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Biomedical subjects

M Hirano

Publications and source records attributed to M Hirano.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Anti-asthmatic activity of BB-1502 by inhalation.

The anti-asthmatic activity, pulmonary mechanics and cardiovascular effects of BB-1502 (9-cyclohexyl-2-n-propoxy-9H-adenine) administered by aerosol were evaluated in guinea pigs and dogs and compared with the effects of salbutamol. BB-1502 protected guinea pigs from allergic asthma induced by aerosolized egg albumin antigen. The potency of BB-1502 was approx. 1/7 that of salbutamol when the test drugs and antigen were aerosolized simultaneously, whereas the two drugs were equipotent when administered 60 min prior to the antigen challenge. The duration of the anti-asthmatic action of BB-1502 appeared to be much longer than that of salbutamol. In dogs, BB-1502 and salbutamol showed comparable activity in preventing ascaris antigen-induced asthmatic symptoms. Disodium cromoglycate showed anti-asthmatic activity at high doses while aminophylline was inactive by inhalation. No cardiopulmonary side effects were observed in guinea pigs or dogs following the inhalation of BB-1502. The doses were 800-5,000 times higher than those needed to produce the anti-asthmatic activity. Salbutamol caused significant tachycardia, hypotension and tachypnea at doses 100-300 times its anti-asthmatic dose.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1982

[Moderate dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue therapy in the treatment of head and neck cancer].

A clinical trial of moderate dose methotrexate (MTX)-CF rescue was conducted in 12 institutions. Thirty-seven patients with head and neck carcinoma entered this trial, of which 32 were evaluable. MTX was administered 350 mg/m2 (500 mg/body) by i.v. drip over 6 hours. Three hours after completion of MTX infusion, CF rescue was started. There was no complete response in 32 patients. Nine patients showed partial response with the response rate of 28%. The response rates were 21% for the group of patients treated previously, and 75% for the group untreated previously. MTX concentration in plasma was determined at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the initiation of MTX infusion, and the assay results revealed a safe range. GI disturbances were seen at the rates of 11 to 38%. Bone marrow suppression was mild and no renal toxicity was observed. We concluded that the moderate dose MTX-CF rescue therapy was useful for head and neck carcinoma. As a next step, we are planning to conduct a clinical trial of high-dose MTX.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of levamisole in postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy of stomach cancer--randomized controlled study of MMC-5-FU combination therapy with or without levamisole. 1].

A randomized controlled study by envelope method was carried out with the purpose of evaluating effects and side effects of levamisole in patients with resectable stomach cancer. The patients were randomly allocated to the treatment either with control or levamisole according to the indication of the envelope opened at least 3 days prior to surgery. The control group was treated with Mitomycin C (day 0, 20 mg day 1, 10 mg, one shot i.v.) and 5-FU(150 mg/day, p.o.). The levamisole group was treated with Mitomycin C, 5-FU and levamisole. Levamisole was administered at a daily dose of 150 mg for 3 consecutive days before surgery, and the 3 consecutive days administration schedule was repeated every fortnight for one year after surgery. Four hundred and forty-six patients were entered in this trial. However, with the exclusion of 104 patients as exceptions and dropouts, the total eligible patients were 342, consisting of 167 in the control group and 175 in the levamisole group. The effects were evaluated by comparing the disease-free interval or the survival time of both groups. There was no significant difference in the disease-free interval and survival. In this study, we have not yet reached the conclusion that levamisole is effective in prolonging disease-free interval and survival time, because high survival rates are still maintained in both groups for 2 years after surgery. The final conclusion would be drawn with the follow-up results in the future.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1981

Central location of the motoneurons supplying the thyrohyoid and the geniohyoid muscles as demonstrated by horseradish peroxidase method.

After HRP injection into the geniohyoid muscle labeled neurons were found in the ventral part of the hypoglossal nucleus, extending in the rostral two-thirds (about) of this nucleus. After HRP injection in to the thyrohyoid muscle, the labeled neurons were identified in the lateral part of the caudal one-third (about) of the hypoglossal nucleus and in the dorsomedial part of the ventral horn of C1.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The effect on photosynthetic electron transport of temperature-dependent changes in the fluidity of the thylakoid membrane in a thermophilic blue-green alga.

Various electron transport reactions in cell or isolated thylakoid membranes of the thermophilic blue-green alga, Synechococcus sp. were measured at different temperatures between 72 and 3 degrees C. They are classified into two groups with respect to their temperature dependency. The first group involves cytochrome 553 photooxidation, methyl viologen photoreduction with reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as electron donor and 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-resistant ferricyanide photoreduction determined in the presence or absence of silicomolybdate. The Arrhenius plot of these reactions showed a single straight line with the activation energy of about 10 kcal/mol throughout wide temperature ranges studied. Methyl viologen photoreduction with water as electron donor, reduction of flash-oxidized cytochrome 553, ferricyanide photoreduction and photosynthetic O2 evolution form the second group. Their arrhenius plots are characterized by discontinuities or breaks at about 30 and 10 degrees C, which respectively correspond to the upper and lower boundaries of the lateral phase separation of the membrane lipids. The first group reactions represent short spans of electron transport which are mediated either by Photosystem I or Photosystem II alone and not related to plastoquinone, whereas all the reactions of the second group involve plastoquinone. It is concluded therefore that the membrane fluidity affect electron transport specifically at the region of plastoquinone. It is proposed that the reaction center chlorophyll-protein complexes of both Photosystems I and II are closely associated with related electron carrier proteins to form functional supramolecular assemblies so that electron transfer within such a cluster of proteins proceeds independently of the phase changes in the membrane lipids. On the other hand, the role of plastoquinone as a mobile electron carrier mediating electron transfer from the protein assembly of Photosystem II to that of Photosystem I through the fluid hydrophobic matrix of the membranes is highly sensitive to the physical state of the membrane lipids.

Cell Membrane↗