Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Herbst

Publications and source records attributed to M Herbst.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Esophageal carcinoma: the final results of a multicenter and controlled German study with misonidazole and radiation].

A prospective, randomized clinical study on 91 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus was undertaken in order to investigate the radiosensitizing effect of misonidazole. After histologic verification and extensive diagnosis, the greater tumor region was at first irradiated during 2.5 weeks with ten fractions of 3 Gy each up to a target volume dose of 30 Gy. Prior to each fraction, patients received randomly misonidazole or a placebo in a dose of 1 g/m2 body surface. Then they were presented to the oncologic surgeon in order to decide whether a surgical resection should be performed or not. Following to this operation no further radiotherapy was performed. However, if a surgical intervention did not take place, radiotherapy was continued without administration of misonidazole or placebo up to a target volume dose of 60 to 70 Gy. There was no evidence of neurotoxic side effects or modifications of the blood count and some laboratory parameters caused by misonidazole. As to recurrence-free interval and survival time, no significant differences were found between the different therapy groups, so that a radiosensitizing effect of misonidazole was not demonstrated in this study. Regarding several positive phase II studies with misonidazole, some hopes had been placed in this study because at present the therapeutic situation in oesophagus carcinoma is extremely unsatisfactory. Even the combination of a most sophisticated operation technique prior or following to irradiation could not essentially improve the poor healing rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Total lymphoid irradiation in chronic polyarthritis--a new therapeutic concept].

Eleven patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis were submitted to a total lymphoid irradiation up to a dose of 20 Gy. A constant improvement of clinical symptoms was observed in four out of the eleven patients already during the treatment and in the other patients not later than two months after. The frequency of attacks decreased and the number of joints involved in the attack was reduced. Morning rigidity and joint swellings decreased. One patient developed joint empyemas 4 and 26 months after the treatment. Four patients died in the meantime. In two patients the cause of death were renal insufficiency and a postoperative cardiogenic shock associated with generalized amyloidosis. The third patient died because of a toxically induced left cardiac decompensation with sepsis that could not be controlled by antibiotic drugs and multiple joint empyemas. The fourth patient developed an abscess after surgical treatment of a Kaposi syndrome. She died three months later from acute left cardiac decompensation. The therapy induced a lymphocytopenia with decrease of T helper lymphocytes and unchanged number of T suppressor lymphocytes. The constant therapy results of total lymphoid irradiation in primary chronic polyarthritis is probably due to this modification in the immune regulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Total lymphoid irradiation in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis.

Eleven patients with rheumatoid arthritis that had been refractory to conventional drug therapy were treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). Followup continued for 6 months in 9 patients, 12 months in 6 patients, and 24 months in 3 patients. At 6 and 12 months post-TLI, a significant improvement in clinical disease activity was demonstrated. Side effects noted during TLI included fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. One patient died of cardiorespiratory arrest, 2 patients died of kidney failure secondary to generalized amyloidosis, and 1 patient died of septic shock secondary to a multilocular septic arthritis. One patient experienced 2 episodes of septic arthritis; 2 patients manifested delayed wound healing. Immunologic assessments showed consistent lymphopenia in all patients. T lymphocyte subsets decreased after TLI, and showed a transient increase at 6 months post-TLI. The suppressed mitogen responsiveness, which was noted 2 months after irradiation, was found to increase almost to the pre-TLI levels at 12 months. The observed increase in morbidity and mortality after TLI is evidence that discourages the use of this therapeutic technique, at least in its present form.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1985

[Dupuytren's contracture. Radiotherapy in the early stages].

Conventional radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for the early stages of the Dupuytren contracture. The conventional semi-deep therapy is more favorable than the soft ray technique and the moulage technique. 62 patients have been treated at Erlangen; 33 out of them (46 irradiated hands) with a minimum observation time of 18 months have been evaluated. The pathologic process was stopped in 98% of the cases. 85% of the patients showed an improvement of troubles by regression of tubercules and cords, pains and sensation of pressure. A recurrence was observed only in one patient at the edge of the irradiated volume.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Whole-skin electrotherapy: a therapeutic concept for mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. I. Irradiation technic and dosimetry].

