Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Heberer

Publications and source records attributed to M Heberer.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Autologous spongiosa as an antibiotic carrier in the treatment of osteitis].

The treatment of osteomyelitis essentially depends on a bactericidal concentration of antibiotic in bone tissue with an appropriate spectrum. Ciprofloxacin is effective against the main organisms causing osteomyelitis (staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa) at low MIC. We investigated the concentration of ciprofloxacin in human bone. After a single dose (200 mg ciprofloxacin i.v., preoperatively) the concentration in cortical bone was 6.9 +/- 0.8 mcg/g and 9.7 +/- 0.8 mcg/g in cancellous bone. In any case the concentration of ciprofloxacin exceeded the MIC for staph. aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the treatment of osteomyelitis we transferred the antibiotic bound to autologous cancellous bone grafts to the site of inflammation after surgical debridement. First clinical results are documented.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

The effect of surgery and anesthetic agents on granulocyte-chemiluminescence in whole blood.

The effect of anesthesia and major abdominal surgery on zymosan-induced chemiluminescence (CL) of neutrophil granulocytes was evaluated. CL was measured in diluted whole blood taken at distinct intervals within the perioperative period. In addition, blood samples from healthy volunteers were supplemented with ether and halothane to investigate the in vitro effect of these agents. The phagocytosis-induced CL was not found to be depressed by anesthesia and surgery. Only at supranarcotic concentrations was CL reduced. Surgery and anesthesia, therefore, do not appear to impair this defense system significantly under the conditions of this investigation.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Development of a chronic canine model for measurement of absorption by substrate appearance in portal venous blood.

Research in absorption physiology requires animal models which closely resemble the in vivo situation. The description of a new canine model satisfying these requirements is the objective of this report. Dogs were instrumented with indwelling portal vein and carotid artery catheters, a catheter jejunostomy and an electromagnetic flow measuring probe around the portal vein enabling continuous flow recordings. Following intrajejunal infusion of nutritive substrates in the conscious animal, absorption was measured as the product of porto-arterial substrate difference and portal venous flow. The model was validated in five mongrel dogs: (1) Catheters and flow measuring device function over several months. (2) The sensitivity of the method was evaluated following intrajejunal infusion of l-glycine-l-tyrosine and its constituent amino acids. A significant portoarterial concentration difference of both amino acids enabling quantitative measurement of absorption resulted when the peptide was infused at 4 mmoles/hour (20 mM solution, 200 ml/h). (3) Infusion of complete nutritive formulas caused a significant increase in portal venous flow whereas neither saline nor the amino acids or the peptides investigated had a comparable effect. (4) A validation experiment by implantation of a second flow probe distal to the chronically implanted device provided evidence that granulomatous tissue forming around the probe does not alter the accuracy of the flow recording. In summary, this method permits for the first time quantitative measurement of absorption by appearance rates in portal venous blood instead of by disappearance from the intestinal lumen.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

[Catheter jejunostomy in elective abdominal surgery].

Needle catheter jejunostomy is used to a varying extent today. Therefore, the need for nutritional support was evaluated following elective abdominal surgery and compared to experiences with postoperative enteral feeding. Oesophagectomy, total gastrectomy and the Whipple procedure were identified as good indications for catheter jejunostomy, whereas with other types of operation an individual decision is required.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1984

[Prospective study of complications of central venous catheters].

The complications of central venous catheters used for immediate postoperative nutrition and monitoring were evaluated in 120 patients. Two patients had to be excluded due to an irregular protocol. 149 central venous catheters were placed in the remaining 118 patients. As to the access, the subclavian vein was used in 72.3%, the v. jugularis interna in 18.9%. The catheters were in average 11.7 days in place giving a total of 1392 catheter days. The end of therapy was the most frequent reason for removal of the catheter (81.6%) followed by septic (4.1%) and mechanical problems (8.8%). Venous thrombosis was observed in 2 patients, and embolisation of a catheter fragment and acute infusothorax each in 1 patient. 13% of the catheters were found to be malpositioned, and malposition was identified as a risk factor for thrombosis.--It is concluded from the comparison of these results with the literature, that the central venous catheter for parenteral nutrition has a risk of complication greater than 5% and therefore requires a clear indication. X-ray-control of catheter position is obligatory and malpositioned catheters are to be corrected. If the parenteral regimen is low in glucose concentration and osmolarity, blood sampling and monitoring via the same central venous line does not appear to increase the rate of complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Prevention of radiation injuries to the small intestine.

