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M Hosoi

Publications and source records attributed to M Hosoi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Immunological evidence that kidney is primary source of circulating inactive prorenin in rats.

To determine whether or not rat plasma inactive renin is prorenin, specific antibodies were raised against two 15-amino acid peptides, Pro-NH2 and Pro-COOH, which contained the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal sequences, respectively, of the prosegment of rat prorenin. Inactive renin was measured after trypsin treatment. Immunoaffinity chromatography of normal rat plasma on anti-Pro-NH2 and anti-Pro-COOH immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Sepharose showed that about one-half the amount of inactive renin was prorenin, whereas the rest was neither prorenin nor renin. Thus trypsin treatment of the unfractionated plasma does not provide measurement of the concentration of prorenin. However, fractionation of plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography on G3,000SW columns followed by trypsin treatment led to the measurement of prorenin. Prorenin and active renin concentrations in the normal plasma of conscious rats were 44.3 +/- 5.8 and 13.3 +/- 1.4 (SE) ng ANG I.h-1.ml-1, respectively (n = 10). On the other hand, plasma inactive renin from rats at 24 h after bilateral nephrectomy bound to neither anti-Pro-NH2 nor anti-Pro-COOH IgG immunoaffinity columns, and the enzymatic activity after trypsin treatment was not inhibited by anti-mature renin IgG. These results demonstrate that inactive renin from nephrectomized rats was not prorenin. Thus the kidney is the primary source of circulating prorenin in rats.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Disproportional release of differently glycosylated forms of human renin by furosemide.

Concanavalin A (con A) chromatography of human plasma revealed the presence of three differently glycosylated forms of active renin(AR) and prorenin(PR), including the con A unbound forms(AR-I and PR-I), the loosely-bound forms (AR-II and PR-II), and the tightly-bound forms (AR-III and PR-III). These three forms of AR and PR were observed in human renal extracts. Normal male volunteers were intravenously given the diuretic furosemide (20 mg), kept standing for one hr and the effect on each form of renin was examined. These treatments elevated the plasma concentrations of AR-I, II and III by 2.1 +/- 0.2, 2.6 +/- 0.5, and 6.3 +/- 1.1-fold, respectively (n = 12), thereby indicating that the increase in AR-III was significantly larger than that in the other two forms (P less than 0.01). This disproportional increase was accompanied by a significant increase in the relative percent of AR-III in plasma from 21.6 +/- 2.5 to 42.2 +/- 3.0% (P less than 0.01). On the other hand, increase in the plasma levels of PR-I, II, and III was small (1.4 +/- 0.1, 1.0 +/- 0.1, and 1.1 +/- 0.2-fold, respectively). These results provide evidence for the presence of differently glycosylated forms of AR and PR in human plasma and suggest the preferential release of AR-III with the acute stimulation of renin, by furosemide.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Conversion to renin of exogenously administered recombinant human prorenin in liver and kidney of monkeys.

Highly purified recombinant human prorenin, labeled with 125I (125I-prorenin), was intravenously given to monkeys to examine the possible in vivo conversion of this prorenin to renin. 125I-prorenin and 125I-renin were detected using specific anti-prorenin prosegment antibody and anti-renin antibody, respectively. The plasma disappearance of immunoreactive 125I-prorenin in marmosets showed two exponential components with a half-life of 10.4 +/- 0.2 min for the rapid component and 165.7 +/- 12.6 min for the slow component. Fifteen minutes after the injection of 125I-prorenin, 38.7 +/- 2.8 and 3.9 +/- 0.5% of the administered dose accumulated in the liver and kidney, respectively. Less than 1% of the dose injected distributed in the other organs, including the brain, submandibular gland, lung, heart, aorta, adrenal gland, spleen, uterus, ovary, and testis. Thus the labeled prorenin was predominantly taken up by the liver and kidney. Analysis of liver and kidney extracts and plasma, by both gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, demonstrated that 125I-prorenin (Mr = 46,000) taken up by the liver and kidney was significantly converted to 125I-renin (Mr = 42,000), whereas only a negligible amount of 125I-renin (Mr = 42,000) was present in the plasma. Although there seems to be no activation of prorenin in the blood circulation, prorenin does seem to be activated by the liver and kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Physiological and morphological characteristics of periodontal mesencephalic trigeminal neurons in the cat--intra-axonal staining with HRP.

