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Biomedical subjects

M Hannuksela

Publications and source records attributed to M Hannuksela.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Allergy to birch pollen and apple, and cross-reactivity of the allergens studied with the RAST.

Apple-pulp allergens are unstable, but fresh material can be used for skin testing. In this study stable allergens, probably of a protein nature, were extracted from apple seed and used in radioallergosorbent tests (RAST). Apple-seed allergens were shown by RAST inhibition to cross-react with birch pollen allergen(s). Cross-reactivity may explain the frequent co-occurrence of birch pollen and apple allergy. Approximately 50% of patients in a group with immediate hypersensitivity to birch pollen were also sensitive to apple as judged by a history of symptoms, skin tests with apple-pulp and apple-seed preparations, and apple-seed RAST.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Extraction and properties of apple allergens.

It is shown that apple allergens are probably proteins and that they can be extracted in an active form only if reactions with phenolic compounds present in apple are inhibited. This is accomplished by incorporating chelators and solid polyvinylpolypyrrolidone in the extraction medium. Phenol, commonly used as a preservative, should not be added. With the RAST, serum-IgE antibodies capable of reacting with apple allergens were detected in 90% of patients with clinical apple allergy, in 44% of patients with clinical birch-pollen allergy and in 5-10% of patients with other atopic allergies. RAST inhibition indicated that apple and birch-pollen allergens cross-react.

Allergens↗
PubMed1980

Atopic contact dermatitis.

Contact urticaria appears either as wheal and flare reactions or as dermatitis resembling other types of contact dermatitis. A nonimmunologic form of contact urticaria is seen more frequently than the allergic form of the disease in experimental conditions. However, the immunologic form of contact urticaria is clinically more important. It is often seen in atopic persons working in the food industry or in kitchens. We can prevent many cases of occupational anaphylactic hand eczema by choosing proper jobs for atopic persons. Especially handling food seems to produce hypersensitivity reactions in atopic more frequently than in nonatopic persons.

Allergens↗
PubMed1980

Merthiolate hypersensitivity and vaccination.

Epicutaneous tests with 0.1% merthiolate in petrolatum showed hypersensitivity in 96 of 4647 eczema patients (2.0%) and in seven of 105 healthy recruits (7%). There was a marked preponderance of young age classes in the eczema group. Twelve of 41 merthiolate-positive patients tested reacted to mercury alone, three to thiosalicylic acid alone and one to both. The remaining 25 patients reacted to neither of the individual components although the merthiolate complex as a whole gave a positive test result. Forty-five of the merthiolate-positive patients were tested subcutaneously with 0.5 ml of a 0.01% merthiolate solution, i.e. a dose equal to that contained in one shot of tetanus toxoid, for example. Nine patients developed a local reaction at the site of the injection, and the area became eczematous in four cases. In one of the patients the eczema spread over the body, causing fever. Since merthiolate-sensitive patients also react to merthiolate administered intracutaneously, the vaccinator should avoid the use of a needle whose outer surface has been contaminated when the vaccine was aspirated from the bottle. However, even when this precautionary measure is taken, local reactions can be expected in such a high percentage of merthiolate-sensitive persons that merthiolate in vaccines should be replaced by another antibacterial agent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Guinea pig maximization test, open epicutaneous test and chamber test in induction of delayed contact hypersensitivity.

A comparison was made between the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT), open epicutaneous test (OET) and chamber test (CT), and the allergens were neomycin sulphate and propylene glycol (PG). The sensitization rate for neomycin in petrolatum was 35% in GPMT, 25% in OET and 25% in CT. The corresponding figures for neomycin in PG were 30% in GPMT, 45% in OET and 32% in CT. PG caused no hypersensitivity in 118 guinea pigs. The results suggested that as a hygroscopic, irritant and penetrating vehicle PG facilitates the induction of delayed contact allergy, especially in OET.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Immediate contact allergy to birch leaves and sap.

Fresh sap and crushed leaf of birch (Betula verrucosa) were tested with the scratch chamber method in 117 atopic persons, 74 of whom were allergic and 43 nonallergic to birch pollen, and in 33 control patients. Immediate positive reactions to birch sap were seen in 39% and to leaf in 28% of the patients allergic to birch pollen, in one of the birch pollen-negative patients, but in none of the control patients. Birch leaves may cause contact urticaria in the Finnish sauna, where bath whisks made of birch sprigs are traditionally used.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed1980

Hairdresser's hand.

Thirty hairdressers working in small salons (maximum 10 employees) and two barbers were examined, with special attention being given to their hands. As many as 22 of the 32 subjects were found to have hand dermatitis, nail disorders or callosities on the fingers, while the remaining ten had no signs of such occupational skin disorders. Softening scaling and curving of the finger nails was found in 17, dermatitis on the knuckles and in the fingerwebs and adjacent skin areas in 12, and callosities in 5 persons. The disorders caused some discomfort but no absence from work to the persons affected. Irrelevant nickel allergy was encountered in two persons and paraphenylenediamine allergy in one. Inactive atopic disorders were noted in 8 persons but they atopy showed no correlation with the presence of hand dermatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Epicutaneous testing.