The removable synthetic "pelvic spacer" prevents intestinal loops from sliding down into the area most heavily exposed to irradiation during a full course of radiotherapy for abdominopelvic neoplasia. Furthermore, it provides a homogeneous distribution of roentgenograms and allows higher dosages of radiation. It reduces possible sequelae and offers new possibilities for radiotherapy of tumors of the pelvis. The removal of the spacer is disadvantageous but clearly compensated by a more curative treatment.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Chemiluminescence of granulocytes and monocytes in diluted whole blood samples: a tumor marker?

Granulocytes and monocytes can attack malignant cells by activated oxygen species. They thereby emit photons which may be measured as chemiluminescence (CL). The zymosan-induced and luminol-amplified CL response of granulocytes and monocytes was measured in diluted whole blood samples of healthy volunteers and patients with benign and malignant disease. In tumor patients the CL activity was significantly stimulated. Following tumor reduction by radical or palliative operations, the CL values decreased to normal within weeks, whereas no response was seen after exploratory laparotomy without tumor reduction. Operations for benign disease did not influence the CL activity. The results suggest that the stimulation of CL activity in tumor patients is reversible. CL measurements in whole blood samples may play a future role as a nonspecific tumor marker.

Granulocytes↗
PubMed1983

Chemiluminescence measurements of immune cells--a tool in immunobiology and clinical research.

Since the initial observation of chemiluminescence associated with metabolic stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes a multitude of studies have confirmed that chemiluminescence is a) dependent on the generation of activated oxygen species and b) intimately correlated to the paramount function of granulocytes: to kill bacteria and to cause tissue damage at sites of chronic inflammation. Chemiluminescence is not exclusively generated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and certainly not only generated by phagocytic stimuli. Besides phagocytic stimuli, surface active reagents (e.g. phorbol myristate acetate), lectins, antigen-antibody complexes, complement components, and some lymphokines are able to evoke chemiluminescence responses in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. In this contribution we present evidence for a dependence of macrophage chemiluminescence during phagocytosis on the calcium binding protein calmodulin. In a second example of macrophage chemiluminescence we demonstrate that macrophage chemiluminescence is a good tool for testing the mediator function of a lymphokine, namely macrophage cytotoxicity factor. In a clinical application we determined the zymosan-induced and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence in diluted whole blood samples from healthy volunteers to establish the normal range of chemiluminescence activity of phagocytic cells. A significant day time variability of the chemiluminescence activity was observed in 6 volunteers. Therefore, blood sampling for the chemiluminescence measurements was standardized. Compared with the control group the specific chemiluminescence activity (activity related to 10(3) phagocytic cells) was significantly increased in both 1) patients with acute inflammatory disease and 2) in patients with carcinoma. The specific chemiluminescence activity of the two groups of patients did not differ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Measurement of chemiluminescence in freshly drawn human blood. II. Clinical application of zymosan-induced chemiluminescence.

The aim of the present study was to investigate chemiluminescence (CL) of stimulated peripheral phagocytic cells (PC, i.e. granulocytes and monocytes) in patients with malignant disease at various stages. As a first step the zymosan-induced and luminol-amplified CL was determined in diluted whole blood samples from healthy volunteers. A characteristic daytime dependence of the CL activity was observed in six volunteers which had to be taken into account for blood sampling. The detectable CL was demonstrated to depend on the number of erythrocytes in the assay, but correction for this is not necessary for clinical investigation. The specific CL activity (activity related to 10(3) PC, was significantly but identically increased both in 1) patients with acute inflammatory disease and 2) in patients with carcinoma. The total CL activity (activity/microliter whole blood), however, was significantly increased in patients with acute inflammation as compared to the tumour group. This greatly reflects the leucocytosis of patients with acute inflammation. In a small number of patients with benign and malignant disease the CL of PC was measured both pre- and postoperatively. Operations in benign disease and palliative operations in malignancy did not influence the CL activity. In contrast, CL activity returned to normal after clinical cure by radical tumour resection.

Blood↗