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Biomedical subjects

M Hartog

Publications and source records attributed to M Hartog.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Diet and the diabetic: the fallacy of a controlled carbohydrate intake.

The dietary intake of 16 well-established diabetics was recorded over six-week periods on two different diets--a conventional, carbohydrate-controlled diet and an unrestricted, carbohydrate diet which allowed free choice as to quantity of food eaten and time of meals. In all patients the carbohydrate intake varied considerably from day to day and the variation was as great on the supposedly controlled carbohydrate diet as on the unrestricted diet. In agreement with other studies, carbohydrate intake was often considerably higher on the usual diabetic diet than had been recommended or than the patient believed they were taking. It is suggested that present methods for controlling the carbohydrate intake of diabetics are ineffective and, in particular, do not ensure a regular intake from day to day.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Home blood glucose concentrations in maturity-onset diabetes.

Blood glucose concentrations during normal daily activities were measured in 106 patients with maturity-onset diabetes from capillary blood samples collected on to filter paper. Samples were taken before and two hours after main meals, before going to bed, and, in 51 cases, during the night. Fasting and mid-morning values were closely correlated with the mean values over 24 hours irrespective of the type of anti-diabetic treatment being given. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations remained below 11.5 mmol/l (207 mg/100 ml) when the fasting blood glucose value was 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/100 ml) or less, and repeated fasting blood glucose values exceeding 7.0 mmol/l were associated with raised blood glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations. Diabetic control in maturity-onset diabetes may be satisfactorily monitored by regular measurement of fasting or mid-morning blood glucose values.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The relationship between blood glycosylated haemoglobin and home capillary blood glucose levels in diabetics.

Serial capillary blood glucose levels from insulin treated patients were recorded over 24 hour periods at fortnightly intervals for three months. Total glycosylated haemoglobin as % of HbA was measured at the end of this period by the Flückiger method, and % HbA1 by column chromatography. There were highly significant correlations between mean blood glucose levels over the three months and % HbA1 (r = 0.93, 95% confidence limits 0.84-0.98), and with total glycosylated haemoglobin (r = 0.88, 95% confidence limits 0.75-0.94). There was also a good correlation between results obtained by the two methods (r = 0.81, p less than 0.0001). There were less strong correlations between % HbA1 and blood glucose levels during each of the three months before the estimation, with percentage of glucose levels greater than 10 mmol/l and with mean fasting blood glucose. These data support the hypothesis that % HbA1 and total glycosylated haemoglobin are satisfactory measurements of short term diabetic control.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of improvement in diabetic control on plasma and whole blood viscosity.

Rheological studies were made on the blood of 12 diabetic patients after a period of poor diabetic control (HbA1 12.6 +/- 0.7% (mean +/- SD); mean home capillary blood glucose level 11.7 +/- 1.2 mmol/l), and after at least three months of improved control (HbA1 9.1 +/- 0.4%, p < 0.01; mean home capillary blood glucose level 9.2 +/- 0.6 mmol/l). There were significant decreases in plasma fibrinogen levels (4.1 +/- 0.6 to 3.7 +/- 0.6 g/l, p < 0.01), plasma viscosity (1.31 +/- 0.1 to 1.25 +/- 0.04, p < 0.001), and whole blood viscosity at low (22.8 +/- 2.7 to 20.2 +/- 2.9, p < 0.01) and high shear rates (3.4 +/- 0.2 to 3.1 +/- 0.2, p < 0.01). Ten diabetics with clinically evident complications were matched with diabetics of similar age, sex, duration and current control of diabetes. There were no significant differences in plasma or whole blood viscosities between the two groups. Hyperviscosity in diabetes seems strongly related to hyperglycaemia and to be influenced by the quality of diabetic control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Enzyme induction and serum and lipoprotein lipids: a study of glutethimide in normal subjects.