A simple, but efficient radiotherapeutic method is presented for the irradiation of the whole body surface. Dosimetric measurement shows that the largest part of the skin receives between 80 and 100% of the dose. Only the concave surfaces receive a lower dose. They are saturated by boost irradiation. The total body exposure due to Bremsstrahlung is less than 1% of the target dose.

Electrons↗
PubMed1984

[Total skin electron therapy of mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome].

There is no doubt about the effectiveness of radiotherapy as total skin electron irradiation in the therapy of mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome. Dose distribution in skin and body surface (measured on the Alderson phantom) as well as the therapy scheme by electron therapy are presented. The Stanford group observed that 84% of their patients achieved a complete remission by aggressive (greater than 3,000 rad) total skin electron irradiation. The overall survival rate was 46% at 10 years with the major prognostic factor being the initial extent of skin involvement.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

[Hemorrhaging in early pregnancy].

283 patients with vaginal bleedings in the first three months of pregnancy were included in an analysis and compared to a control group. We could not find a correlation between bleeding in the early weeks of pregnancy and the age of the mother, the onset of menarche, parity, and preceded premature deliveries. On the other hand we found a significantly high number of bleedings in women, who already had abortions before, and diseases during pregnancy (infections, hyperemesis gravidarum). No statistical differences could be discovered in relation to the control group referring to the course of labour (rupture of membranes, changes of the amniotic fluid, operative deliveries, obstetrical presentation, first and second stage of labour, and complications of the delivery). The average birth weight was significantly lowered because of the large amount of premature births. We could not prove any increase of the rate of deformity after bleeding in the early weeks of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Whole-skin electron therapy: a therapeutic concept for mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. 2: Therapy].

The alterations of mycosis fungoides of a malignant T-cell lymphoma are extremely radiosensitive. In the treatment of the cutaneous manifestation of mycosis fungoides, the whole-skin electron therapy is superior to the superficial application of mechlorethamine (NH2), to photochemotherapy with psoralen and ultraviolet radiation as well as to chemotherapy as monotherapy and combined therapy. Complete remissions are to be expected in 93% of all cases after application of a high total dose of more than 30 Gy. After less than 10 Gy, this rate is 18%. A combination of whole-skin electron therapy (30 Gy) with chemotherapy or with a total lymphoid irradiation with 30 Gy represents a new approach for the treatment of advanced tumor stages.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Palliative radiotherapy with and without hyperthermia in gynaecology].

There can be no doubt as to the effectivity of radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced cancers, local recurrences and metastases of gynaecological tumours. The following rates of remission can be achieved: skeletal metastases 80% brain metastases 70% liver metastases 40-50% local recurrences of cancer of the breast 80% cervical carcinomas 50-80% The combined treatment of hyperthermia and radiotherapy improves the local control rate. This has been confirmed for superficially located tumours. The local tolerance of hyperthermia is excellent and there are practically no complications. The side effects of radiotherapy are not enhanced by hyperthermia.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

[Neoplasm treatment using hyperthermia and radiotherapy].

The authors present the run of isotherms in muscle and fatty tissue/muscle phantoms after hyperthermia produced by a 13,56 MHz generator (different electrode sizes, influence of the cooling system) and the therapy results of 136 patients submitted to hyperthermia and irradiation. The local therapy results are remarkable in case of tumors of the ORL region, cervical lymph node metastases and superficial and semi-deep tumors. The subjective side effects are supportable, the objective side effects (complications of the combined therapy) are unimportant. The question whether the good results of palliative therapy justify a curative application cannot be answered yet. This has to be investigated by randomized prospective studies.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

[The individual irradiation mask--a means for improving focussing accuracy].

Individual masks have been applied for about one year at the Radiotherapeutic Hospital of Erlangen in order to treat tumors situated in the head and neck region, the superior aperture of the thorax and the brain as well as tumors situated in the posterior cranial fossa showing a tendency to form metastases within the spine (medulloblastoma and ependymoblastoma). The advantages of this method are the reproducible position of the patient, the facilitation of exact focussing and the absence of marks on the patient's skin. The disadvantages are the increase of radiodermatitis and increased expenditure of cost and work. However, the advantages are preponderant, so the irradiation mask is routinely applied in our hospital.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

[Production and characteristics of bacteria-labeled talc dust for experimental air hygiene studies].

