1/80, were most closely related to those of human influenza A virus strains isolated in 1972 and the earliest available swine H3N2 influenza A viruses, respectively. Phylogenetic trees showed that the NA genes can be segregated into three groups, including lineages for (i) swine strains, (ii) the earliest human strain and (iii) recent human strains. The evolutionary tree for the 11 nucleotide and amino acid sequences suggested that the NAs of A/sw/HK/4/76 and A/sw/Kanagawa/2/78 belong to the lineage for recent human viruses. In contrast, the NA genes of the A/sw/HK/3/76 and H1N2 reassortant A/sw/Ehime/1/80 viruses were found to be of a swine lineage. The swine virus NA genes were further characterized by the cocirculation of two distinct lineages. Although the rates of synonymous (silent) substitutions for the swine and human viruses were nearly identical (0.00946 to 0.00884 per site per year), the rate of non-synonymous (amino acid changing) substitutions for swine virus NA genes was about 60% of that for the human virus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Novel kainate derivatives: potent depolarizing actions on spinal motoneurones and dorsal root fibres in newborn rats.

1. Neuropharmacological actions of several kainate derivatives (kainoids) were examined for electrophysiological effects in the isolated spinal cord and the dorsal root fibre of the newborn rat. 2. Some kainoids caused depolarization of the motoneurone much more effectively than kainic acid or domoic acid and others were weaker. The rank order of the depolarizing activities of the kainoids tested here is as follows: 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-carboxy-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid (MFPA) greater than acromelic acid A greater than domoic acid greater than or equal to 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-carboxy-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid (HFPA) greater than or equal to acromelic acid B greater than kainic acid. 3. In the isolated dorsal root fibre, domoic acid caused the most significant depolarization. There were distinct differences with regard to the rank order of the depolarizing activity between the motoneurone and the dorsal root fibre. The rank order in the dorsal root fibre is domoic acid greater than acromelic acid B greater than 5-bromowillardiine greater than or equal to MFPA greater than acromelic acid A greater than HFPA greater than kainic acid. 4. Significant desensitization of kainate receptors was observed in the isolated dorsal root fibre during prolonged application of L-glutamate, kainate and its derivatives. Cross desensitization was also observed among these excitatory amino acids. Receptors desensitized by kainate did not respond to MFPA, HFPA and acromelic acids, suggesting that these kainate derivatives activated common kainate receptors in the dorsal root fibre.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione↗