[A long-term survival case of non-functioning adrenal cancer which recurred with invasion to the liver and duodenal cap fifteen years after surgery].
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Adenoma↗
Biomedical subjects
M Ishida
Publications and source records attributed to M Ishida.
Effects of age and sex on sodium chloride sensitivity: association with plasma renin activity.
The mechanism by which excessive NaCl intake raises blood pressure has not been fully clarified. The present study was undertaken in 87 Japanese inpatients with essential hypertension to investigate the interrelation among effects of age, sex and the renin-angiotensin system on NaCl sensitivity. After ingesting a regular NaCl diet (170 mmol/day) for one week, subjects were placed sequentially on a week of low NaCl diet (50 mmol/day) and a week of high NaCl diet (340 mmol/day). NaCl sensitivity defined as the difference in mean blood pressure between the low and high NaCl diets did not differ between genders. NaCl sensitivity was positively correlated with age and the change in PRA. The fall in PRA after NaCl loading was significantly smaller in women than in men. By multiple regression analysis, age and the change in PRA independently contributed to the change in mean blood pressure. Furthermore, the interaction between sex and the change in PRA was selected as a statistically significant variable. In conclusion, NaCl sensitivity of blood pressure is independently associated with age and the inadequate suppression of the renin-angiotensin system. Because the contribution of the change in PRA to NaCl sensitivity was greater in women than in men, the mechanism of blood pressure elevation after NaCl loading may differ between genders.
Age Factors↗
[Influence of the yellow-tinted intraocular lens on spectral sensitivity].
One of the complaints of patients with aphakic eyes or pseudophakic eyes implanted with UV or non-UV intraocular lenses (IOLs) is chromatopsia. To determine the extent of color distortion, we measured the spectral sensitivity curve of normal subjects with visual acuity above 1.0 with correction, if any, including subjects implanted with the yellow-tinted IOL (UVCY IOL: HOYA Co.). We found that color sensitivity in the blue range (400-440 nm) declined rapidly with subjects age. We drew a regression line plotting age against sensitivity for 66 normal subjects. Sensitivity for pseudophakic eyes implanted with UVCY and UV IOLs at 400 nm corresponds to that of subjects in their early 20's. That of pseudophakic eyes implanted with non-UV IOLs and aphakic eyes corresponded to that of infants. In summary, compared to UV IOL and non-UV IOLs, the UVCY IOL was found to best approximate the color sensitivity of healthy eyes.
Adolescent↗
[The prediction of blood pressure after adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism].
In 30-40% of patients with primary aldosteronism owing to adenoma, hypertension is not relieved even though a hyper-functioning adenoma has been completely removed. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the prognosis of hypertension can be evaluated pre-operatively in patients with primary aldosteronism. Thirteen patients (6 men, 7 women; 47 +/- 9 years old) with primary aldosteronism were studied and adrenalectomy was performed in all cases. The success of the operation was confirmed by the normalization of plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and serum potassium. Eight patients, 3 men and 5 women, whose blood pressure (BP) was reduced to below 140mmHg systolic and 90mmHg diastolic at one year after the operation were classified as "group N" and the other 5 cases, 3 men and 2 women, remained hypertensive and were classified as "group H". There were no significant differences in the age of the patients, duration of hypertension, pretreatment mean BP and severity of hypertension between the two groups. Thus, it is doubtful that the lack of improvement of hypertension is due to the irreversible damage of the small arteries. Although pretreatment BP was similar in the two groups, systolic BP after the administration of 200mg per day of spironolactone for one week was significantly reduced in group N, but not in group H. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between mean BP after treatment with spironolactone and post-operative mean BP in all subjects. Pretreatment PRA was significantly lower in group H.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adrenalectomy↗
A new metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist: developmental change of its sensitivity to receptors in the newborn rat spinal cord.
A novel metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, (2S,1'R,2'R,3'R)-2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV), reduced the monosynaptic excitation in newborn rat spinal cord rather than polysynaptic discharges at the nanomolar range without causing postsynaptic depolarization of motoneurones. Its inhibitory action on the monosynaptic excitation reduced in due course of time after birth. On the contrary, the inhibitory action of a metabotropic GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, did not show marked developmental change. DCG-IV should be expected to have the potential to provide further useful information on the physiological function of metabotropic glutamate receptors.
Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic↗
[Gene analysis and kidney diseases].
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Chromosome Mapping↗
Silent brain infarction and coronary artery disease in Japanese patients.
OBJECTIVE: Silent brain infarction is fairly common in the elderly, but predictive factors have not been definitively established. This study focuses attention on ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular risk factors about the frequency of silent brain infarction. DESIGN: The existence of silent brain infarction, the extent of coronary artery stenosis, and cerebrovascular risk factors of consecutive 92 case series with suspected ischemic heart disease were surveyed. SETTING: A hospital for patients with ischemic heart disease. PATIENTS: Ninety-two consecutive Japanese patients with suspected ischemic heart disease were recruited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All subjects were evaluated for coronary atherosclerosis (number of coronary arteries with significant stenosis and Gensini score), the number of silent brain infarctions detected by computed tomography, the extent of carotid atherosclerosis as determined by B-mode ultrasonography, and cerebrovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Patients with silent cerebral infarctions were older (66.2 +/- 10.4 years) than those without such events (60.1 +/- 8.8 years) (P < .01). The extent of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with silent cerebral infarctions was significantly greater than in those without such events after adjustment for the effect of age (P < .001). The extent of carotid atherosclerosis and the percentages of individuals with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a smoking habit, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and a low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level did not differ between the groups with and without silent brain infarction. The frequency of silent brain infarction increased with the severity of coronary stenosis. CONCLUSION: Coronary atherosclerosis and age were important risk factors for silent brain infarction.
Adult↗
Antioxidant protection against oxidant-induced damage in cultured gastric mucosal cells.
Gastric epithelium is exposed not only to oxidants generated within the lumen, but also to those produced by ischemia/reperfusion. This study examined the mechanism(s) of oxidant-induced injury to cultured rat gastric mucosal cells, and characterized the antioxidant profile of these cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), generated by glucose oxidase, damaged cells dose-dependently, as assessed by increased leakage of labeled 51Cr. Glucose oxidase-induced damage was prevented by exogenous catalase (but not by exogenous superoxide dismutase). Chelation of cellular iron with desferrioxamine or phenanthroline specifically protected cells against H2O2, whereas binding of extracellular iron with apotransferrin failed to. Disruption of the glutathione redox cycle at three independent sites rendered cells less resistant to H2O2, whereas inhibition of cellular catalase did not result in sensitization of cells to H2O2. In conclusion, (1) oxidant injury induced by extracellular H2O2 is mediated by intracellular iron; (2) extracellular superoxide is not involved in the damaging process; and (3) the glutathione redox cycle plays a principal role in detoxifying H2O2 as a cellular antioxidant in cultured gastric mucosal cells.
Animals↗
Improvement of detection in computed radiography by new single-exposure dual-energy subtraction.
It is reported that the use of the dual-energy subtraction method enhances the abnormal shadow detection capability. However, because the subtracted image is significantly inferior to the original in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the x-ray dosage normally used for chest x-rays has not yielded subtracted images with adequate SNRs. Under these circumstances, we focus on the fact that there is a correlation between the noise contents of bone-and soft-tissue-subtracted images although there is no correlation between the signal contents of these images. We propose an algorithm that improves SNRs of subtraction images by reducing the noise only.
Algorithms↗
(2S,3S,4R)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine, a potent and competitive inhibitor of both glial and neuronal uptake of glutamate.
