[A changing pattern of food frequency according to aging. A study in a rural cohort with 14-year follow-up].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Iida
Publications and source records attributed to M Iida.
[Trends in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors among urban and rural Japanese males].
OBJECTIVES: To examine long-term trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, and their risk factors among Japanese populations, we explored 32 years of surveillance data for male residents in urban and rural areas in Japan. METHODS: The surveyed populations were 40-79 year-old male residents in M community (population over 40 years old in 1995 was 11,121) of Y City in Osaka (urban area; Osaka) and I town (n = 3,571) in Akita prefecture (rural area; Akita). Incidence rates of coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris), sudden cardiac death, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stroke per 1,000 person-years were calculated for 1964-71, 1972-79, 1980-87 and 1988-95. Risk factors were evaluated by cross-sectional surveys conducted in the median years for each period. Dietary intake was examined by the 24-hour recall method in the latter three periods. RESULTS: Age-adjusted incidence of coronary heart disease per 1,000 men increased progressively from 0.27 in 1964-71 to 0.90 in 1988-95 (P = 0.222 for trend) among 40-59 year old residents in Osaka. Among their 60-79 year old counterparts, though the incidence was 2.62-3.11 and did not change over the periods studied, the combined rates for coronary heart disease and men who had a PTCA reached 3.79 in 1988-95. In contrast, the incidence of coronary heart disease among Akita residents did not change over time and stroke declined 70 percent between 1964-71 and 1988-95 (P < 0.001) in both 40-59 and 60-79 year age group: The decrease in cerebral infarction was less marked between 1980-87 and 1988-95 among 60-79 year old individuals. Significant increases in diastolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, body mass index, salt intake and total fat percent of total energy in Osaka, were associated with the elevation in the incidence of coronary heart disease. In Akita, blood pressure leveled off over the study period, but decreased less during the last decade whereas the prevalence of obesity increased. CONCLUSION: Trends in cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors differ among different geographical areas. The present long-term study, in particular, demonstrated an increase in the incidence of coronary heart disease among urban Japanese male residents in Osaka between the 1960s and the 1990s.
Adult↗
[Clinical features of gastrointestinal lymphoma: comparison between low-grade MALT lymphoma and high-grade lymphoma].
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Female↗
Reuse of heat energy in wastewater: implementation examples in Japan.
Sewage and treated water can be a heat source in urban area due to large heat capacity, thus recovery and reuse of its energy is one of the most desirable plans for the sewerage system. In this paper, characteristics of heat energy in wastewater, reuse plans, and some experiences in Japan are presented. Full-scale reuse projects for heating and cooling in the Tokyo Metropolitan Districts and project for melting snow in Sapporo City are discussed. The key factors found in experience of Tokyo were setting the heat pumps near the demand points and the technical developments of equipment to prevent system from clogging, corrosion, and decrease in the heat transfer efficiency. It was also found through the project for melting snow in Sapporo that the key factor in public acceptance was the multi-purpose use of the sewerage system both for melting snow in winter and retaining rain water in summer.
Air Conditioning↗
[A case of lupoid hepatitis satisfying criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus associated with psychosis].
A 26-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of arthralgia and general fatigue. On examination, she had malar rash and arthritis. Laboratory data revealed AST, ALT and gamma-globulin elevation, antinuclear antibody and double-stranded DNA antibody positivity, and LE cell phenomenon. Liver biopsy showed marked lymphocytic infiltration and slight fibrosis in the portal areas. She was diagnosed with lupoid hepatitis, and also satisfied the criteria for SLE including malar rash, arthritis, immunologic disorder and antinuclear antibody. She was administered prednisolone, after which AST and ALT decreased. She developed psychosis and her electroencephalogram showed diffuse slow waves corresponding to psychosis by SLE. Lupoid hepatitis is frequently associated with various systemic manifestations. However, only a few cases of lupoid hepatitis satisfying the criteria for SLE associated with psychosis have been reported.
Adult↗
Alteration of regional cerebral metabolism in patients with cirrhosis in positron emission tomography.