1. Serum and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were measured before, during and after the administration of glutethimide (500 mg daily) for 21 days to six healthy volunteer subjects. 2. Evidence of enzyme induction was provided by significant rises in D-glucaric acid excretion and antipyrine clearance. 3. Concentrations of total serum cholesterol, very-low-density-lipoprotein-, low-density-lipoprotein and high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol rose significantly during treatment. 4. The time course of these changes was delayed in comparison with the rise and fall in D-glucaric acid excretion. 5. There was no change in the triglyceride content of either whole serum or lipoprotein fractions at any time during the trial. 6. The study provides further evidence that enzyme-inducing agents cause a rise in certain lipid concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The role of insulin absorption and sensitivity in determining a diabetic's daily insulin dosage.

The change of serum free and total insulin, and of blood intermediary metabolites, growth hormone and cortisol have been determined after separate tests using 0.3 units/kg 'Actrapid MC' given by sc injection and 0.04 units/kg/h by iv infusion in 16 fasted chronic-bovine-insulin-treated diabetics. Eight of these diabetics normally received 32 units or less of conventional, mainly bovine insulin a day and the other eight 128 units or more. Paradoxically the high dose group had a greater fall (5.6 V 3.1 mmol/l; P less than 0.05) in blood glucose four h after the sc insulin injection despite similar pre-insulin values (8.2 and 6.9 mmol/l respectively). Otherwise the responses were markedly similar in the two groups to both sc and iv insulin. Thus the gross differences in daily insulin dosage could not be explained in terms of insulin absorption or sensitivity as assessed by several metabolic parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Carbohydrate-containing materials in urine from normal and diabetic subjects.

1. Abnormalities in glycoprotein metabolism are believed to play a role in diabetic microangiopathy. We have therefore measured the urinary excretion of carbohydrate-containing materials in normal and diabetic subjects. 2. Diabetic subjects were found to excrete excessive quantities of such material, which may parallel the increases observed in plasma and structural glycoproteins found in previous studies. 3. Systemic administration of a synthetic derivative of vasicine, which is known to affect mucus glycoprotein, was shown to restore these elevated urinary concentrations seen in diabetic subjects to values close to normal, but his drug had no significant effect on urinary concentrations of such materials in normal subjects.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1979

Immunological features of juvenile onset diabetic patients correlated to HLA type.

Ninety-six juvenile onset type diabetics showed an increase in the frequency of HLA B8 and B15 and a decrease in frequency of HLA B7 antigens. Sixty-four maturity onset diabetics showed no disturbance in the frequency of these antigens. Fifty-four of the juvenile onset type diabetics, with an average duration of disease of 3.2 years were tested for the presence of islet cell antibodies (ICAs). Thirty-two per cent were positive, the incidence decreasing from 70% in those patients tested within 1 year of diagnosis to zero in those patients tested within 1 year of diagnosis to zero in those patients tested more than 5 years after diagnosis. No correlation was found between the incidence of ICAs and either cell-mediated immune reactions or HLA type. B15 positive patients were associated with cell-mediated immune reactions to pancreatic antigens and with the presence of other tissue autoantibodies. HLA phenotypes were not associated with environmental data. Diabetic siblings had identical HLA A-B haplotypes more often than could be expected to occur by chance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Diurnal profiles of serum insulin, C-peptide and blood intermediary metabolites in insulin treated diabetics, their relationship to the control of diabetes and the role of endogenous insulin secretion.

The 24-hour profiles of blood metabolites, serum free and total insulin, and C-peptide were measured in 16 insulin dependent diabetics, and then analysed in order to compare the effects of the presence or absence of residual endogenous insulin secretion and the presence of good or bad diabetic control as judged by the levels of blood glucose or total ketone bodies. Retention of endogenous insulin secretion, responsive to meals, and changes in the level of blood glucose and serum free insulin, were detected in nine patients, its presence having important effects in maintaining metabolic regulation closer towards normal. Despite the fact that apparently well controlled diabetics were selected for the study, the diurnal changes of the levels of blood metabolites, serum free and total insulin and their interrelationships were all grossly abnormal. The levels of both the blood total ketone bodies and the blood glucose were found to be a poor guide to the presence or absence of other metabolic abnormalities of diabetes. High levels of blood total ketone bodies appeared to have a protein sparing effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Serum and lipoprotein apolipoprotein B levels in normal subjects and patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia.