The effects of several diastereoisomers of L-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (CCG) on L-glutamate uptake were compared among three different preparations, glial plasmalemmal vesicles (GPV), synaptosomes and cultured astrocytes from rat hippocampus. The (2S,3S,4R)-isomer (L-CCG-III) inhibited a Na(+)-dependent high-affinity L-glutamate uptake in GPV and synaptosomes in a dose dependent manner at a micromolar range. The potency was quite similar to that of L-threo-beta-hydroxyaspartate in both subcellular fractions and much higher than L-aspartate-beta-hydroxamate, which were known as potent inhibitors of glutamate uptake. The (2S,3R,4S)-isomer (L-CCG-IV) also inhibited the glutamate uptake in GPV and synaptosomes, but it was about 100 times less active than L-CCG-III. The (2S,3S,4S)- and (2S,3R,4R)-isomers (L-CCG-I and L-CCG-II, respectively) hardly showed any inhibitory action on the glutamate uptake. Dixon plot analysis of the initial uptake rate revealed that the inhibition was in a competitive manner and the value of the inhibition constant (Ki) was about 1 microM in both GPV and synaptosomes. L-CCG-III effectively inhibited the glutamate uptake by cultured hippocampal astrocytes as well. These results suggested that L-CCG-III inhibited the glutamate uptake in both neurones and glial cells of the mammalian central nervous system in a similar manner.
Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic↗
A novel metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist: marked depression of monosynaptic excitation in the newborn rat isolated spinal cord.
1. Neuropharmacological actions of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, (2S,1'R,2'R,3'R)-2(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV), were examined in the isolated spinal cord of the newborn rat, and compared with those of the established agonists of (2S,1'S,2'S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (L-CCG-I) or (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid ((1S,3R)-ACPD). 2. At concentrations higher than 10 microM, DCG-IV caused a depolarization which was completely blocked by selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. The depolarization was pharmacologically quite different from that caused by L-CCG-I and (1S,3R)-ACPD. 3. DCG-IV reduced the monosynaptic excitation of motoneurones rather than polysynaptic discharges in the nanomolar range without causing postsynaptic depolarization of motoneurones. DCG-IV was more effective than L-CCG-I, (1S,3R)-ACPD or L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoic acid (L-AP4) in reducing the monosynaptic excitation of motoneurones. 4. DCG-IV (30 nM-1 microM) did not depress the depolarization induced by known excitatory amino acids in the newborn rat motoneurones, but depressed the baseline fluctuation of the potential derived from ventral roots. Therefore, DCG-IV seems to reduce preferentially transmitter release from primary afferent nerve terminals. 5. Depression of monosynaptic excitation caused by DCG-IV was not affected by any known pharmacological agents, including 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid (AP3), diazepam, 2-hydroxysaclofen, picrotoxin and strychnine. 6. DCG-IV has the potential of providing further useful information on the physiological function of metabotropic glutamate receptors.
Amino Acids↗
Stereoselective renal tubular secretion of carbenicillin.
The stereoselective disposition of carbenicillin epimers was studied in healthy human volunteers. There was a difference between the two epimers in the extent of plasma protein binding in vitro, with the unbound fraction of the R epimer being greater than that of the S epimer. Renal clearance (CLR) of each epimer was greater than the glomerular filtration rate, suggesting renal tubular secretion of both epimers. Although the CLR was greater for the R epimer, renal tubular secretion was greater for the S epimer. When probenecid was coadministered, the CLR of each epimer was significantly reduced and was approximately equal to the glomerular filtration rate. The difference in CLR between the two epimers was simply due to differences in plasma protein binding. The observations in the present study suggest that both carbenicillin epimers are secreted by an organic anion transport system in the renal proximal tubule in humans and that the two epimers may be distinguished in the secretion process, resulting in the differences in the secretion rates.
Adult↗
D-lactate metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing CAPD.
To clarify the D-lactate metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing CAPD, plasma levels, loaded doses and urinary excretion of D-lactate were measured. In addition, D-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase activities in resected and autopsied specimens were measured. The daily loaded dose of D-lactate by CAPD was 88.9 +/- 1.29 mmol and urinary excretion was negligible. There was no tendency for the plasma D-lactate to accumulate. The enzyme activity was detected in the liver, kidney and pancreas tissues both in the resected and autopsied specimens. The above findings indicate that the loaded D-lactate is catabolized in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing CAPD, and D-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase is responsible for the metabolism of D-lactate in humans.
Adolescent↗
Osmoregulation in Paramecium: the locus of fluid segregation in the contractile vacuole complex.