Intra-axonal recording and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection techniques were employed to define the response properties of periodontal mechanoreceptive afferents originating from the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vmes) and their morphological characteristics. The periodontal Vmes neurons were classified into two types: slowly adapting (SA) and fast adapting (FA) types. The central terminals of 7 SA and 4 FA afferents were recovered for detailed analyses. The whole profile of SA and FA neurons were unipolar in shape and their cell bodies were located in the dorsomedial parts of the Vmes. The united (U) fiber traveled caudally from the soma to the dorsolateral aspect of the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo), where it split into the peripheral (P) and C fibers with a T- or Y-shaped appearance. The P fiber joined the trigeminal sensory or motor tract. The C fiber descended caudally within Probst's tract. All 3 stem fibers issued main collaterals. The main collaterals of all neurons examined formed terminal arbors in the supratrigeminal nucleus (Vsup) and all but two SA neurons projected to the intertrigeminal region (Vint), while the projections to other nuclei of the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo), juxtatrigeminal region (Vjux), main sensory nucleus (Vp) and oral nucleus (Vo.r) differed between SA and FA afferents and between neurons of the same type. The SA and FA neurons were classified into three and two subgroups, respectively. The major differences in central projections between the two types were that all the FA neurons projected to the Vp or Vo.r but none of SA type and this relation was reversed in the projection to the Vjux, and that more than half of SA neurons projected to Vmo but only one FA neuron to the Vmo. The Vmes neurons which sent their collaterals into the Vmo had the P fiber passing through the tract of the trigeminal motor nerve. The average size of somata and mean diameters of U fibers and main collaterals from C fiber were significantly larger in SA neurons than FA neurons. The average size of fiber varicosities became smaller in the following nuclei, Vmo, Vsup, Vp, Vint and Vo.r, but not significant between the two functional types. The functional role of the periodontal Vmes afferents to jaw reflexes was discussed particularly with respect to their central projection sites in the brainstem nuclei.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1989

Modification of glycosylation of renin in sodium-depleted and captopril-treated rats.

Concanavalin A (con A) chromatography of rat plasma revealed the presence of three differently glycosylated forms of renin, including the con A unbound form (renin C), the loosely bound form (renin A), and the tightly bound form (renin B). Rat renal cortical slices in vitro secreted all these forms. They had a different half-life in the plasma after ligation of both renal artery and vein (half-life of 21 +/- 1, 14 +/- 3, and 35 +/- 4 min for renin A, B, and C, respectively). Thus differently glycosylated forms of renin are released from the kidney into the blood circulation and disappear, with a different half-life. Rats were sodium-depleted and captopril-treated (40-60 mg.kg-1.day-1) for 2 wk, and the effects of these treatments on relative proportions of renin A, B, and C were investigated. These treatments elevated plasma renin concentration approximately 60-fold (from 24 +/- 3 to 1,406 +/- 128 ng angiotensin I.h-1.ml-1; P less than 0.01), in association with an increase in the relative percent of renin C in the plasma from 22 +/- 2 to 39 +/- 3% (P less than 0.01). Moreover, the relative proportion of renin C released from the renal cortical slices was significantly higher in the treated than in the control rats (42 +/- 9 vs. 16 +/- 3% of secreted renin, respectively; P less than 0.02). These results show that the predominant release of renin C, with the longest half-life (35 min) in the plasma, contributes to the increased plasma renin concentration in sodium-depleted and captopril-treated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the breast. Report of a case].

Primary osteogenic sarcoma (POS) of the breast is very rare. Only eleven cases have been previously reported in Japan. In this paper, we report an additional case of POS. A 30 year old female was admitted to our hospital with chief complaint of rapidly growing mass of the right breast. She was diagnosed carcinoma of the right breast and underwent a radical mastectomy (Br + Ax + Mj + Mn). Histological findings of the resected tissues revealed POS of the breast. After three months from the operation, local recurrence was demonstrated by an incisional biopsy. One more months later, chest X-P revealed bilateral lung metastases. Irradiation with 60Co for recurrence and chemotherapy using vincristine, methotrexate for distant metastases were not effective. However, cisplatin caused the necrosis of local recurrent tumor. She died nine months after operation. At autopsy, extended metastasis of tumor cells diffusely to the pleura, lungs, liver, adrenal glands, pancreas, peritoneum, fifth lumbar vertebra, skull, dura mater and left pulmonary hilar lymph nodes was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Septic shock].

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Humans↗
PubMed1988

Heterogeneity of glycosylation of circulating active and inactive renin.

