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Biomedical subjects

M Hayashida

Publications and source records attributed to M Hayashida.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Long-term prognosis of behavior therapy in practice.

A prognosis study was carried out on 30 cases of patients treated with behavior therapy. The treatments, which took more than three years before the study, averaged four years and eight months. The results are as follows: (1) The improvement achieved by therapy was maintained or further improved in 29 cases during the post-therapeutic period of more than three years. (2) The prognosis largely depended on the grade of improvement at the end of therapy. A complete disappearance of symptoms at the end of therapy did not necessarily mean that it was a fair prognosis. (3) There was no relation between the prognosis and the length of history of illness or the situation of therapy terminated. (4) The impression is that long-term prognoses are different depending on the main symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1971

[Acne rosacea].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastrectomy enhances vulnerability to the development of alcoholism.

A history of gastrectomy was more frequently encountered in Japanese male alcoholics (9.7%, 47/486) than in male employee populations of two large companies (0.8%, 36/4,381, p < 0.001, and 0.6%, 6/950, p < 0.001). Gastrectomized men are known to achieve a higher blood ethanol level after the ingestion of the equal amount of ethanol than nongastrectomized men. To examine whether or not gastrectomy was responsible for the subsequent development of alcohol dependence, 47 gastrectomized alcoholics were compared with 47 age-matched nongastrectomized alcoholics. The mean lifetime duration of heavy drinking (> 120 g ethanol/day) was shorter in the former than in the latter (11 +/- 10 years vs. 16 +/- 9, p < 0.05), and the mean lifetime cumulative ethanol consumption level also smaller (834 +/- 497 kg vs. 1047 +/- 508, p < 0.05). The majority of gastrectomized patients (30/47) had no history of problem drinking before gastrectomy. The daily consumption was rapidly increased within 5 years after gastrectomy in 18 of 38 habitual drinkers (47%). Seven of the remaining nine nonhabitual drinkers (78%) became habitual drinkers and alcoholics within a short period of time (7 +/- 4 years), though with low lifetime cumulative consumption (< 400 kg). The incidence of disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems observed did not differ between the two groups, except for frequent alcoholic blackouts reported in the gastrectomized patients. In conclusion, the majority of the gastrectomized patients changed their drinking habits after gastrectomy and developed alcohol dependence. They did not require as much lifetime cumulative ethanol as nongastrectomized patients to become ethanol dependent.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between real-time monitoring of the graft motility and mucosal histology in swine intestinal transplantation.

We studied the correlation between the motility and the mucosal histology of the small bowel seeking to detect rejection in an early stage by real-time monitoring using a swine model. Intestinal transplantation (ITx) was performed orthotopically using FK506 immunosuppression. The distal about 20 cm segment of the allograft was exteriorized as a Thiry-Vella stoma for biopsies. Strain gauge (SG) force transducers were attached to the graft for real-time monitoring of graft motility. Pigs without ITx were used as controls (group 1). Rejection was classified into four groups by histologic findings: nonrejection (group 2), mild rejection (group 3), moderate rejection (group 4), and severe rejection (group 5). Migrating motor complex (MMC) phase III was analyzed for the following parameters: duration, amplitude, interval, motility index, velocity, and frequency of propagation. In group 2, all parameters were almost the same as those for group 1. In contrast, groups 4 and 5 showed most parameters significantly lower than those in group 1. In group 3, the contractility of the MMC was not significantly altered, but the frequency of the propagation was decreased significantly. In conclusion, graft motility detected by a real-time SG method correlated with the grade of mucosal histology. This method is useful to detect rejection at an early stage by examining the frequency of MMC propagation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinalysis of body packers in Japan.

Urinalysis was performed on nine body packers/smugglers who were referred to the emergency room of a hospital near the New Tokyo International Airport between September 1994 and February 1996. This analysis had rarely been used on suspected body packers in Japan. Only one of the nine body packers was a female. Foreign bodies were detected in the gastrointestinal tracts of the body packers by plain x-ray photography or computerized tomography, and the suspected drugs were cocaine (five cases), heroin (two cases), opiate (one case), and marijuana (one case). The results of urinalysis and confessions of the smugglers corresponded well for the latter three drugs (four cases). In two of the suspicious cocaine cases, opiates were detected along with cocaine by urinalysis, and the metabolites were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The urinary screening tests of another two suspicious cocaine cases were negative. Opiates (morphine and codeine), but no cocaine metabolites, were detected in the urine of the subject who confessed to smuggling in cocaine only. It may be inferred from these results that urinalysis on body packers is beneficial to both the patient (body packer) and the physician in preventing the disastrous outcome of drug intoxication. It can also be concluded that there is a need for the prompt establishment of a protocol that includes urinalysis upon admission to the hospital for the management of body packers in Japan.

