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Biomedical subjects

M Hidiroglou

Publications and source records attributed to M Hidiroglou.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Morphological studies of front limb deformities in lambs.

Long bones of 16 3- to 6-month-old lambs with bowed forelimbs underwent radiologic, microradiographic and histologic examinations. The distal ends of the radii showed a combination of valgus, flexion and internal rotation. There were thin cortical bone and large marrow cavity adjacent to the growth plate in the radii and metacarpi. Histological studies showed increased numbers of osteoclasts adjacent to the zone of calcified cartilage of the growth plate. The trabeculae of primary and secondary spongiosa were fewer and thinner than those of controls. The length of secondary spongiosa were greatly reduced and the lateral compaction of the metaphysis was defective. The growth plate was normal. The predominant finding was osteoporosis resulting from increased osteoclastic resorption of bone trabeculae.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of dietary manganese on growth and manganese metabolism in sheep.

Three groups of five wethers were each fed ad libitum a practical type diet containing 22, 300, or 3000 ppm of manganese for 8 wk. The wethers then were fistulated and killed 13 h after intraruminal dosing with manganese-54. Several tissues were sampled. Average daily gains and feed/gain ratios of sheep fed diets containing 22 and 300 ppm manganese were similar, but gain was lower and the ratio higher for sheep fed the diet containing 3000 ppm manganese than for those fed other diets. Feed intake was approximately the same for all treatments. Increased dietary manganese increased its concentration in soft tissues and bile. There was also a decrease in the uptake and specific activity of manganese-54 in the liver with increasing dietary manganese. Concentration of copper increased and concentration of zinc decreased in liver of sheep with increasing dietary manganese.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Fate of isotopically labeled cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in sheep.

The fate of tritiated 25-hydroxycholecalciferol administered intramuscularly is compared in two groups of sheep raised either in confinement or outdoors. The uptake of radioactivity was more rapid by the indoor than the outdoor sheep. The assessment of radioactivity in plasma and tissues of outdoor sheep dosed with either tritiated 25-hydroxycholecalciferol or with equivalent amounts of tritiated cholecalciferol revealed that plasma and tissue radioactivity were substantially higher in sheep dosed with tritiated 25-hydroxycholecalciferol than in sheep dosed with tritiated cholecaliferol. Three days after the administration of tritiated cholecalciferol virtually all plasma radioactivity was associated with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Trace elements in the fetal and neonate ruminant: a review.

The placental transfer and localization of four elements, Se, Fe, I and Zn in the ruminant fetus are described in this review. The problems facing the fetus or neonate born from cows or ewes with an inadequate supply of these elements during gestation are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A silent hypocupremic condition in beef cows fed grass silage and the efficacy of sequestered copper to prevent its occurrence.

Three groups of 18 Shorthorn cows were fed, as a sole maintenance diet, grass silage known to produce hypocupremia. Two of these groups were comprised of pregnant cows and the third group of non-pregnant cows. In late Fall, the cows were grouped in inside pens and had free access to a mineral feed. In the mineral feed offered to one of the groups of pregnant cows, 0.25% of sodium chloride was replaced by sequestered copper. The non-supplemented group of pregnant cows showed a decrease in blood plasma copper over wintered and in April, more than half of the animals in this group were hypocupremic. The average copper intake (in the form of sequestered copper) from the mineral feed of 8.7 mg/cow/day was sufficient to prevent the onset of hypocupremia in four-fifths of the cows in the supplemented group. The non-supplemented, non-pregnant group maintained normal blood plasma copper level throughout winter confinement. On release to pasture in early summer, cows in all groups of cows showed upwards trends in blood plasma copper level. At the end of the pasture season the blood plasma copper levels in all groups of cows were normal. Hematological and morphological studies showed that hematopoiesis of the hypocupremic cows were not affected and that they were not suffering from microcytic hypochromic anemia. It was suggested that the soluble proteins in the grass silage reduced the amount of copper available in vivo. This, together with the heavy physiological demand of copper imposed upon the cows by pregnancy, resulted in hypocupremia.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Serum alkaline phosphatase activity in beef cattle.

A study using 72 beef cows and their calves was carried out over a one year period in Northern Ontario to examine the serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) levels of the animals during the onset of hypomagnesaemia. No evidence was found of a fall in SAP corresponding to the dramatic decreases in serum magnesium. At the same time, other factors relating to SAP were considered. The relative SAP levels of the cows were found to be remarkably consistent with respect to time, but those of the calves less so. The SAP levels of the calves were considerably higher throughout than those of the cows, though the difference became smaller later in the season. Although the SAP levels of the calves did appear to be related to their growth patterns, there was a tendency for cows with higher SAP to have faster growing calves. Furthermore, changes in SAP prior to calving were negatively correlated with calf weight gain. There were fairly high correlations (about 0.4) between SAP and serum phosphorus for the calves but not for the cows.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Reversal by testosterone of atrophy of accessory genital glands of castrated male sheep. A histologic and morphometric study.