Apolipoprotein B (apo B) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in the serum and lipoproteins from normal subjects and patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia. The total serum apo B concentration in normal subjects was 0.91 +/- 0.16 g/l (mean +/- S.D.); in type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia it was 2.24 +/- 0.61 g/l; in type IIb, 3.05 +/- 1.24 g/l; in type IV, 2.24 +/- 0.99 g/l; and in type V, 1.30 +/- 0.16 g/l. In normal subjects 5.6 +/- 2.1% (mean +/- S.D.) of total apo B was present in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and 93 +/- 9% in low density lipoproteins (LDL). Corresponding values for type IIa were 3.8 +/- 1.9% and 93 +/- 3%, for type IIb, 9.9 +/- 7.5% and 91 +/- 1%, for type IV, 16.9 +/- 9.5% and 81 +/- 9%, and for type V, 38.4 +/- 11.0% and 52 +/- 8%. The ratio of cholesterol to apo B in serum was decreased in types IIa, IIb and IV, and increased in type V whereas the ratio of triglyceride to apo B in serum was decreased in type IIa, normal in type IIb and increased in types IV and V. The ratio of cholesterol to apo B in VLDL was increased in types IIa, IIb and V, but normal in type IV, whereas in LDL, this ratio was normal in types IIa and V but reduced in types IIb and IV. The ratio of triglycerides to apo B in VLDL was normal in types IIa, IIb and IV but raised in type V. In LDL, this ratio was increased in types IIb and IV but normal in types IIa and V.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Change of insulin dosage, circulating free and bound insulin and insulin antibodies on transferring diabetics from conventional to highly purified porcine insulin.

Fifty-eight patients on long term conventional mainly bovine insulins have been transferred to highly purified porcine insulin preparations. There was an overall reduction of 22% in daily insulin dosage and improved diabetic control as shown by decreased blood glucose concentration. Increased concentrations of serum free insulin and falls in serum bound insulin levels were also found. There were reductions in the serum binding capacities and affinity constants on changeover from conventional to highly purified insulin due to a combination of the effects of differential conventional/purified porcine binding and the substitution of a low antigenicity insulin. However, 12 of the patients receiving higher doses of insulin experienced marked hypoglycaemic reactions immediately on insulin changeover despite initial dosage reductions of 30% and prior to any changes in antibody characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A comparison between diabetics receiving a high or low daily insulin dosage.

Two groups of 8 diabetics, similar in many aspects, who required high (greater than or equal to 128 units) or low (less than or equal to 32 units) total daily insulin dosage were compared during a 24 hour period. C-peptide secretion was detected in all but one of the low dose group, but only in two of the high dose group. No significant differences in serum free and total insulin concentrations were detected and the patterns of blood metabolites were also similar, apart from higher blood glycerol concentrations in the low dose group. No significant differences in the binding characteristics of the antiinsulin antibodies were detected.

C-Peptide↗
PubMed1978

The relationship between circulating free and bound insulin, insulin antibodies, insulin dosage and diabetic control in insulin treated diabetics.

Free and bound insulin concentrations, blood glucose and anti-insulin antibody binding characteristics have been determined in 100 insulin treated diabetics; medium serum free insulin was 11 mU/l when fasting and rose to 30 mU/l after the mid-day meal. Significant correlation between blood glucose and serum free (but not bound) insulin was found. No relationship between insulin antibodies and daily insulin dose or diabetic control were found, nor a relationship between free insulin and antibody characteristics.

Adolescent↗