Cannabinoids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol-related sudden death with hepatic fatty metamorphosis: a comprehensive clinicopathological inquiry into its pathogenesis.

To clarify the pathogenesis of the widely known but obscure syndrome of sudden death with hepatic fatty metamorphosis observed in alcohol abusers, we have scrutinized both the clinical and pathological data of 11 subjects who died under such circumstances between 1987 and 1993. Death followed several days of uninterrupted drinking often with little dietary intake. The notable clinical features on arrival at the emergency room were disturbance of consciousness (11/11), hypotension (4/6), hypothermia (3/5), hypoglycaemia (8/11), metabolic acidosis (6/6), renal dysfunction (11/11), and hyperammonaemia (5/5). The common hepatic pathology was the extensive appearance of numerous microvesicular fatty droplets in the hepatocytes together with varying degrees of macrovesicular fatty change; four subjects had an underlying cirrhosis. Death undoubtedly results from a variety of metabolic disturbances triggered by the combination of massive ethanol intake and starvation. The appearance of extensive microvesicular fatty change superimposed on macrovesicular fatty change was considered to be an associated phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Performance of nursing students in the intramuscular administration of drugs].

The goal of the present study was to compare the performance of two groups of nursing undergraduate students, submitted to two different teaching methods, in their ability to perform the intramuscular injection on clients needing the procedure. Both, control (CG) and experimental group (EG) (n = 35 each) were submitted to traditional method and instructional method respectively, according to the methodological procedure described by Nogueira (1995). The performance of the students was evaluated by a nurse who had no knowledge of the group each student belong. The nurse used the "check-list" in order to evaluate the performance of student. The results indicate that the time spent by the students of each group was approximately the same i.e. 9.4 min for CG and 9.3 for EG. The students of the control group showed ordinary performance (42.9%), good performance (48.9%) and very good performance (8.5%) whereas those of the EG showed ordinary performance (5.7%), good performance (60%) and very good performance (34.3%). The present results shows that the students are responsible by their own learning, motivating us to use new teaching methods on nursing undergraduate course.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nurses' leadership in the perspective of postmodern ethics].

The administrative models arising from modernity are becoming increasingly obsolete in view of the needs of organizations, especially those which provide health care such as health institutions and their human capital. Since rationality is an essential element for the accomplishment of organizational objectives, modern ethics requires only that workers adjust to their prescribed functions and perform their tasks according to the rules. Post-modernity is characterized by saturation of information and consumption, pleasure of using goods and services, lack of values and meaning of life, reflecting a post-modern apathy. Without projects man's interior life has no substance. Health organizations are being strongly influenced by this context. Hence, ethics needs to be treated in a new way. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to approach nurse's leadership in light of post-modern ethics.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lactate levels in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver resection.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The role of lactate in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in cirrhosis has not been clarified. METHODOLOGY: One hundred patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent partial liver resection under Pringle's maneuver were included in this study. Blood lactate was measured before the operation, three times during the surgery and on the first postoperative day to calculate its rate of accumulation or elimination. Aminotransferase levels were also recorded perioperatively. We calculated the rate of lactate accumulation during the pre-ischemic and ischemic phases and the elimination rate during the post-ischemic phase, and examined the correlation between these results and the clinical findings. RESULTS: The rate of lactate accumulation during the pre-ischemic and ischemic phases was correlated with the preoperative indocyanine green retention rate (P = 0.04 and P = 0.004, respectively). The indocyanine green retention rate tended to be correlated with the rate of lactate elimination during the post-ischemic phase (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The blood lactate profile might be a reliable indicator of liver function during the perioperative period in cirrhotic patients who undergo liver resection with Pringle's maneuver.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Humanistic approach to nursing communication: the case of a hospitalized adolescent female].

Nursing is a profession committed to the promotion of human beings. It takes into consideration their freedom, uniqueness and dignity. Therefore, communication plays an important role within the nursing process and its results, and it is also a fundamental component of the treatment. However, in the context of Brazilian hospitals, communication between nurses and patients is limited to the performance of these professionals' technical role. The purpose of this study is to analyse the case of a hospitalized female adolescent, focusing on the communication that happens between her and the nursing professionals who provide her assistance. This analysis was based on Bales' categories. Through the technique of direct observation, the behavior resultant from the interaction between nurses and the adolescent was analysed on a total of 30 hours during five days. The observation showed 428 units of interaction which were classified, by qualified professionals, in positive, negative and neutral socio-emotional areas. Considering the high incidence of interactions in the neutral area (89.2%), authors recommend a humanistic correction in the communication during the nursing process. This change in communication can qualify patient's care as well as generate satisfaction at work through empathy and solidarity.

Adolescent↗