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Biomedical subjects

M Ishaq

Publications and source records attributed to M Ishaq.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from treated patients in Pakistan.

An investigation was carried out to establish the extent of drug resistance among treated patients. A sample population of patients living in Lahore, Pakistan, which is a high prevalence area for tuberculosis, was studied. The total of 256 culture-positive cases in this study were divided into three groups according to the length of previous treatment. There was no significant difference in the antituberculosis treatment regimens or the drug resistance pattern among the three groups. All the patients had had at least three drugs for more than 6 months, and streptomycin and isoniazid were always included in the regimen. About one-third of the patients showed resistance to one or more drug, with the highest resistance being to streptomycin and INH. Resistance to rifampicin, which was introduced fairly recently in this area, was a little more than 5%, which is an increase from the last report.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Distribution of haptoglobin phenotypes in oesophageal and gastric cancer.

Haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes were studied in 72 oesophageal and 104 gastric cancer patients and compared with 100 healthy controls to see if there is any association between oesophageal and gastric cancer and haptoglobin type. There was a significantly increased frequency of Hp 2-1 (59.7%) and Hp 2-2 (91.3%) in oesophageal and gastric cancer patients. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract malignancy.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Alpha-1-antitrypsin activity in duodenal ulcer.

Alpha-1-antitrypsin activity was estimated in thirty-one duodenal ulcer patients and twenty-five age and sex matched controls. Statistically significant (P less than 0.05) decrease was noted in the mean alpha-1-antitrypsin activity in the patients sera. These observations indicate that alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency may be one of the important factors in the aetiopathogenesis of duodenal ulcer in a considerable proportion of patients.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1987

Immunological characterization of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins reactive with sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

We have previously reported the purification of Sm and RNP antigens from goat liver and identified two polypeptides of molecular weights 70 and 80-90 kd as RNP specific and of 14 and 30 kd as Sm specific. In this communication the effect of ribonuclease and trypsin on Sm and RNP antigens was studied at the polypeptide level. We found that the RNP antigenic determinant polypeptides of 70 and 80-90 kd are lost as a result of such treatment, whereas there is no effect on the Sm-specific 14- and 30-kd polypeptides. The role of RNA in the antigenicity of Sm and RNP was studied by dissociation and reconstitution studies. The antigens were fractionated into protein and RNA and the individual fractions were tested for Sm and RNP activity by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The RNA fraction did not react alone with anti-Sm and anti-RNP sera with either of the assays. Conversely when the protein fraction was tested by CIE, only Sm antigenicity was detectable. In the ELISA both Sm and RNP activities were demonstrated in the protein fraction. These results show that the presence of RNA is important in the immunoprecipitation reactions involving only RNP antigen, whereas Sm activity is independent of RNA. In addition, when the reaction is carried out by an assay involving primary antigen-antibody reaction (e.g., ELISA), RNP antibodies react with protein fractions alone, without the presence of RNA. We also report the glycoprotein nature of Sm-specific polypeptides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Protein assay by Coomassie brilliant blue G-250-binding method is unsuitable for plant tissues rich in phenols and phenolases.

Protein estimation in crude homogenates of plant tissues rich in phenols and phenolases was carried out by the dye-binding and, with recommended cautions, by the Lowry et al. methods and the two were compared. The dye-binding method gave grossly erroneous results with a high degree of variation when the homogenizing media differed; this was not due either to the interference by the components of the homogenizing media or to any shift in the absorbance maximum. While the reduced form of the "derived" polyphenolic compounds, generated during tissue homogenization, appeared to enhance dye binding with bovine serum albumin, their influence on the protein assay directly in crude homogenates was extremely diverse. Tissue homogenization in the absence of a reducing agent results in polyquinone-protein complexes which prevent optimal dye binding, resulting in low protein values, while the endogenous phenolics in a homogenate prepared in a mixture of cysteine and NaCl appear to suppress dye-protein complex formation. It is therefore our opinion that the dye-binding method is unsuitable for protein assay in phenol- and phenolase-rich plant tissues.

Catechol Oxidase↗
PubMed1986

Clinical trial of two short-course (6-month) regimens and a standard regimen (12-month) chemotherapy in retreatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Pakistan. Results 18 months after completion of treatment (Lahore Tuberculosis Study).

This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of two 6-month daily regimens of isoniazid and rifampin in combination with either pyrazinamide or ethambutol (RHZ and RHE regimens) against a standard daily regimen of streptomycin, isoniazid, and ethambutol (SHE regimen) given for 6 months followed by isoniazid and ethambutol for an additional 6 months. Only previously treated sputum positive patients suffering from active pulmonary tuberculosis were entered into the study. Three hundred and fifty-eight patients were admitted to the study and 267 (75%) completed chemotherapy. Eighty-five percent of RHZ-regimen and 82% of RHE-regimen patients achieved sputum culture negativity compared to 55% of patients in SHE regimen. Successfully treated patients were followed up for 18 months, and among these, all 3 treatment regimens showed broadly similar levels of culture negativity at the end of the follow-up period. Final therapeutic outcome was based on sputum culture results obtained throughout the follow-up period, and no statistically significant difference in relapse rate was noticed in the 3 regimens. Severe drug intolerance necessitated discontinuation of therapy in only 2 patients.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1984

Study of duodenal ulcer disease in 100 families using total serum pepsinogen as a genetic marker.

