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Biomedical subjects

M Hosoi

Publications and source records attributed to M Hosoi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Ultrastructural study of lysosomes in rat pancreas in endotoxin shock--with reference to electron histochemical characterization].

The ultrastructural alteration of Langerhans' islet cells as well as acinar structure in endotoxin shock was investigated in virtue of the electron histochemical procedures. One hour after administration of endotoxin, swelling and loss of cristae of the mitochondria, dilatation of the cisterna of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and swelling of the secretory granules in the B cell of Langerhans' islet cell were observed. On the contrary, the teleinsular acinar cells disclosed relatively intact ultrastructure, while the periinsular acinar cells showed in rather remarkable changes, such as the swollen mitochondria and obliteration of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Four hours after administration of endotoxin, increase of the autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the acinar cells and in B cells of the Langerhans' islet cells were observed. Electron histochemical study disclosed the increase of rather small primary lysosomes in B cells of the Langerhans' islet cells, comparing to those of the acinar cells in normal condition. However, one hour after administration of endotoxin, acid phosphatase activity was activated and dispersed reactive substances were discernible in the cytoplasm of the B cells as well as intercellular and perivascular spaces.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

The role of macrophages in preventing metastasis of a homotransplantable hamster lymphoma.

The roles of macrophages in preventing metastasis of a homotransplantable lymphoma were studied in Syrian golden hamsters. Removal of the primary tumor led to enhanced development of metastatic foci. Macrophage activities as demonstrated by macrophage spreading and cytostatic activity were augmented in tumor-bearing hosts, but depressed in tumor-resected hosts. Metastases were facilitated by treatment with silica, an agent that blocks macrophage functions. These results may suggest that immune-activated macrophages contribute to the inhibition of metastases. Metastases were completely inhibited by local irradiation of the primary tumors but such an effect was abolished by the resection of irradiated tumors. Irradiated tumor cells may work as potent immunogens to augment the generation of immune-activated macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of extracorporeally induced systemic hyperthermia on cell-mediated immunity].

We have studied the effects of extracorporeally induced systemic hyperthermia on cell-mediated immunity in 12 patients. Also, the effect of heating and anti-cancer drugs on ADCC activity 3 Plaque forming method and 51Cr release method) and NK activity (51Cr release method. target: K-562 cells) of normal human lymphocytes was studied in vitro. The following results were obtained: Lymphocytes, T-cells and IgGFcR+ T-cells counts slightly decreased during the hyperthermotherapy in patients. During initiation of the hyperthermotherapy (Rectal temp. 41.6-41.8 degrees), ADCC activity, PHA, and Con-A induced lymphocyte blastogenesis were slightly depressed, while NK activity was slightly enhanced. At the end of the hyperthermia, ADCC activity, lymphocyte blastogenesis and NK activity were extremely depressed. In vitro, 1 hour of heating at more than 40 degrees C extremely depressed ADCC activity. By heating at 42 degrees C, ADCC activity was depressed depending on heating time, while NK activity was slightly enhanced for the first 10 minutes and then depressed depending on heating time. The administration of anti-cancer drugs (MMC, 5-FU, ADM) did not affect NK activity at all during the heating at 42 degrees C. From these results, it is highly suggested that immunopotentiators should be used during extracorporeally induced systemic hyperthermia in order to make up for the depressed cell-mediated immunity.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical practice of systemic hyperthermia therapy and physiological responses of the host].

Hyperthermia is a totally different modality from existing treatment modalities. Systemic hyperthermia (S-HT) is effective against advanced tumors which make resistance to conventional cancer therapies. In S-HT, it is essential and very important to manage cardio-pulmonary function in good condition. Especially, PEEP (about 7 cm H2O) is very effective to prevent lung edema. Fifty-four patients with a variety of neoplasms were subjected to S-HT, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. S-HT was performed under general anesthesia by using extracorporeal circuit in corporating a heat exchanger. Usually, S-HT was given for 4-8 hours with 41.5-42.0 degrees C at 2 weeks intervals. Out of 25 evaluable cases, response was obtained in 11 cases (44%) including 2 cases of complete response. Cardio-pulmonary performance was evaluated using a flow directed pulmonary artery catheter (Swan-Ganz catheter). At treatment temperature, all patients showed hyperdynamic conditions and developed a two-fold mean increase in cardiac index. Altogether 172 treatment sessions were associated with sinus tachycardia and a reduction in diastolic pressures. Laboratory abnormalities included thrombocytopenia without sign of D.I.C., moderate hyperglycemia, mild degree of hypophosphatemia, hypolcalemia and transient elevations in liver enzymes. Serum creatinine levels were elevated in all treatment sessions without elevation of serum BUN. Serum levels of calcium and magnesium were stable. All of abnormalities and toxicities were decreased within 1 to 2 weeks after treatments. It is suggested that with carefully monitored conditions S-HT be performed safely without heart failure.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Continuous brachial plexus block for replantation in the upper extremity.

For replantation surgery, continuous brachial plexus block was employed using supraclavicular or axillary approach. Of a total of fifty blocks, forty-seven (94%) gave adequate surgical analgesia throughout the operations. No serious complication appeared in this series. Pneumothorax was detected in one supraclavicular block, but no surgical drainage was required. One patient had paraesthesia in the blocked arm, but it subsided within a month. No toxic reaction was recognised in spite of high dose of anaesthetic agents. Thus continuous brachial plexus block has been ascertained to be safe, reliable, and useful for the replantation and other prolonged operations in the upper extremity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The problems in replantation of limbs amputated through the upper arm region.

We performed three replantations at the upper arm: two patients had severely crushed arms and one patient was at advanced age (50 years). One replanted arm was reamputated because of severe neuralgia 1 year, 3 months after replantation. In the other two cases, sensation was recovered to fingertips and powerful motion of the elbow joint was gained. However, pinch or grasp was impossible because of insufficient reinnervation to the extensor muscles. In replantation at the proximal region, recovery of motor function generally tends to be poor especially in a crush injury or in the case of advanced age. Therefore we consider that the decision about arm replantation at the upperarm region should be made more strictly than with a distal amputation.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed1976

Immune response against hamster erythrocytes in the low-responder mouse strains. XI. Strain difference in the effects of various microbial adjuvants.

Enhancing and suppressing effects of microbial adjuvants were studied in female mice of the C3H/He, AKR and SL strains. Propionibacterium acnes, Bordetella pertussis, BCG and yeast cell wall (YCW) were chosen as adjuvants. As antigens, we chose hamster erythrocytes (HRBC) which proved to be a weak antigen for mice. Adjuvants were given on day --7, day 0 or day 3, and HRBC were injected on day 0. The results were as follows. 1) P. acnes facilitated IgM and IgG antibody production in AKR mice and suppressed IgM antibody production in SL mice, when given on day --7. When P. acnes was given on day 0, they suppressed IgM antibody production in all of the strains used. 2) When B. pertussis was given on day 0, it exhibited enhancing effects on IgG antibody production in all of the strains and a suppressing effect on IgM antibody production in SL mice. 3) BCG suppressed IgM antibody production in all strains when given on day 0. 4) YCW showed no influence on antibody production in any combination used in this work. 5) SL mice were very sensitive to suppressing effects by adjuvants. Strain differences in the expression of enhancing and suppressing effects by adjuvants appear to be under some control independent of antigen-specific immune response genes.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