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Biomedical subjects

M Hojat

Publications and source records attributed to M Hojat.

100 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Baccalaureate preparation for medical school: does type of degree make a difference?

Four groups of medical school matriculants (43 with a B.A. degree in social sciences, 68 with a B.A. degree in the humanities, 49 with a B.A. degree in science, and 40 with a B.S. degree in science) were studied. No significant difference was found among the four groups on yearly grade-point averages in medical school or on parts I, II, and III of the examinations of the National Board of Medical Examiners. Those with an undergraduate degree in the humanities considered leaving medical school more frequently than the others. A substantial proportion of medical students with an undergraduate major in the sciences and social sciences reported they would choose the humanities if they were once again high school seniors. Those with a science background were disproportionately more likely than the others to choose residencies in internal medicine and surgery, and those with undergraduate degrees in the humanities and social sciences were more likely to choose psychiatry residencies.

Achievement↗
PubMed1982

Loneliness as a function of selected personality variables.

Hypothesized that in a multivariate statistical model, selected personality variables, depression, anxiety, neuroticism, psychoticism, misanthropy, and external locus of control, could positively predict loneliness, and self-esteem and extraversion could negatively predict loneliness scores. Two groups of Ss were studied independently. Ss in Group I were 232 Iranian college students (156 males, 76 females) who were studying in American colleges. Group II consisted of 305 Iranian students (168 males, 137 females) who were studying in Iranian universities. The obtained results, applying multiple regression analysis, confirmed the directions stated in the research hypothesis. However, some of the selected variables did not contribute significantly in the regression equations. Because of fluctuation of the regression coefficients, due to multicolinearity, the data were subjected to factor analysis. Two factors emerged with eigenvalues greater than unity. Loneliness loaded heavily on the first factor, which was identified as negative attribute of personality.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Loneliness as a function of parent-child and peer relations.

It was hypothesized that those who reportedly did not have a satisfactory relationship with their parents, and those who were not able to establish a meaningful interpersonal relationship with their peers during childhood were more likely to experience loneliness with greater intensity in adulthood. The UCLA Loneliness Scale and a personal data sheet were administered to two groups of subjects independently: 232 Iranian college students (156 males, 76 females) studying in American universities and 305 Iranian students (168 males, 137 females) studying in Iranian universities. The hypothesis were confirmed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attitudes toward physician-nurse collaboration: a cross-cultural study of male and female physicians and nurses in the United States and Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Inter-professional collaboration between physicians and nurses, within and between cultures, can help contain cost and insure better patient outcomes. Attitude toward such collaboration is a function of the roles prescribed in the culture that guide professional behavior. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to test three research hypotheses concerning attitudes toward physician-nurse collaboration across genders, disciplines, and cultures. METHOD: The Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration was administered to 639 physicians and nurses in the United States (n = 267) and Mexico (n = 372). Attitude scores were compared by gender (men, women), discipline (physicians, nurses), and culture (United States, Mexico) by using a three-way factorial analysis of variance design. RESULTS: Findings confirmed the first research hypothesis by demonstrating that both physicians and nurses in the United States would express more positive attitudes toward physician-nurse collaboration than their counterparts in Mexico. The second research hypothesis, positing that nurses as compared to physicians in both countries would express more positive attitudes toward physician-nurse collaboration, was also supported. The third research hypothesis that female physicians would express more positive attitudes toward physician-nurse collaboration than their male counterparts was not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Collaborative education for medical and nursing students, particularly in cultures with a hierarchical model of inter-professional relationship, is needed to promote positive attitudes toward complementary roles of physicians and nurses. Faculty preparation for collaboration is necessary in such cultures before implementing collaborative education.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emergency medicine career change: associations with performances in medical school and in the first postgraduate year and with indebtedness.

OBJECTIVE: Emergency medicine has been identified as the specialty that has gained the most young physicians who have changed their careers. To identify factors that may have contributed to such career changes, the authors compared the characteristics of three groups of physicians trained at their medical school: those who chose and stayed in emergency medicine, those who migrated into emergency medicine from other specialties, and those who moved out of emergency medicine. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted. The sample consisted of physicians who chose emergency medicine as their careers at graduation and stayed in the specialty (n = 24), those who migrated from other specialties into emergency medicine (n = 51), and those who moved out of emergency medicine (n = 10). This sample was obtained from a total of 2,173 graduates of Jefferson Medical College between 1978 and 1987. The three groups of physicians were compared according to their academic performances both during medical school and after graduation. The dependent variables were freshmen and sophomore grade point averages (GPAs), written clinical examination scores, scores on National Board of Medical Examiners examination (Parts I, II, and III), and residency program directors' ratings. Age and indebtedness at medical school graduation and board certification status also were examined. RESULTS: Those physicians who stayed in emergency medicine and those who migrated from other specialties into emergency medicine had similar measures of academic performance, but both of these groups had higher academic performance measures and higher board certification rates than did the physicians who moved out of emergency medicine. Those who stayed in emergency medicine had the highest mean debt in the senior year of medical school. CONCLUSIONS: High academic performance and high indebtedness are factors associated with choosing or staying in the specialty of emergency medicine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the modified essay question and multiple choice question formats: their relationship to clinical performance.

The Department of Family Medicine at Jefferson Medical College has used the modified essay question as the final examination format for its required third-year clerkship since 1976. To compare the family medicine modified essay question format with the multiple choice question format used in the other five required junior clerkships, examination scores from 2,174 Jefferson graduates (1976-1985) were correlated with scores on the examinations of the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), ratings of clinical performance in the required third-year clerkships, and ratings on four global areas of postgraduate competence. Grades on the multiple choice examination in internal medicine consistently yielded the highest correlations with NBME scores and with postgraduate ratings of medical knowledge. Performance on the modified essay examination in family medicine had the lowest correlations in these areas. The family medicine scores, however, consistently yielded the highest correlations with overall third-year clinical performance and with postgraduate performance in the areas of data-gathering skills, clinical judgment, and professional attitudes. These results indicate that the modified essay question format may provide a different and important parameter in the evaluation of medical trainees.

Clinical Competence↗