Freeze-drying of suspensions of Micrococcus luteus together with talc yields bacteria-labelled dust. This material can be used in experimental air hygiene. Loss of viability due to drying in air during experiments can be expected to be negligible. A wide range of particle diameters (1 to greater than 23 micron) is available. Scanning electron microscopy shows the bacteria sticking on talc particles after freeze-drying (Fig. 3a + b). Viable counts of the material decreased very slowly on storage.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1983

[A simple testing installation for the production of aerosols with constant bacteria-contaminated concentrations].

A simple experimental set for the production and investigation of bacterially contaminated solid-state aerosols with constant concentration is described. The experimental set consists mainly of a fluidized bed-particle generator within a modified chamber for formaldehyde desinfection. The special conditions for the production of a defined concentration of particles and microorganisms are to be found out empirically. In a first application aerosol-sizing of an Andersen sampler is investigated. The findings of Andersen (1) are confirmed with respect to our experimental conditions.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1982

Effects of lindane treatment on drug metabolizing enzymes and liver weight of CF1 mice in which it evoked hepatomas and in non-susceptible rodents.

In CF1 mice lindane treatment led to a significant increase in liver tumor incidence whilst in Osborne-Mendel rats it was not carcinogenic. Although somewhat less clear, the test in B6C3F1 mice led to the conclusion that under the conditions of the bioassay lindane was not carcinogenic for this strain. In this study, the specific activities of some enzymes which are thought to be involved in the metabolism of lindane were studied in these different strains in order to investigate whether differences exist in the activities of these enzymes. Because the enzyme pattern may change after lindane treatment during the carcinogenicity studies, we also investigated the enzyme activities in animals treated for 3 days or 3 months with various doses of lindane. The influence of lindane treatment on the relative liver weight was also determined. B6C3F1 mice showed no increase in absolute or relative liver weight even after 3 months of treatment with the highest tolerated dose of lindane. However, in the susceptible CF1 strain lindane led to a large increase of the absolute and relative liver weight in both sexes, whilst a smaller increase was observed in Osborne-Mendel rats. Basal glutathione-S-transferase activity was higher in males than in females in all three strains, bearing no apparent relationship to susceptibility for tumor formation. However, after treatment with the highest dose of lindane a 5-6-fold induction of this enzyme activity was observed in female CF1 mice, which then together with the male CF1 mice had a higher glutathione-S-transferase activity than untreated and treated B6C3F1 mice and Osborne-Mendel rats. Whether lindane or one of its metabolites is activated by conjugation with glutathione remains to be established. After treatment of the animals with high doses of lindane detergent-treated rat liver microsomes showed a higher UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity than mouse liver microsomes. This high activity could lead to a rapid conjugation of phenols derived from lindane. The most striking difference observed in this study was the fact that together with the larger increase in absolute and relative liver weight, untreated and treated CF1 mice showed higher monooxygenase activity and, after treatment with lindane, lower epoxide hydrolase activity than rats. Whether the high monooxygenase and rather low epoxide hydrolase activity will lead to an accumulation of reactive epoxides derived from lindane remains to be clarified.

7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase↗
PubMed1982

[Postoperative radiotherapy of astrocytomas grade 3 and 4 with the radiosensitizer misonidazole. -End results of a multicentric controlled German study].

102 patients entered a multicentric randomized study from May 1978 till December 1980. After an operative removal of a supratentorial astrocytoma grade 3 or 4 all patients were treated by radiotherapy of the whole brain with 40 Gy, and after a rest of 1 to 2 weeks with a boost dose of 20 Gy to the tumor region. By randomization the patients got misonidazole (400 mg/m2) to each of the 30 fractions or a placebo. The overall tolerance was good. A mild transient peripheral neuropathy was seen only in 2 patients. The median of survival time was not significantly different for both groups with 16 months (grade 3) and 10 months (grade 4). Thus a radiosensitizing effect of misonidazole was not proven.

Adolescent↗