To evaluate the alteration of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in cirrhosis, we measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (rCMRO2), and oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) in twelve patients with cirrhosis (six with a history of hepatic encephalopathy and six without) and six age-matched controls using positron emission tomography. Regional CBF in whole brain was not different in cirrhotic patients from that in controls. In six cirrhotic patients with a history of hepatic encephalopathy, rCMRO2 was significantly lower in the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum and brain stem, than that in each region of controls. On the other hand, rCMRO2 in six cirrhotic patients without a history of hepatic encephalopathy did not differ from the controls in all regions except for the frontal cortex. Regional OEF in cirrhotic patients without a history of hepatic encephalopathy was higher in the hippocampus and striatum than that in each region of controls. Among twelve cirrhotic patients, rCMRO2 in the occipital cortex and striatum correlated directly with plasma leucine levels, and rCMRO2 in the striatum directly correlated with plasma valine levels. Regional CMRO2 in the frontal cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, white matter as well as brain stem correlated inversely with plasma phenylalanine levels, and rCMRO2 in the occipital cortex correlated inversely with plasma tyrosine levels. Brain oxygen metabolism is impaired in cirrhotic patients with a history of hepatic encephalopathy, but preserved in those without a history or in the early stage of cirrhosis. Reduced oxygen metabolism is related with altered amino acid metabolism.
Aged↗
[A case of thoracic vertebral tuberculosis associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis].
A 56-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital, on October 10, 1999 because of tingling numbness of the Th3 area and paraparesis. Her medical history included the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis which had responded to steroid therapy. On radiographic examination, a Th2 compression fracture and gadolinium enhanced areas were shown in MRI. We diagnosed vertebral sarcoidosis and restarted steroid therapy. Next day, she had no paresis and she was discharged after 20 days. However, the patient returned to our hospital with recurrence of the same pain and paraparesis on January 1, 2000, and spinal fusion of the Th2-3 was performed by a transpleural anterolateral approach using a block of iliac bone as a graft. Histology and cultural studies of tissue revealed tuberculosis. There is a diagnostic dilemma, "sarcoidosis or tuberculosis?", but it is necessary to be aware of this at the time of the initial diagnosis.
Female↗
Vertical semicircular canal function: a study in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
A pendular rotation test in a head-tilted position (60 degrees backwards and rotated 45 degrees to either the right or left) was performed in 7 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Patients were rotated 360 degrees at a frequency of 0.1 Hz (maximum speed 114 degrees/s). The excitability of vertical semicircular canals was evaluated using this test procedure. Using an infrared CCD camera and a PC, evoked nystagmus was analyzed in order to determine the morbidity of BPPV. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found in the maximal slow-phase eye velocity between nystagmus from the anterior semicircular canal and nystagmus from the posterior semicircular canal. The excitability of the posterior semicircular canal in the affected ear was lower than that of the anterior semicircular canal. However, when vertigo and nystagmus disappeared, the difference in excitability was improved. The present results indicate some functional deterioration of the posterior semicircular canal in BPPV cases, suggesting the participation of both mechanical (dumping by mass) and organic (peripheral end organ) factors in causing morbidity.
Adult↗
Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with ulcerative colitis.
A rare case of concurrent primary biliary cirrhosis and ulcerative colitis is described in a 61 year-old Japanese male. Primary biliary cirrhosis was diagnosed on the basis of characteristic histologic findings and a positive serum mitochondrial antibody test. Ulcerative colitis was diagnosed from typical findings on colonoscopy and the histologic features of a sigmoid colon biopsy specimen. This is the 12th report of a patient presenting with the combination of primary biliary cirrhosis and ulcerative colitis. The potential autoimmune relationships on the basis of these conditions are discussed.
Colitis, Ulcerative↗
[Relationship between the fecal mutagenicity and metal content, smoking habit and dietary intake].
OBJECTIVE: The study was carried out to collect basic data on exposure of mucous cells of the large intestine to mutagens by investigating the genotoxicity of fecal samples from the urban population. Simultaneously, relations with food intake (food groups and nutritive components), lifestyle factors and fecal metal content was investigated. METHODS: A total of 199 self-collected fecal samples from middle aged healthy volunteer living in urban areas of Osaka city were freeze-dried and ground in a mill. The mutagenicity of aqueous extracts of the ground samples was measured by the umu-test. Metal content of the feces was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometlly. On the day previous to the feces collection, the contents of meals were recorded and confirmed by interview with a dietitian. Quantification of nutritive components was carried out using the 4th edition of the Japan Food Standard Vomposition Table. RESULTS: Mutagenicity of feces was higher in males than in females, and in those aged 40-49 years than 50-69 years in males but not females. Large differences were found for content of 8 metals in the feces; concentrations were in the decreasing order of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, zinc, iron, manganese and copper, the highest being 20.4 mg for calcium and the lowest was 53.5 micrograms for copper. Between the metal contents and mutagenicity, values for zinc and iron showed positive correlations and for sodium a negative correlation under S9(+) conditions. A weak but significant correlation was observed between the numbers of cigarettes smoked per day and S9 (+) mutagenicity. However we could not find any relation with food groups or nutritive components. CONCLUSION: It is well known that human feces contain many mutagens and carcinogens and that these can act directly on the mucous membrane of large intestine. Therefore, it is very important to estimate exposure levels. From the present data we can conclude that relations between mutation-activity of the feces and diet are complex. Their elucidation will require a large number of volunteers who have similar living conditions to obtain appropriate data.