Concanavalin A chromatography was used to examine rat plasma and the incubation medium of rat renal cortical slices, the objective being to assess the heterogeneity of glycosylation of active and inactive renin. Inactive renin was measured by activation with trypsin. Concanavalin A chromatography could separate both active and inactive renin in the plasma into three forms, including the unbound form, the loosely-bound form and the tightly-bound form, thereby suggesting the presence of differently glycosylated forms of active and inactive renin in the plasma. Rat renal cortical slices secreted all these three forms of active and inactive renin, hence these forms are mainly of renal origin. These results suggest that differently glycosylated forms of active and inactive renin are released from the kidney into the blood circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Morphological characteristics of low-threshold primary afferents in the trigeminal subnuclei interpolaris and caudalis (the medullary dorsal horn) of the golden hamster.

Intra-axonal recording and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection techniques were employed to define the response characteristics of low-threshold, rapidly conducting trigeminal primary afferents and the morphological features of their axon arbors in subnucleus interpolaris and subnucleus caudalis (or the medullary dorsal horn; these last two terms are used synonomously throughout the paper). A total of 61 such afferents were characterized and recovered. Of these, ten gave rapidly adapting (RA) and 17 slowly adapting (SA type I) responses to vibrissa deflection. Twenty were sensitive to guard hair deflection and 14 were responsive to indentation of the hairy skin. The vibrissa-sensitive primary afferents were all quite similar morphologically. Primary collaterals proceeded directly, in a radial fashion, to their zone of termination and gave rise to dense and compact arbors. These tended to be larger in the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) than in interpolaris and they also gave rise to more boutons in the former nucleus. Guard hair afferents generally had smaller arbors and gave rise to fewer boutons than vibrissa-sensitive axons. Like vibrissa afferents, their arbor were generally circumscribed in both interpolaris and MDH, but they were larger in the latter nucleus. Skin-sensitive afferents had arbors that tended to be somewhat larger than those of vibrissa- or guard-hair-related fibers. Unlike the other fiber types, the arbors of skin-sensitive afferents were on average larger in interpolaris than MDH. Quantitative analysis of the morphological data from well-filled examples from each of these four functional types verified our qualitative impressions regarding differences between interpolaris and MDH collaterals of a given fiber-type. Statistical comparison of data from different functional classes indicated trends that supported our qualitative impressions, but none of these was statistically significant. The topography of the trigeminal primary afferent input to interpolaris was organized such that the head was inverted and fibers with caudal receptive fields terminated in the lateral portion of the nucleus. This was true for all of the functional afferent types that we examined. Vibrissa-related fibers differed from nonvibrissa afferents in that they tended to avoid the most rostral portion of interpolaris. In the MDH, the primary afferent representation of the head was also inverted, but fibers with caudal facial receptive fields tended to terminate medially rather than laterally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Oral and facial representation in the trigeminal principal and rostral spinal nuclei of the cat.

Transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to study the patterns of termination of somatic afferent fibers innervating oral and facial structures within the principal nucleus (Vp), nucleus oralis (Vo), and nucleus interpolaris (Vi). The primary trigeminal afferent fibers that innervate the oral cavity supplied by the pterygopalatine, superior alveolar, lingual, buccal, and inferior alveolar branches, as well as the facial skin supplied by the frontal, corneal, zygomatic, infraorbital, auriculotemporal, mylohyoid, and mental branches, were traced in this experiment. The results show that trigeminal afferent nerves that innervate the oral cavity project mainly to the principal nucleus, the rostrodorsomedial part (Vo.r) and dorsomedial division (Vo.dm) of pars oralis, and the dorsomedial region of pars interpolaris, while an extensive overlap of projections is found in the Vo.r, Vo.dm, and rostral Vi. The central processes of fibers innervating the anterior face (i.e., mental, infraorbital, and frontal nerves) terminate in the ventral division of principalis (Vpv), caudal region pars oralis (Vo.c), and ventrolateral Vi, with the largest numbers of terminals being found in the Vpv and Vi. In contrast, the central projection patterns of the corneal, zygomatic, mylohyoid, and auriculotemporal afferents are different from those of other afferent nerves examined, and present a discrete projection to the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (TSNC). The corneal, mylohyoid, and auriculotemporal afferents mainly project to the restricted regions of principalis and caudal Vi, while zygomatic afferent nerve fibers project to the caudal third of pars interpolaris. The typical somatotopic organization with the face of the mouth open inverted is represented in the rostrocaudal midlevels of the Vpv and caudal pars interpolaris. The Vpd receives topographical projection from primary afferent nerves that innervate the oral structure only, while this projection was organized in a complicated manner. The relationship between the functional segregation and the cytoarchitectonic differentiation of the TSNC is discussed, particularly with respect to this somatotopic organization, combined with the characteristics of projecting cells in the TSNC.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Oral and facial representation within the medullary and upper cervical dorsal horns in the cat.

