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Biomedical subjects

M Horiba

Publications and source records attributed to M Horiba.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Clinical response of chemotherapeutic agents with different activities on chronic complicated pyelonephritis with renal stone. A proposed index of local antimicrobial activity].

In the treatment of one male patient with chronic pyelonephritis, complicated with renal stone, the pathological state of the renal inflammatory lesion was determined. The patient had been persistently infected by the same strain of S. marcescens for more than a year. When he was treated by several antimicrobial agents, the urinary bacteriological response was well correlated to the MICs of each agent. On the basis of the findings obtained, a new index of local antimicrobial activity was proposed. Analysis of such items as strains appearing after treatment, interval of relapse and the identification of the strains relapsed, were suggestive of the renal inflammatory, and pathological conditions. The clinical response also correlated well with the index. The lesion was considered to be mainly localized in the right lower calyx where a tiny stone existed. This disease is considered curable with effective chemotherapy after withdrawal of the stone. This index should be useful for evaluation of the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

New two-dimensional, echocardiographically directed pericardiocentesis in cardiac tamponade.

Seventeen patients with cardiac tamponade were treated by pericardiocentesis guided by two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography and a needle guide. The needle guide used in the present study was designed so that the needle path lies within the center of the scan thickness. Before actual puncture, the mask method was performed in a water bath so that the needle progress avoided injury. The needle progress was monitored continuously in real time on the display throughout the procedure. Immediate relief from acute cardiac tamponade was obtained in all except one patient, who was treated by pericardiotomy because of insufficient drainage. In two patients, second drainage was performed because of reaccumulation of the pericardial effusion. There were no major complications. Nine patients recovered and the other patients died of underlying disease. Accurate and efficient visualization of the needle might allow a safer procedure. We conclude that pericardiocentesis guided by 2-D echocardiography using a needle guide may be a safe and easily applied technique for the management of pericardial effusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on metabolism and disposition of sizofiran (SPG), an anti-tumor polysaccharide. III. Degradation and excretion of SPG in rats].

Degradation and excretion of Sizofiran (SPG), an anti-tumor polysaccharide, were studied in rats after a single or multiple administration. After a single intravenous injection of [14C]SPG (3 mg/kg), SPG distributed in the liver was degraded at very slow rate to SPG-like substances (SPGLS) having lower molecular weight than that of SPG, while SPG in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node was metabolized at much slower rate than that in the liver. In the experiment with multiple subcutaneous administration, SPG was also found to be present mainly as SPGLS in the liver, but almost as an unchanged SPG in the spleen. SPG was excreted in the urine mainly as metabolites with a molecular weight of less than 10000. These results indicate that degradation of SPG to lower molecular weight-SPGLS is a prerequisite for efficient urinary excretion and the degradation occurs mainly in the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on metabolism and disposition of sizofiran (SPG), an anti-tumor polysaccharide. II. Effects on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system in rats].

The effect of a single or multiple administration of sizofiran (SPG), an anti-tumor polysaccharide, on a hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system was studied in rats. When SPG was given intravenously at a single dose of 0.5 or 10 mg/kg, no alteration was observed in activities of aminopyrine (AP) N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, and in cytochrome P-450 (P-450) content in the livers of rats 48 h after dosing. However, only AP demethylase activity decreased by 34% after the administration of 200 mg/kg. Similarly, no change in the hepatic enzyme activities and P-450 content was observed for up to 180 d after a single dose of 10 mg/kg. Subcutaneous treatment of animals with either 10 or 40 mg/kg dose for 3 and 6 months resulted in no alteration in the enzyme activities and P-450 content. These results may indicate that the therapeutically effective dose of SPG has no effect on a hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system in rats.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed1990

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on isepamicin in chronic complicated urinary tract infection using daily single dose treatment].