Adult↗
Plasma fibrinogen and coronary heart disease in urban Japanese.
There is little information on the relation of plasma fibrinogen concentration to the risk of coronary heart disease in Asians, including Japanese, whose plasma fibrinogen concentration has been reported to be low by Western standards. The authors conducted a prospective study with 4.8 years of follow-up of 11,977 men and women aged 21-89 years (mean value of fibrinogen = 267 mg/dl) living or working in Osaka, Japan, in 1990-1996 to examine the relation of plasma fibrinogen with the incidence of coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction and angina pectoris). Mean fibrinogen concentration was 293.6 mg/dl for men who developed coronary heart disease (n = 35) compared with 261.6 mg/dl for men free of coronary heart disease (n = 8,094; difference, p < 0.01), and 355.2 mg/dl for women who developed coronary heart disease (n = 6) compared with 276.8 mg/dl for women free of coronary heart disease (n = 3,842; difference, p < 0.01). With a Cox proportional hazards model to adjust for cardiovascular risk factors, the relative risk for the highest fibrinogen quartile (> or =295 mg/dl) compared with the lowest (<228 mg/dl) was 4.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.4, 16.8, p = 0.01) for coronary heart disease, and 3.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.1, 13.4, p = 0.04) for myocardial infarction. Plasma fibrinogen is useful to predict the risk of coronary heart disease among urban Japanese, whose mean plasma fibrinogen is relatively low.
Adult↗
Absence of Wee1 ensures the meiotic cell cycle in Xenopus oocytes.
Meiotic cells undergo two successive divisions without an intervening S phase. However, the mechanism of S-phase omission between the two meiotic divisions is largely unknown. Here we show that Wee1, a universal mitotic inhibitor, is absent in immature (but not mature) Xenopus oocytes, being down-regulated specifically during oogenesis; this down-regulation is most likely due to a translational repression. Even the modest ectopic expression of Wee1 in immature (meiosis I) oocytes can induce interphase nucleus reformation and DNA replication just after meiosis I. Thus, the presence of Wee1 during meiosis I converts the meiotic cell cycle into a mitotic-like cell cycle having S phase. In contrast, Myt1, a Wee1-related kinase, is present and directly involved in G(2) arrest of immature oocytes, but its ectopic expression has little effect on the meiotic cell cycle. These results strongly indicate that the absence of Wee1 in meiosis I ensures the meiotic cell cycle in Xenopus oocytes. Based on these results and the data published previously in other organisms, we suggest that absence of Wee1 may be a well-conserved mechanism for omitting interphase or S phase between the two meiotic divisions.
Animals↗
A clinicopathologic study of primary small intestine lymphoma: prognostic significance of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-derived lymphoma.
BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether the presence of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has prognostic implications for patients with primary small intestine lymphoma. METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 80 patients with primary small intestine lymphoma were examined retrospectively in relation to the presence of MALT lymphoma. Survival was compared univariately and multivariately among the groups divided by clinicopathologic findings. RESULTS: Twenty-one cases (26%) were diagnosed as low grade B-cell lymphoma (15 marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type, 2 mantle cell lymphoma, and 4 follicle center lymphoma), 46 cases (58%) were diagnosed as high grade B-cell lymphoma (19 secondary large cell lymphoma with a low grade MALT component, 17 diffuse large cell lymphoma without MALT features, 7 Burkitt lymphoma, and 3 lymphoblastic lymphoma), and 13 cases (16%) were diagnosed as T-cell lymphoma. A significantly better survival was noted for patients without colorectal and/or gastric involvement, diffuse infiltration under macroscopy, high grade histology, and perforation. Those patients with MALT type tumors, less advanced stage of disease, B-cell phenotype, benign lymphoid follicular hyperplasia, and radical tumor resectability appeared to have a better survival rate. Based on Cox multivariate analysis, early stage disease and MALT-derived tumors were determined to be independent prognostic factors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of MALT-derived lymphoma appears to have a favorable prognosis among patients with primary small intestinal lymphoma.
Adolescent↗
Important role of the hepatic vagus nerve in glucose uptake and production by the liver.