The histologic features of male accessory genital glands of entire sheep (group I), castrated sheep (group II), castrated sheep treated with 40 daily intramuscular injections of 50 milligrams testosterone propionate (group III), and castrated sheep treated with 600 milligrams testosterone propionate 72 hours before death (group IV) were compared. Sheep were castrated at 3 months old and all sheep were killed when 15 months old. Volume fractions of glandular tissue, intralobular fibromuscular tissue and perilobular fibromuscular tissue of the seminal vesicles and Cowper's glands fluctuated significantly (P less than 0.05) during postcastration atrophy and after repeated testosterone treatment. Atrophy in sheep in group II was least in the prostate but greatest in Cowper's glands, seminal vesicles and ampullae of vasa deferentia. Seminal vesicle plexi, whose cytons had a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) degree of shrinkage, also were atrophied. After treatment with testosterone the postcastration atrophy of plexal neurons was almost reversed in sheep in group III. There also was hypertrophy of epithelial cells but the testosterone treatment failed to reduce to normal the fibromuscular volume fraction of the accessory genital glands. Testosterone propionate treatment of sheep in group IV failed to elicit appreciable morphologic changes. These results are compared with our previous findings on the content and uptake of zinc by the accessory genital glands. It is suggested that accumulation of zinc in the accessory genital glands of sheep is not necessarily closely linked to normal histologic appearance.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics and amounts of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in sheep affected by osteodystrophy.

Amounts of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in plasma were measured in two groups (A and B) of lambs (Experiment 1) and in two groups (C and D) of wethers (Experiment 2). Groups A (eight lambs) and C (nine wethers) consisted of animals born and raised in total confinement; these animals exhibited an osteodystrophic condition. Groups B (four lambs) and D (10 wethers) consisted of healthy animals born and raised in a conventional barn with free access to an open barn yard (i.e. exposure to sunshine). The 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in plasma of both groups of sick animals, Group A (12.9 ng/ml) and Group C (18.0 ng/ml), were lower than the amounts of the two corresponding groups of healthy animals. Group B (29.2 ng/ml and Group D (32.5 ng/ml). Pharmacokinetic analysis of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in affected lambs following intramuscular injection of 1,000,000 IU vitamin D3 indicated that transport of vitamin D3 from the site of injection to the liver and its metabolism to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were rapid. Peak 25-hydroxycholecalciferol occurred at .6 wk, and half-life was 3.1 wk.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma of cattle.

Blood samples from 12 Shorthorn heifers, fed a grass silage ration and housed indoors or outdoors, were assayed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D during 9 mo. There was more in plasma during the summer from the outdoor group, reflecting a greater exposure to ultraviolet light and dermal synthesis of vitamin D, the precursor of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In another experiment, assays were in four groups of six heifers each; 1) control, 2) single oral dose of 1,000,000 IU vitamin D3, 3) injected intramuscularly with 1,000,000 IU of vitamin D3, and 4) free access to a mineral mixture containing 32,000 IU vitamin D3/kg. In all groups, 25-hydroxyvitamin D was higher in plasma in summer than in winter. All heifers given vitamin D had more 25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma during winter than controls. Animals injected with vitamin D had more 25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma during part of the winter than those on the other treatments with vitamin D.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

Trace element deficiencies and fertility in ruminants: a review.

Various minerals (copper, cobalt, selenium, manganese, iodine, zinc, and iron) can influence reproductive performance of ruminants. Reproductive failure may be induced by deficiencies of single or combined trace elements and by imbalances. This review is focused on maladjustments of trace elements leading to impaired breeding performance. Opinion is diverse as to the existence of various reproductive disturbances from either a severe copper depletion or a marginal dietary copper deficiency. Field experience suggests that administration of cobalt to ruminants on cobalt-deficient diets improves their impaired breeding performance. Selenium infertility in ewes is more prevalent in some areas and in some seasons, but the actual cause of this malady and the continuing role of additional factors are unknown. Manganese is necessary for normal fertility in ruminants, and feeding low-manganese rations depresses conception rates. Lack of iodine impairs thyroid activity and also ovarian function. Reproductive failure in the female and in spermatogenesis are manifestations of zinc deficiency. Despite forages rich in iron, low availability in certain instances could affect adversely ruminant reproduction. Knowledge of biochemical dysfunctions from trace element deficiencies is essential to determine the role which trace elements play in fertility of ruminant animals.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1979

Effects of Mn-deficit feeding to ewes on certain amino acids and sugars in cartilage of their newborn lambs.

