Are there muscular structures which may contribute to closure of the gastroesophageal junction?
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Heberer
Publications and source records attributed to M Heberer.
Metabolism of phenylalanine in liver diseases.
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DNA↗
[Long-term observations on different methods of nephropexy].
In 29 patients with nephroptosis two different methods of nephropexy were compared; nephropexy using sutures passing through the parenchyma (n = 16) and nephropexy using tissue adhesives (n = 13). The first group was mobilized 3.5 days after operation, whereas the second group was mobilized one day after operation. On later follow-up 79% of the patients had no or minor complaints. Those patients who had the same disturbances as preoperatively had all been treated by nephropexy using sutures passing through the parenchyma. In 56% of this group radiological recurrence was seen, whereas in the group using tissue adhesives there was only 8% radiological recurrence. We think therefore that the nephroxepy using tissue adhesive is the simplest and least traumatic method.
Adult↗
Enhanced cartilage tissue engineering by sequential exposure of chondrocytes to FGF-2 during 2D expansion and BMP-2 during 3D cultivation.
Bovine calf articular chondrocytes, either primary or expanded in monolayers (2D) with or without 5 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), were cultured on three-dimensional (3D) biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds with or without 10 ng/ml bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Chondrocytes expanded without FGF-2 exhibited high intensity immunostaining for smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA) and collagen type I and induced shrinkage of the PGA scaffold, thus resembling contractile fibroblasts. Chondrocytes expanded in the presence of FGF-2 and cultured 6 weeks on PGA scaffolds yielded engineered cartilage with 3.7-fold higher cell number, 4.2-fold higher wet weight, and 2.8-fold higher wet weight glycosaminoglycan (GAG) fraction than chondrocytes expanded without FGF-2. Chondrocytes expanded with FGF-2 and cultured on PGA scaffolds in the presence of BMP-2 for 6 weeks yielded engineered cartilage with similar cellularity and size, 1.5-fold higher wet weight GAG fraction, and more homogenous GAG distribution than the corresponding engineered cartilage cultured without BMP-2. The presence of BMP-2 during 3D culture had no apparent effect on primary chondrocytes or those expanded without FGF-2. In summary, the presence of FGF-2 during 2D expansion reduced chondrocyte expression of fibroblastic molecules and induced responsiveness to BMP-2 during 3D cultivation on PGA scaffolds.
Actins↗
Role of glutamine in the immune response in critical illness.
The dependence of human lymphocyte functions on the exogenous provision of glutamine (GLN) was evaluated in a series of in vitro experiments. The transcription of early activation markers (IL-2, IL-2-receptor, IL-4, IL-4, GM-CSF, IFN gamma) as evaluated by polymerase chain reaction was observed even in the absence of exogenous GLN. In contrast, later events of lymphocyte activation including cytokine production, proliferation of lymphocytes and lymphokine-activated killer cell activity were found to depend on exogenous GLN provision. These in vitro results are discussed in the context of established data on the reduction of peripheral blood GLN concentrations in critically ill patients and in view of recent studies reporting improved outcome of critically ill patients following GLN substitution. By and large, these data support the concept of GLN substitution in critical illness. However, the definition of indications and dose-response relationships clearly require further clinical studies.
Cells, Cultured↗
Intralipid-based short-term total parenteral nutrition does not impair small intestinal mucosa-related cellular immune reactivity in the healthy rat.
BACKGROUND: The lipid component of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has reportedly been associated with trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa and suppressive effects on the immune system. METHODS: We have challenged these hypotheses using a 7-day TPN rodent model comparing the effects of isocaloric, isonitrogenous lipid-based (TPN-lipid, 50% of calories as long-chain triacylglycerol) and carbohydrate-based TPN (TPN-CH, 100% of calories as carbohydrates) on mucosal morphology and immune function. Enterally fed animals were included to establish a baseline for immunologic read-outs. The study was performed in healthy, metabolically stable animals to avoid interference by septic or trauma-related stress factors. RESULTS: Both TPN regimens resulted in a significantly smaller weight gain (TPN-lipid, 29.8 +/- 4.0 g; TPN-CH, 30.3 +/- 4.4 g) compared with enterally fed reference animals (49.2 +/- 3.2 g; p = .007), with no difference in nitrogen balance between the TPN groups. Mucosal sucrase activity was significantly lower in both TPN groups (TPN-lipid, 8.8 +/- 1.0 x 10(-7) katal per gram (kat/g) of protein; CH: 11.9 +/- 1.6 x 10(-7) kat/g of protein) compared with enteral feeding (17.4 +/- 0.9 x 10(-7) kat/g of protein; ANOVA: p = .0007). Morphometric analysis of the small intestine revealed no differences between the two TPN groups although a significantly depressed villus height in the TPN-lipid group could be observed in comparison to enterally fed reference rats (TPN-lipid, 0.47 +/- 0.02; TPN-CH, 0.50 +/- 0.01; enteral, 0.56 +/- 0.02 mm; ANOVA: p = .0298). Light and electron microscopy revealed a normal surface architecture in all three groups of rats. Cellular immune reactivity was evaluated using a novel specific immunization protocol: animals were immunized against OVA 4 weeks before TPN. OVA-induced lymphoproliferative responses and phenotypic data from draining popliteal and mesenteric lymph nodes were evaluated after the different regimens. Results did not differ among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy rodents, short-term lipid-based and carbohydrate-based TPN regimens lead to limited mucosal atrophy with preserved surface architecture compared with enteral feeding. However, peripheral and mesenteric cellular immune responsiveness after both TPN regimens remained comparable to enterally fed reference animals. Therefore, mesenteric and systemic cellular immune reactivity does not appear to be impaired by lipid-based or carbohydrate-based TPN.
Animals↗
[Effects of allopurinol on damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion of skeletal muscles: an in vivo spectroscopic analysis (31P-MR) in rats].
The effect of allopurinol on energetic metabolism (reutilization of hypoxanthine) has been studied in vivo by mean of 31P-RM spectroscopy on skeletal muscle in the rat in conditions of ischemia and reperfusion. The treatment with allopurinol demonstrates of on benefit or phosphocreatine and ATP kinetics. These results outline that reutilization of hypoxanthine doesn't represent a protective mechanism of allopurinol on skeletal muscles. The role of hypoxanthine reutilization has to be investigated with further researches.
Allopurinol↗
[Ischemic preconditioning improves post-ischemic function but not energy metabolism of skeletal muscles].
Ischemic preconditioning (IP) refers to a phenomenon whereby short periods of ischemia reduce tissue damage after a subsequent sustained ischemia. The effect of IP before tourniquet ischemia of the extremities has not yet been evaluated. We developed a rat model of skeletal muscle ischemia and measured the effect of IP on postischemic function and high-energy phosphate levels. IP consisted in three cycles of 10 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion each. IP improved significantly skeletal muscle function after 3 hours of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion. High-energy phosphate levels, however, remained unchanged. This study shows a protective effect of IP in skeletal muscles. These results furthermore suggest that the protection of energy metabolism is not a mechanism of IP in this model. IP could be easily performed before surgery of the extremities under tourniquet ischemia. The protective effect on postischemic skeletal muscle has therefore to be further investigated.
Animals↗