We examined the role of the hepatic vagus nerve in hepatic and peripheral glucose metabolism. To assess endogenous glucose production (EGP), hepatic uptake of first-pass glucose infused intraportally (HGU), and the metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCR), rats were subjected to hepatic vagotomy (HV, n = 7) or sham operation (SH, n = 8), after 10 days, they were then subjected to a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp together with a portal glucose load in the 24-hour fasting state. Metabolic parameters were determined by the dual-tracer method using stable isotopes. During the experiment, [6,6-2H2]glucose was continuously infused into the peripheral vein. To maintain euglycemia (4.5 mmol/L), insulin (54 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and glucose were infused peripherally after the 90-minute tracer equilibration and 30-minute basal periods, and glucose containing 5% enriched [U-13C]glucose was infused intraportally (50 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) for 120 minutes (clamp period). EGP was significantly higher in HV rats versus SH rats during the basal period (64.3 +/- 7.6 v 43.6 +/- 5.3 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < .005)) and was comparable to EGP in SH rats during the clamp period (9.3 +/- 21.5 v 1.1 +/- 11.7 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)). HGU was reduced in HV rats compared with SH rats during portal glucose infusion (5.9 +/- 2.4 v 10.1 +/- 3.2 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)). The MCR in HV rats was significantly higher than in SH rats in the basal period (11.0 +/- 2.0 v 7.9 +/- 0.8 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < .01)) and was comparable to the MCR in SH rats during the clamp period (41.9 +/- 10.0 and 36.6 +/- 5.7 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)). We conclude that innervation of the hepatic vagus nerve is important for the regulation of hepatic glucose production in the postabsorptive state and HGU in the postprandial state.
Animals↗
A case study of adult T-cell lymphoma in a kidney transplant patient.
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Adult↗
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy for acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury.
STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of spinal cord injury (SCI) treated with and without hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. OBJECTIVES: To report on the use of HBO in spinal cord injury. SETTING: Neurosurgical Unit, Tokyo, Japan. METHODS: Thirty-four cases of hyperextension spinal cord injury without bone damage and previous history of surgical intervention were divided into two groups, with (HBO) or without (non-HBO) therapy. The neurological findings at admission and their outcomes were evaluated by means of Neurological Cervical Spine Scale (NCSS)1 and the average improvement rates in individual groups were compared. RESULTS: The improvement rate ranged from 100% to 27.3% with the mean value of 75. 2% in the HBO group, while these values were 100%, 25.0% and 65.1% respectively in the non HBO group. CONCLUSION: In the HBO group, the improvement rate indicated effectiveness in acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury.
Adult↗
Construction and evaluation of a porcine bacterial artificial chromosome library.
A porcine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library consisting of 103,488 clones has been constructed. The average insert size in the BAC vector was calculated to be 133 kb based on the examination of 189 randomly selected clones, indicating that the library contained 4.4 genome equivalents. The library can be screened by two-step PCR. The first screening step is performed on 22 superpools, each containing 4704 clones (49 x 96 well plates). In the second screening step, 49 plates comprising a superpool are arrayed in a 7 x 7 matrix and 4D-PCR is performed. Screening of the library superpools by PCR for 125 marker sequences selected from different regions of swine genome revealed 123 sequences, indicating that the library is not biased. Subsequent screenings (4D-PCR) were successfully applied for identification of clones containing each marker sequence. This porcine BAC library and the PCR screening system are useful for isolation of genomic DNA fragments containing desired sequences.
Animals↗
Evaluation of gut motility in type II diabetes by the radiopaque marker method.
BACKGROUND: The clinical usefulness of the radiopaque marker method for detecting diabetic gastrointestinal motility disturbances, was evaluated by examining 21 type II diabetes subjects who did not have any neuropathic symptoms. METHODS: After administration of a Sitzmark capsule, markers were located using plain abdominal radiographs, and the transit time of the markers through seven areas of digestive tract was calculated by Arhan's methods. The plasma concentration of acetaminophen at 45 min after oral administration was measured to evaluate gastric emptying time. The coefficient of variation of R-R intervals on the electrocardiograms (CV(R-R)) was measured to evaluate parasympathetic autonomic function. RESULTS: In the diabetics, the average (+/- SD) transit time through upper digestive tracts was slightly but not significantly elongated compared with control subjects (14.4 +/- 8.3 vs 9.9 +/- 6.1 h). Significant elongation was observed in transit time through the lower digestive tracts or the whole gut (44.6 +/- 20.9 and 57.9 +/- 22.3 h, respectively) compared with control subjects (23.3 +/- 8.5 and 33.2 +/- 11.0 h). The transit time of the markers from stomach to small intestine was highly correlated (r = 0.693) with plasma concentration of acetaminophen. The transit time through either the whole colon (r = 0.564) or the whole gut (r = 0.630) was highly correlated with CV(R-R). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the radiopaque marker method is a useful tool for detecting the sections of the digestive tract responsible for gut motility disturbances. In type II diabetics with no neuropathic symptoms, the lower digestive tracts may deteriorate prior to the impairment of upper digestive tracts.
Acetaminophen↗