The distribution of amino acid, amino sugar, and uronic acid in the epiphyseal cartilage of newborn lambs were examined to determine the influence of manganese (Mn) deficiency. Throughout the gestational period, one group (group I) of eight pregnant ewes was given a ration containing 60 mg of Mn/kg of feed and a second group (group II) of eight ewes was given a ration containing 5 mg of Mn/kg of feed. The neonatal lambs were killed, and the epiphyseal plates from various bones in the thoracic limb were removed and analyzed for glucosamine, galactosamine, uronic acid, and 17 amino acids. Concentrations of uronic acid and of the sulphur amino acids (methionine not significant, P greater than 0.05) were larger in the cartilage from the lambs born of group I ewes (60 mg of Mn/kg of ration) than in the cartilage from those of the Group II ewes (Mn deficiency). A tendency for higher hexosamine values was observed in the organic matrix of the group I lambs than of the group II lambs. However, concentrations of serine, histidine, and lysine were higher in the cartilage from group II lambs (Mn deficiency). Thus, the role of Mn in the prevention of joint abnormalities may be its influence on the mucopolysaccharide and protein composition of the epiphyseal plate.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Fate of labeled choline administered intraruminally to pregnant ewes given manganese-deficient or -supplemented rations.

Tissue samples were taken from pregnant ewes and their 3-month fetuses 96 hours after intraruminal dosing of the ewes with tritiated choline. Starting 5 months before mating, one group of ewes had been given a manganese (Mn)-deficient ration and a second group had been given a Mn-supplemented (normal) ration. The results indicate that Mn depletion decreased the overall uptake of choline; the radioactivity of all tissues from the Mn-depleted group was lower than the radioactivity of the corresponding tissues from the group given a Mn-supplemented (normal) ration. The radioactivity of fetal tissues was also lower in the Mn-deficient group than it was in the Mn-supplemented group. Lower radioactivity concentrations were also observed in the whole plasma (sampled at various times after radioisotope dosing) and its lipid extract of Mn-depleted ewes than in the plasma and its lipid extract of Mn-supplemented ewes. There was no significant difference in the fatty acid composition of hepatic phosphatidyl choline between the two groups. However, the proportions of linoleic, stearic, and arachidonic acids were lower in fetal hepatic phosphatidyl choline than in maternal hepatic phosphatidyl choline.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

Atomic absorption spectroscopic determination of molybdenum in plant tissue and blood plasma.

A method is presented for determining molybdenum in plant tissue and blood plasma by flame and flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The samples are digested with HNO3-HCIO4, and the metal is separated by chelation, extracted into methyl isobutyl ketone, and analyzed by AAS. Recoveries of molybdenum from fortified samples ranged from 92.0 to 98.9%. The limits of detection on the flame and graphite furnace were 10 and 2 ng/mL, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Amino acid and glycosaminoglycan composition of epiphyseal cartilage of neonate and osteoporotic lambs.

The epiphyseal plates of neonate and healthy or osteoporotic 60-day-old lambs were analyzed chemically. Uronic acid was higher in 60-day-old healthy lamb than in neonates but galactosamine was higher in neonates than in 60-day-old healthy lambs. Fourteen of the 17 amino acids identified in the epiphyseal cartilage were higher or had a tendency to be higher in 60-day-old healthy lambs than in neonates. Lower levels of uronic acid were noted in 60-day-old osteoportic lambs than in healthy lambs of the same age.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Bent-limb syndrome in lambs raised in total confinement.

A bent-limb syndrome in lambs raised in total confinement was characterized by curvature of the forelimbs. Radiographic findings included flaring of the affected long bone and thinning of the growth plate. The main histologic change was endochondral dysplasia of the long bone. In feed samples, all trace minerals analyzed were within recommended concentrations except iron, which was much higher (400 ppm dry matter) than the normal requirement of lambs (70 ppm). All mineral concentrations in serum were normal except those of inorganic phosphorus and iron, which were higher. Results of soft tissue and bone mineral analyses were normal. Altering the ratio of calcium and phosphorus did not affect the incidence of disease, but intramuscular administration of massive doses of vitamin D3 and reducing the amount of dietary iron had a prophylactic effect. The increase in serum phosphorus was probably related to the dietary excess of iron, which probably decreased vitamin D metabolite formation in the kidney, which in turn could be prevented by massive doses of vitamin D3.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Manganese status of pasturing ewes, of pregnant ewes and doe rabbits on low manganese diets and of dairy cows with cystic ovaries.

Four experiments were conducted to obtain information on the manganese (Mn) status of ewes, doe rabbits and dairy cows with cystic ovaries. Manganese was not concentrated specifically in any one tissue or organ but the use of 54Mn has indicated that the isotope was retained by the liver for a longer time. Significantly lower (P less than 0.01) levels of Mn were observed in the liver, kidney and blood of pregnant ewes fed a synthetic diet containing low levels (5 ppm) of Mn than those that were supplemented with 60 ppm Mn. It would appear that the determination of blood Mn concentration would provide a valuable diagnostic tool for the assessment of the Mn status of the pregnant ewe and could be more reliable than data based on tissue (liver, kidney, ovary) levels of Mn. The cortical stroma of dairy cows with cystic ovaries had lower Mn contents than those cows that were without cystic ovaries. The data on blood suggests that cystic ovaries cannot be diagnosed by blood Mn levels if Mn was indeed a contributing factor of the development of this condition. The doe rabbit responded to supplemental dietary Mn in a manner analogous to the ewes.

Adrenal Glands↗