To assess the usefulness of single dose treatment with isepamicin (ISP) against chronic complicated urinary tract infection (CC-UTI), laboratory and clinical studies were carried out. The results are summarised as follows. 1. Serum concentrations. Serum concentrations of the drug were assayed for patients after the administration of ISP at a dose of 400 mg by intravenous drip infusion for 30 or 60 minutes. Patients tested consisted of 3 groups with different degrees of renal functions (Ccr: ml/min); 1) normal, 130.8, 2) slightly impaired, 70.8, 3) moderately impaired, 45.9. When the peak/trough concentrations in the 3 groups were compared on 1st-2nd day/5th-6th day of the administration, no significantly different values were recognized among the 3 groups in the peak/trough concentrations. 2. Clinical efficacy Twenty three patients including 18 (78%) patients over 61 years of age were treated at a dose of 400 mg once a day for 4-10 days. Of 21 evaluable cases, 15 (71%) were evaluated as excellent or moderate according to the Japanese UTI criteria. Against the clinical isolates, 21 (68%) out of 31 strains were eradicated after the treatment. 3. Safety Neither subjective side reactions nor clinical abnormal values were encountered throughout the treatment. 4. Conclusions The clinical effectiveness of daily single dose treatment with ISP (400 mg once a day, i.v.d.) was considered to be almost comparable to the treatment with 200 mg twice a day. Furthermore, since no problems on safety were noted even in treating aged patients with slight to moderate renal impairments, the drug appears to be evaluated as highly useful.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical studies on ceftibuten in the urinary field infection].

Efficacies of ceftibuten (CETB, 7432-S, 200 mg/capsule) in urinary tract infections (UTI) were studied. The results of the study are summarized as described below. 1. CETB was administered to 15 complicated chronic cases of UTI using a dose level of 400 mg per day. The efficacy rates determined according to the criteria prescribed by the UTI committee and according to physicians' judgements were 81.8% and 92.3%, respectively. Bacteriological efficacy rates were 100% against Gram-negative rods and 87.5% against Gram-positive cocci. 2. Only 1 case of adverse reaction, slight dizziness, was noted. 3. CETB appears to be the most useful agent of the new oral cephems against strains of Serratia marcescens which are resistant to new quinolones.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Guideline of surgical treatment of prostatic adenocarcinoma].

Based on study of 274 cases of prostate cancer treated in our clinic, selection of patient for radical surgical treatment and choice of procedures were discussed. The radical surgical procedures experienced in our clinic were classified as 31 cases of radical prostatectomy, 4 cases of radical cystoprostatectomy and 7 cases of pelvic exenteration. The endocrine therapy was added to non curative cases postoperatively. In the radical prostatectomy group, the 5-year survival rate of patients with stage A and stage B prostatic adenocarcinoma were 100 and 93 per cent, respectively, and 5-year survival rate of patients who had stage C prostatic adenocarcinoma was 75 per cent. The 5-year survival rates of patients with stage C prostatic adenocarcinoma treated by radical cystoprostatectomy and pelvic exenteration were 50 per cent and 66 per cent, respectively. Cancer recurrence has not seen in the bladder in the patients with stage C prostatic adenocarcinoma treated by radical prostatectomy. Operation of urinary diversion had improved the quality of life. From this data, radical prostatectomy would be indicated for the treatment of patients with stage A, stage B and stage C prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone administered once daily against pyelonephritis].

Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was evaluated for clinical efficacy on uncomplicated and complicated pyelonephritis by administering 2 g once daily for 5 days to 16 female patients between 20 and 65 years old (average: 39.7 years); i.e., 3 with uncomplicated pyelonephritis and 13 with complicated pyelonephritis. The pathogens in all 3 cases of uncomplicated pyelonephritis were E. coli. All of them disappeared after the treatment. Twenty-two strains of 10 strains of bacteria were isolated from the 13 cases of complicated pyelonephritis. Twenty of the 22 (91%) strains disappeared. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the Criteria for Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Antimicrobial Agents on UTI Japan in 15 cases except for 1 case of the complicated type where the CTRX administration was discontinued after the initial dose due to an adverse event. The efficacy rate was 100% in the 3 uncomplicated cases; 'excellent' in 1 case and 'good' in 2, and 92% in 12 of the complicated cases; 'excellent' in 9, 'good' in 2 and 'poor' in 1 (infection was with multiple pathogens including P. aeruginosa). No abnormal values were observed in any cases except for a slight increase in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in one case and skin rash in another case which appeared following the initial dose and required the immediate withdrawal of the drug. CTRX is characterized by a long half-life and shows a strong antibacterial activity against GNRs, especially E. coli. The efficacy rate was high particularly following the initial dose in the acute stage of pyelonephritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

New therapeutic approach to aortic dissection complicated by cardiac tamponade.