Transganglionic transport of HRP was used to study the patterns of termination of somatic afferent fibers innervating oral and facial structures within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and upper cervical dorsal horn of the cat. In separate animals, the superior alveolar, pterygopalatine, buccal, inferior alveolar, lingual, frontal, corneal, zygomatic, infraorbital, mental, mylohyoid, and auriculotemporal branches of the trigeminal nerve were traced in this experiment. The organization of the primary afferents innervating the oral structures is not uniform across laminae and at different rostrocaudal levels of the nucleus caudalis. The superior alveolar and pterygopalatine nerves mainly terminate in laminae I, II, and V at the level of the rostral one-third of the caudalis. By contrast, the lingual, inferior alveolar, and buccal nerve terminate in laminae I-V of, respectively, the rostral third, the entire length, and caudal two-thirds of the caudalis. In addition, the lingual, buccal, and pterygopalatine nerves terminate in the dorsal and middle parts of the interstitial islands or pockets of lamina I neuropil extending to the rostral levels parallel to the nucleus interpolaris. Mediolaterally, in laminae I, II, and V of the rostral third an extensive overlap of projections was found between the branches from each trigeminal division, and some overlap was observed between projections from the mandibular and maxillary divisions. On the other hand, the projections of primary afferents innervating the facial structures are arranged in a somatotopic fashion in rostrocaudal and mediolateral axes over the laminae (I-IV) through the nucleus caudalis and upper cervical dorsal horn. Fibers from the perioral and perinasal regions terminate most rostrally in caudalis, and fibers from progressively more posterior facial regions terminate at successively lower levels. A mediolateral somatotopic arrangement was observed, with fibers from the ventral parts of face ending in the medial regions and fibers from the progressively more dorsal parts of the face ending in successively more lateral regions of the medullary and upper cervical dorsal horns. Corneal afferent terminals are concentrated in the outer parts of lamina II at the levels of the rostral parts of the caudal two-thirds of the caudalis and the interstitial islands of lamina I. The maxillary division terminates first at the most caudal level of the caudalis, followed by the ophthalmic division descending as far as the C2 segment and the mandibular division reaching the most caudal level of the C2 segment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1985

Identification of Escherichia coli by detection of hydroquinone and uracil in the urine system.

For rapid identification of Escherichia coli, changes of urinary metabolites incubated with E. coli were investigated by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. Hydroquinone and uracil were detected and the normal urinary constituent 4-deoxythreonic acid was found to diminish in urine incubated with E. coli. Hydroquinone could not be detected in urine incubated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although uracil was detected in normal urine, urine incubated with E. coli showed an increased uracil level. Urine incubated with K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens or P. aeruginosa evidenced no such change. A decrease of 4-deoxythreonic acid was noted in urine incubated with S. marcescens or P. aeruginosa. In 7.0 X 10(7) cells of E. coli, 0.33-2.36 micrograms of hydroquinone and 13.4-42.0 micrograms of uracil were detected after 3 h of incubation at 38 degrees C, and production was not changed after 4, 5 or 8 h of incubation. These results suggest that the detection of hydroquinone and uracil in urine is useful for rapid identification of E. coli.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1985

Availability of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid for rapid identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens.

Gas chromatography--mass spectrometry has been used to identify specific metabolites produced by Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in a defined medium. 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid was detected in spent culture media of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens, but could not be detected in those of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The production of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid was recognized by the addition of nicotinic acid in urine with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Serratia marcescens, but not without the addition of nicotinic acid. Among 10(5) Pseudomonas aeruginosa per 1 ml of urine (criteria for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection), 0.15 microgram of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid was detected in urine at 4 h incubation with nicotinic acid at the optimum pH of 6.9, 38 degrees C. The production of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid was proportional to the number of the bacteria and displayed a time dependency. These results suggest that the availability of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid might make for more rapid identification of bacteria than current methods.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1985

Pelvic perfusion hyperthermia for advanced pelvic malignancies.

Pelvic perfusion hyperthermia (PPH) for malignant gynecologic diseases in the pelvis was performed for four hours with favorable results. Serial monitoring of chemotherapeutic drug concentrations in the blood, tissues and circuit showed that the drugs were satisfactorily incorporated into the tumor bearing area and that the systemic leak was minimal with no demonstrable systemic side effects. The temperature of the tumor was kept between 41.8 degrees C and 42.7 degrees C for over three hours. The esophageal temperature was maintained below 40 degrees C throughout the procedure. In one patient, there was an eighty percent reduction in tumor size and in the other, a complete regression of the tumor. We conclude that the PPH is a procedure that warrants further attention as an adjunct to cancer therapy for malignant pelvic tumors.

Adult↗