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Biomedical subjects

M Hoshi

Publications and source records attributed to M Hoshi.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[The applicability of pions to cancer radiotherapy. III. Measurement of x-ray and gamma-rays by NaI detector for the determination of the peak-region in pi- meson exposure].

A method of externally observing the stop-region of pi- meson for monitoring during exposure to a patient is discussed. Negative pi mesic X-rarys, gamma-rays and neutrons are emitted from the region where pi- mesons stop and produce stars. These radiations can be detected outside the exposed patient. Water phantom as normal tissue equivalent material was exposed by pi- mesons at various depths. The resulting gamma-ray yields were determined by counting the gamma-rays in coincidence with incident pi- mesons using a sodium iodide (NaI) detector. This type of gamma-ray measuring system is useful to make sure that the peak position of the depth-dose distribution in the patient is exactly situated at the desired one during exposure. It is suggested that the scintillation camera with a multiholecollimator is a powerful and convenient tool for the two dimensional peak positioning.

Gamma Rays↗
PubMed1984

Anticoagulation therapy for renal insufficiency after burns.

The changes in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and kidney function and the effect of anticoagulation therapy using herapin were investigated in rabbits with full thickness skin loss burns covering 35 per cent of the total body surface area. Determinations of various kidney function tests, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis tests, blood viscosity and haematocrit values were made before burning and after 8 and 24h. Thirty rabbits were divided into a non-therapy group, an intravenous infusion group, a heparin group, an antithrombin III group and an antithrombin III plus heparin group and the results were compared. Oliguria and a disturbance of kidney function were noted 8 h after the burn in the non-therapy group. In the intravenous infusion group urine volume was well maintained although the early stage of non-oliguric renal insufficiency was noted. The changes noted in the intravenous infusion group were prevented almost completely in the heparin group but FENa and CH2O were elevated at 24h probably because antithrombin III activity was markedly depressed. In the antithrombin III group and the antithrombin III plus heparin group, however, creatinine clearance (Clcr) was moderately elevated while FENa and CH2O remained unchanged as compared with the values before the burn. The antithrombin III plus heparin group showed slightly better results than the antithrombin III group in Ucr/Pcr ratio, Clcr and CH2O. The results of the present study indicate that it is extremely effective to initiate appropriate fluid therapy immediately after a burn and to administer antithrombin III concentrate in combination with or without heparin for the prevention of acute renal insufficiency in patients with a severe burn.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in children].

Fundamental and clinical evaluation on ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) was performed and the following results were obtained. As to bacteriological efficacy, bacteria were reduced in the case with S. panama bacteremia, while they were eradicated within 2 to 5 days after CTRX administration in 2 cases with acute urinary tract infections and 1 with recurrent urinary tract infection, both caused with E. coli, and in 1 with acute urinary tract infection with P. mirabilis. The clinical efficacy was excellent in 2 cases and good in 3, the efficacy rate being 100%. No side effects were observed to require the withdrawal of CTRX.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

[The applicability of pions to cancer radiotherapy. I. Experimental measurements of the capture and absorption of pions in polymer].

A future application of negative pions to radiotherapy has arrived at a promising stage. Negative pions, in addition to their good localization characteristics, offer an advantage of favorably influencing biological factors because of differences in the quality of radiation given to a) the treatment volume and b) the intervening normal tissue. By utilizing dose fractionation, the low dose to intervening normal tissue with its low LET allows these tissues to recover better than cells in the treatment volume. In this study the lucite phantom was bombarded with 150 MeV/c and 173 MeV/c negative pions and 173 MeV/c positive pions, respectively, by using the 12 GeV proton synchrotron of the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK). Range-energy relations in the lucite and the remaining curves of pions were observed. The observed range of pions in lucite agreed well with the theoretical prediction. The remaining curves show the different structures for pi+ and pi- mesons. Peak to plateau ratio is ten times.

Elementary Particles↗
PubMed1983

Ascidian sperm chymotrypsin-like enzyme; participation in fertilization.