In a previous study, monoclonal antibody DS-1 was found to specifically label the decorated spongiome along the radial arms of the contractile vacuole complexes in Paramecium multimicronucleatum. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated DS-1, when injected into cells, labels the radial arms initially, but with increasing postinjection time both the intensity of fluorescence and the number of fluorescently labeled radial arms were reduced. When these cells were fixed after 45 minutes and probed indirectly using a second fluorochrome, little new label was seen on the already fluorescein-labeled radial arms. Thin sections showed that the amount of decorated tubules along some collecting canals decreased from the proximal to the distal end and vesicles, which were never seen in control cells, appeared next to the decorated spongiome. These results suggested that the decorated spongiome was undergoing disassembly and sequestration into one region of the cell. The injected DS-1 also reduced the expulsion frequency of the contractile vacuoles in a dose-, time- and site-dependent manner. The contractile vacuole complexes near the injection site were affected more than those farther from the site, but the sizes of both contractile vacuoles were only transiently affected so that fluid output per cell was reduced by approximately 60%. Beyond 45 minutes postinjection, both the expulsion frequency and total fluid output began to recover as the DS-1 was sequestered into one part of the cell. This region persisted in cells up to 18 hours but disappeared by 24 hours, which coincided with the full recovery of the expulsion frequency and of decorated spongiome along the radial arms. The contractile vacuole, the collecting canals and the smooth spongiome were morphologically unaffected. These results indicate that when the decorated spongiome is dissociated from the contractile vacuole complex, the complex's function is strongly inhibited, showing the decorated spongiome to be the site of fluid segregation.
Animals↗
High fermentative production of L-threonine from acetate by a Brevibacterium flavum stabilized strain transformed with a recombinant plasmid carrying the Escherichia coli thr operon.
Decrease in L-threonine productivity caused not only by plasmid-free segregation but also by plasmid deletion was observed in a Brevibacterium flavum L-threonine producer when transformed with a recombinant plasmid carrying Escherichia coli thr operon. However, a recombinant strain, HT-16, was stabilized by the addition of trimethoprim (a selective marker on the vector) at concentration of 1000 micrograms/ml, which was rather higher than the minimum inhibitory one, into the stock culture medium. Strain HT-16 produced 64.4 g/liter of L-threonine, 30% higher than that of the host strain, after 92 h of cultivation in a small jar fermentor using acetic acid as a carbon source without trimethoprim.
Acetates↗
Ultrastructure and cytochemical characteristics of leukocyte infected with Hepatozoon canis.
We have observed the ultrastructure of a canine leukocyte infected with Hepatozoon canis by transmission electron microscope. The infected leukocytes contained many small vesicles and a few typical granules in the cytoplasm. They also contained a few rough surfaced endoplasmic reticula, mitochondria and a segmented nucleus with condensed chromatin. Cytochemical analysis indicated that the infected leukocytes with H. canis contained little alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase or alpha naphthol acetate esterase. These results suggested that the infected leukocytes were neutrophils or monocytes which lost their typical characteristics.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Primary aldosteronism with ipsilateral adrenal cyst: report of a case.
Adrenal cysts are rare; most lack endocrinologic activity and do not produce clinical symptoms. The present case is the first to be reported with both an adrenal cyst and a functioning adenoma present ipsilaterally. This 39-year-old male with hypertension was diagnosed as having primary aldosteronism as reflected by hypokalemia and an excess plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC). However, examination by computed tomography revealed a grossly enlarged left adrenal gland with a cyst-like lesion. The right adrenal appeared normal. At surgery, an adenoma and a cyst were found to coexist in the left adrenal cortex. The cyst fluid contained three times the amount of aldosterone present in plasma, less than in previous reports, and was considered to lack endocrinologic activity. Following a left adrenectomy, the patient's blood pressure, serum potassium concentration, and PAC all normalized without the need for medical treatment.
Adenoma↗
Five cases of mucormycosis in paranasal sinuses.
Five cases of mucormycosis are reported, 2 of them suffered from immunosuppression, the other 3 did not. We conclude that a combination of CT and bacteriological findings is useful for the diagnosis of mucormycosis differentially from other diseases. Therapy consisted of paranasal debridement and administration of amphotericin B.
Adult↗