The patch test and chamber test are the ordinary methods for detecting delayed type contact allergies. The method, test substances and criteria of positive reactions are already well standardized. Open testing is also used for problematic chemicals such as strong topical medicaments, emulsifiers and propylene glycol. The many problems of standardization are still unresolved in photocutaneous testing. Some chemicals are applied to the skin without occlusion, though the chamber test or patch test methods are used with most of them. The composition of the vehicle and occlusion time vary greatly from one photosensitizing substance to another. A xenon arc is recommended for screening any photosensitizers but fluorescent black light tubes are sufficient for routine clinical use. Type I contact allergies are far more common than was previously believed, especially among people allergic to birch pollen. This type of reaction and other forms of contact urticaria can be examined using the scratch chamber or scarification chamber techniques as well as with an open test on diseased or scratched (scarified) skin.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

Primary irritant dermatitis from topical clioquinol.

During the 2-year period 1976--1977, seven patients were studied with primary irritant dermatitis from topical preparations containing clioquinol. During the same period contact hypersensitivity to the compound was recorded in 35 eczema patients. Six of the seven patients with clioquinol irritancy had used creams containing 3% large crystal clioquinol and fluorinated steroids. One patient had used 6% small crystal clioquinol cream. Challenge tests with 3% small crystal and large crystal clioquinol creams showed that crystal size did not affect the appearance of irritant dermatitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

Local photochemotherapy in nodular prurigo.

Fifteen patients with nodular prurigo were treated with a trioxsalen bath (50 mg/150 l of water) and UVA given in an ordinary PUVA cabin. Good results were observed in 8 and moderate in 7 patients in the initial phase. The result was good or excellent in 13 of the 15 patients during maintenance treatment. The good results are promising in the treatment of this chronic and otherwise therapy-resistant disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Trioxsalen bath plus UVA effective and safe in the treatment of psoriasis.

Seventy-four patients with psoriasis were treated using a trioxsalen bath (50 mg/150 l of water) and long wave ultraviolet light (UVA) given in an ordinary PUVA-cabin. Good or excellent results were observed in 92% of the patients in the initial phase and in 63% during the maintenance treatment. Because of local side-effects the therapy was discontinued in two patients. One of them developed contact hypersensitivity to trioxsalen and the other developed blisters with such low doses of UVA that it was difficult to maintain the proper dose. The therapy was started with 0.28 J/cm2 of UVA and after an average of 18 treatments, when the average dose was 1.70 J/cm2, the patients were moved to maintenance treatment which took place at 1--4 week intervals. The therapy was well tolerated and cosmetically very acceptable. The final tan was even on all but the face, which remained untanned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Hypersensitivity to apple and carrot can be reliably detected with fresh material.

Hypersensitivity to birch pollen was linked with allergy to apple and carrot, apple seeds and carrot seeds and also with their fractions. Skin reactions among other atopics were rare, and non-atopic patients showed no reactions to fresh fruits and vegetables. Apple and carrot as well as apple seeds and carrot seeds were fractionated using column chromatography. Two major fractions were obtained, one with sugar and proteins, and one with proteins, the latter giving skin reactions more often than the former. The correlation between clinical symptoms and skin test results with the fractionated material was somewhat lower than that obtained with the non-fractionated fresh material. The allergens of fruits and vegetables might be proteins (enzymes).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Reactions to peroral propylene glycol.

A peroral challenge test with 2--15 ml of propylene glycol (PG) was made in 38 patients with allergic-type epicutaneous test reactions to PG. Eight of 10 patients with a positive epicutaneous reaction to 2 % PG and seven of the other 28 patients with a positive epicutaneous reaction to 100-100 % PG developed an exanthem 3--16 h after ingestion of the drug. In all but one case the rash disappeared within 24--48 h without any medication. In one case the exanthem was treated with prednisone for 4 days, and the symptoms disappeared gradually in 6 days. None of the 20 control patients had skin symptoms. Nausea, vertigo and a curious sensation were recorded in four PG-sensitive patients and in three control patients. These symptoms were apparently due to the general pharmacodynamic effects of PG and they were regarded as non-allergic in nature. It was concluded that PG is a potential allergen and it must be added to the list of causes of drug exanthems.

Drug Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1978

Studies in sarcoidosis: intradermal Mycoplasma test.

Mycoplasma strain 215-M, closely related to Mycoplasma orale type 1, was grown in human macrophage monolayers in vitro. Sonicated homogenates of macrophages diluted in saline solution were used for intradermal skin tests in 19 patients with sarcoidosis and in 25 patients with a variety of other diseases. Positive skin-test reactions to this newly developed Mycoplasma test material were observed significantly more often in the patients with sarcoidosis than in the other patients.

Adult↗