The management of aortic dissection with cardiac tamponade may result in increased blood pressure and thereby itself make the aortic dissection worse. Nevertheless, it is important to prevent cardiac failure caused by cardiac tamponade. We describe a case of aortic dissection with cardiac tamponade. Echocardiography and aortography showed DeBakey IIIb-type aortic dissection with retrograde dissection, complicated by cardiac tamponade and aortic insufficiency. To treat this condition, a new therapeutic approach was undertaken. A vasodilator was administered, then pericardiocentesis guided by echocardiography was performed. To prevent abrupt elevation of blood pressure in response to the relief of cardiac tamponade, the pericardial aspiration was carried out slowly--it took four hours for the complete drainage of 415 ml of blood--and a vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, was administered. After drainage, cardiac function was reversed fully, and the systolic pressure was controlled under 140 mmHg. Then, using extra-corporeal circulation, the surgical procedure was performed successfully. We conclude that it is useful to treat cardiac tamponade by controlling blood pressure with slow drainage and use of a vasodilator in preparation for performing the surgical procedure.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1987

[Flomoxef treatment of patients with respiratory tract infections].

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) was administered to 22 patients with respiratory tract infections. The patients consisted of 13 patients with pneumonia, 7 with bronchitis, 1 with bronchiectasis and 1 with pyothorax. The drug was administered by intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion twice a day with doses of 1 to 2 g and total doses ranged from 17 to 64 g. The following results were obtained. 1. Clinical responses to the therapy were excellent in 1 case, good in 10 cases, fair in 4 cases, poor in 4 cases and not determined in 3 cases. Efficacy ratio was 57.9%. 2. As for adverse reactions, exanthema in 1 patient and stomatitis and numbness of tongue in another patient were observed, but these symptoms improved with cessation of the therapy. Abnormal laboratory test values were observed in 5 cases. From these results it appears that FMOX is a valuable antimicrobial agent against patients with respiratory tract infections.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Enzyme immunoassay for mabuterol, a selective beta 2-adrenergic stimulant in the trachea.

A sensitive double antibody and heterologous enzyme immunoassay for mabuterol was established. For competitive reactions, antibody raised against diazotized mabuterol-human serum albumin was incubated with a mixture of diazotized mabuterol analog (RC-1) labeled with beta-D-galactosidase and standard or sample. Free and antibody-bound enzyme hapten were separated using anti-rabbit IgG immobilized on polystyrene balls. Activity of the enzyme on the solid phase was fluorometrically determined. The present immunoassay allows detection of 0.5 to 100 pg/tube of mabuterol. Pharmacokinetic behavior of this agent in human plasma and urine was studied after a single oral administration (50 micrograms). The maximum level was achieved after 2-3 hrs with approximately 280 pg mabuterol /ml of plasma and the half life of mabuterol was estimated to be 19.5 hrs. Cumulative amount of mabuterol in the first 72 hrs urine was 64.3 +/- 13.2% of the administered dose.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

A method for measuring specific activities of 14C-labelled compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer system.

A method for measuring specific activities of 14C-labelled compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer system (GC-MS-CPU) was developed. This method was proved to provide practically precise and accurate specific activities of various 14C-labelled compounds with such merits as requirement of small amount of samples, being applicable to volatile compounds, and convenience. The C.V. percent obtained for tested compounds was within 3.9 and the reliable sensitivity should be over 37 MBq/mM (1 mCi/mM). This method was also useful for obtaining information on the labelling pattern and the synthetic procedures applied.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