The action of a chymotrypsin-like enzyme from sperm extract from the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi was studied using several substrates. It was found that the most susceptible substrate had the most powerful inhibitory effect on fertilization in this animal. Among the substrates, the order of susceptibility coincided with the order of inhibitory ability, which indicates that the enzyme is involved in the fertilization process.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Remission phase in childhood diabetes--an investigation of summer campers in Japan.

There are various reports on the remission phase related to insulin response, C-peptide response, demand for exogenous insulin, and incidence and duration of remission etc. Recently, the incidence of remission was reported to be 60% in Europe and America, but these data applied to partial and complete remission. In Japan, we have no generally accepted definition of complete and/or partial remission. In order to investigate remission in childhood diabetes, we sent questionnaires to the consulting doctors of 19 local summer camps for Japanese diabetic children in 1981. In this study, the incidence of complete remission was 4.5% in boys and 2.7% in girls. The incidence of remission including partial remission was 19.6%. The age of remission varied from 2 to 17 years. The mean period between diagnosis and the start of remission was 4.4 months. The mean duration of remission was 16.5 months in boys and 10. 1 months in girls, and the maximum duration was 55 months. The main factor leading to remission was strict control of diabetes with insulin immediately following the onset of diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

An investigation of the usefulness of HbA1 as an index of control of diabetes: from the viewpoint of progress of diabetic retinopathy.

To suppress the progression of diabetic microangiopathies, good control of blood glucose levels must be maintained. We examined the usefulness of glycosylated hemoglobin as an index of control of diabetes using the Markov process for the analysis of the prognosis of retinopathy. Two hundred and ninety-nine diabetics who were followed for over 3 years period in our clinic and whose control states were steady during the observation period were selected for this study. Grade of retinopathy was classified into 4 stages according to Scott's criteria (Stage 1: no retinopathy, Stage 2: Scott Ia and IIa, Stage 3: Scott IIIa and IIIb, Stage 4: Scott IV and V). Glycosylated hemoglobin was measured as Hemoglobin A1 (HbA1), and patients were divided into 4 groups according to their levels of HbA1: Group A: HbA1 less than or equal to 8%, Group B: 8% less than HbA1 less than or equal to 10%, Group C: 10% less than HbA1 less than or equal to 12% and Group D: 12% less than HbA1. We estimated the transitional probability for the course of retinopathy from Stage 1 to Stage 4. After 10 years, Group A was expected to distribute to Stage 1 67%, Stage 2 29%, Stage 3 3% and Stage 41%, Group B to Stage 1 49%, Stage 2 45%, Stage 3 5% and Stage 4 1%, Group C to Stage 1 53%, Stage 2 30%, Stage 3 12% and Stage 4 4%, and Group D to Stage 1 24%, Stage 2 36%, Stage 3 23% and Stage 4 16% respectively (P less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1983

Estimation of pathological changes from clinico-laboratory data in diabetic nephropathy: proposal of a diagnostic aid for diabetic nephropathy.

In the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy, the patho-histological examination of a specimen obtained by autopsy or biopsy is essential. However, if an accurate substituting estimation were available, patients would not be subjected to the risk of biopsy. We have tried to estimate the patho-histological changes in glomeruli from clinico-laboratory data using the relation between the patho-histological changes in glomeruli and clinico-laboratory data in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The coincidence of patho-histological changes and estimated changes from clinico-laboratory data was 90.0% for the 40 internal samples and 72.5% for the 40 external samples. The authors conclude that these results are satisfactory for practical use.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sea urchin sperm aminopeptidase: comparative studies of sperm-associated and -solubilized enzymes.

Aminopeptidase activity was demonstrated in the spermatozoa of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius. The enzyme solubilized from sperm cells was inactivated with bestatin, amastatin, p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate, ZnCl2, and trypsin, whereas that in the intact cells was scarcely affected by these agents. On the other hand, bestatin ethyl ester inactivated the two enzyme forms to almost the same extent. It also inhibited the fertilization process in this species. These results suggest that the aminopeptidase associated with the spermatozoa is shielded with a permeable barrier and plays some role in fertilization.

Aminopeptidases↗