Although various markers have been used in attempts to elucidate the mode of inheritance of duodenal ulcer, they have not significantly contributed to a clear understanding of the problem. In the present study total serum pepsinogen was used as a genetic marker and its concentrations were estimated in 100 ulcer patients and their family members up to three generations. Eighty three per cent of the ulcer patients had hyperpepsinogenaemia on a familial basis, and it followed an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Thus a large majority of ulcer patients have associated hyperpepsinogenaemia which forms a genetic basis of their disease. The remaining 17% ulcer patients did not have associated hyperpepsinogenaemia nor was the ulcer inherited by the family. Based on these observations we wish to suggest that duodenal ulcer associated with hyperpepsinogenaemia may be considered a genetic disease. This type may be termed 'primary duodenal ulcer'. In the remaining patients without hyperpepsinogenaemia or affected relatives the ulcer may be called 'secondary duodenal ulcer'. Thus total serum pepsinogen may be considered a reliable genetic marker in helping to delineate the genetic disorder from the non-genetic, thereby improving the predictive ability in duodenal ulcer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Identical specificity of lupus antibodies and antibodies elicited in rabbits against Sm and RNP antigens.

Rabbits immunized with purified Sm and RNP small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) produced precipitating and hemagglutinating antibodies against these antigens. These antibodies had immunological specificity identical to the naturally occurring SLE anti-Sm/RNP antibodies as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation results and studies involving the characterization of immunoaffinity purified antigens isolated from the rabbit immune and SLE anti-Sm/RNP IgG affinity columns.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Purification and identification of antigenic polypeptides of Sm and RNP antigens of goat liver.

A ribonucleoprotein complex containing Sm and RNP antigenic activity was isolated from goat liver. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the complex to contain four major polypeptides of 80,000, 70,000, 30,000 and 14,000 molecular weights. When the gels were probed for antigenic polypeptides by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescent antibody method, anti-Sm sera were found to react with polypeptides of 14,000 and 30,000 molecular weights whereas anti-RNP sera recognized 70,000 and 80,000 molecular weight polypeptides with minor reactivity in the polypeptide of 14,000 molecular weight. Sera containing antibodies to both Sm and RNP reacted with all the four polypeptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus, with nylon as solid phase.

In this enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), nylon is used as solid phase for antigen binding instead of the commonly used polystyrene surface. Optimal conditions for activation of the nylon beads, antigen coating, and other relevant factors have been investigated. We compared the incidence of anti-ENA antibodies in SLE, using chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrates. Of SLE patients, 54% were positive for anti-ENA antibodies when chromogenic substrate was used as compared with 68% for fluorogenic substrate. Antibody activity against Sm and RNP antigens was distinguished on the basis of ribonuclease sensitivity of the RNP antigen. The method described offers advantages such as decreased background activity, increased surface area, facility for prolonged storage of antigen-coated solid phase, and miniaturization of the assay.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1982

Fingertip and palmar patterns in duodenal ulcer.

Dermatoglyphic studies were carried out on 90 adult males suffering from duodenal ulcer. Fingertip and palmar patterns were analysed to see if there was an association between duodenal ulcer and any of the dermatoglyphic traits. The patterns which were significantly different are: (1) increased frequency of whorls; (2) reduced frequency of loops on fingertips, and (3) increased frequency of patterns in the thenar I and IV interdigital area.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1980

Bacteriophage T4-related macromolecular synthesis under restriction of plasmid Rts1.

Rts1 is a plasmid which confers upon the host bacteria the capacity to restrict T4 bacteriophage growth at 32 degrees C but not at 42 degrees C. Pulse-labeling of phage-infected cells showed that Rts1 restricts the synthesis of T1 DNA. Despite efficient restriction of T4 phage growth and DNA synthesis, infected Escherichia coli 20SO harboring Rts1 synthesized both early and late T4 phage RNA. Synthesis of early T4 phage RNA under restrictive conditions (32 degrees C) was almost equal to that found under nonrestrictive conditions, and a lesser, but significant, amount of late T4 phage RNA was made in almost complete absence of T4 DNA synthesis. Moreover, very little, if any, T4 phage-coded lysozyme was detected in the infected E. coli 20SO/Rts1 at 32 degrees C, whereas normal amounts of lysozyme were present at 42 degrees C.

DNA Restriction Enzymes↗