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Biomedical subjects

M Hanefeld

Publications and source records attributed to M Hanefeld.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The adipocyte volume in human adipose tissue: 1. Lipid space, normal and maximum values, and the relation to body weight index.

UNLABELLED: The volume of isolated adipocytes in specimens from the subcutis of the abdomen was measured using the pulse counter technique. The lipid content was determined as esterified fatty acids. RESULTS: (1). Adipocyte enlargement is mainly caused by lipid deposition, despite a slight increase in the lipid free volume. (2). Two cell populations were detected in some cases, with the smaller fraction having a volume between 0.024 and 0.129 nl, which is lower than the common range for human adipocytes. (3). An analysis of large numbers of cells in single specimens revealed the lognormal type to fit the volume distribution better than the normal type. (4). Standard deviations of the lognormal distributions decrease with the mean cell volumes. Calculation by extrapolation shows the maximum adipocyte volume is of the order of 1 nl. (5). Normal curves of the adipocyte volume vs body weight index were set up for 142 test persons. They approach maximum volumes and differ with sex. (6). The normal adipocyte volume is ideal weight persons without metabolic disease is in the order of 0.3 nl.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1978

Influence of diet composition on insulin output, carbohydrate tolerance and lipid values in primary hypertriglyceridemia (HT).

Hypertriglyceridemic patients generally show a post-challenge hyperinsulinemia. In patients where carbohydrate intolerance coexists, increasing of reactive insulin is relatively diminished and delayed. In a group of 31 hypertriglyceridemic patients these characteristics of insulin increments in peripheral blood during a 50 g OGTT were constant: neither a low-fat (carbohydrate-rich) nor a high-fat (low carbohydrate) isocaloric, weight-maintaining diet had a significant influence on this parameter when compared with a standard diet (protein content unaltered throughout all diet periods). Glucose tolerance was significantly improved after the low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. The results were neither correlated with the type of dietary inducibility of fasting triglyceride levels in individual cases nor with the sequence of diet periods prescribed. Hyperinsulinemia in hypertriglyceridemic patients is not believed to be the direct consequence of abnormal composition of the antecedent diet.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1978

The adipocyte volume in human adipose tissue: II. Observations in diabetes mellitus, primary hyperlipoproteinemia and weight reduction.

Body-weight index does not appear suitable as a measure of metabolic risk, since the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolaemia increases only up to a Broca index of 1.2. Attempts were therefore made to demonstrate an abnormal adipocyte enlargement in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the abdomen in patients suffering from various metabolic disorders. To eliminate the influence of sex and body-weight index, normal curves of the adipocyte volumes in 142 controls were used as basis of comparison. Adipocyte hypertrophy exceeding the degree predicted by the normal curves was observed in patients with subclinical diabetes (n = 20), patients with maturity-onset diabetes (n = 56) and in patients suffering from hyperlipoproteinemia of type IIb (n = 10), type III (n = 8), type IV (n = 42) and type V (n = 24). Excessive hypertrophy could not be detected, however, in juvenile-onset diabetics (n = 11) and in hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa (n = 9). Weight reduction gave further insight into excessive adipocyte hypertrophy. This was effected by reducing caloric intake combined with physical exercise for four to five weeks until 10 per cent of initial weight was lost. Adipocyte shrinking per kg loss of body weight was significantly more pronounced in patients suffering from subclinical diabetes (31 pl/kg,n = 10), from maturity-onset diabetes (26 pl/kg,n = 23) and from hypertriglyceridemia (17 pl/kg, n = 11) in comparison with the controls (7 pl/kg,n = 25).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1977

[Significance of fatty tissue hypertrophy for the metabolic risk].

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia rised with the weight index until Broca = 1,2; at higher degrees of obesity it remained constant or even slightly decreased Dresden Study). The subcutaneous adipose tissue of the abdomen exhibited against controls an excessive hypertrophy in subclinical diabetics, maturity onset-diabetics and hyperlipoproteinemics of types IIb, IV, and V. With this respect, between these groups there were no significant quantitative differences. Juvenile onset diabetics had abnormal small as well as large fat cells.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1977

[Drug treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias].

If by regulation of the ideal weight, by type-optimated diet and physical conditioning we do not succeed in a satisfying regulation of the hyperlipoproteinaemias, the indication to the medicamentous therapy is given. For the treatment of type IIa in the first place cholestyramine and essential phospholipids are taken into consideration, in unsatisfying effect the combination cholestyramin-regadrin. For the types IIb-V regadrin and preparations of nicotinic acid are the remedies of choice. In an unsatisfying decrease of lipids the combination regadrin-nicotinic acid and regadrin-buformin-respectively, should be used. To what extent by a medicamentous decrease of lipids a primary or secondary prevention of ischaemic vascular diseases is possible, at present cannot be answered definitively.

Cholestasis↗
PubMed1977

Relation of lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue to adipocyte volume and its influence in hypertriglyceridemia pathogenesis.

In the subcutaneous adipose tissue of 20 normal weight and overweight subjects with normo- or hypertriglyceridemia, the relation is examined between the lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) per gram adipose tissue and adipocyte volume. The following findings were obtained: 1. Significant positive correlations between the LPLA per gram adipose tissue and the adipocyte volume were ascertained in the groups of subjects having normal triglyceridemia or exhibiting hypertriglyceridemia. 2. The negative relation between the LPLA in the adipose tissue and the triglyceride level in serum described in literature could not be verified. Across a glyceride span of 76 to 600 mg% in serum we found a correlation coefficient of +0.34. 3. It can therefore be assumed that the LPLA per gram adipose tissue with increasing adipocyte volume does not represent an inhibiting factor to the triglyceride in serum breakdown in the development of hypertriglyceridemia.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1977

[Ultrastructural results in liver biopsies of patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia (author's transl)].

Electron microscopic investigations were performed on liver biopsies of 24 patients with endogenous hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) of the types IIa--V, classified by lipid- and lipoprotein-fractions, as to Frederickson et al. (4), as well as on biopsy specimens of 6 control persons without histological alterations, and on 7 biopsies with staetosis hepatis. In type IIa we found a typical proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a slight alteration of the mitochondria. Types IIb--V are characterized by increasing fatty degeneration of the liver cells as well as by quantitative and qualitative alteration of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi areas. Giant mitochondria, organelles with atypical membrane structures and paracrystalline matrix inclusions occur more frequently, especially in patients with additional diabetes mellitus. There are scarcely differences between steatosis hepatis without HLP and steatosis with combined HLP, resp., except the more distinct alterations of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi areas in the latter. The morphological changes are especially restricted to those liver cell structures, involved in the metabolic disregulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Is primary or secondary prevention of diabetes mellitus in hyperliporoteinemia possible under long-term clofibrate therapy?].

The investigations of metabolism explained speak for an improved condition of the carbohydrate metabolism during the first months of the therapy. However, they are not sufficient to prove a preventive effect of clofibrat per se during long-term treatment. Our examinations by means of the glucose infusion test show that on certain defined conditions with intensive general treatment positive effects may be registered, which, however, cannot be reproduced in a large collective during outpatient care. On the contrary, it is to be assumed that the whole therapeutic regime has an influence. Nevertheless, one may establish that the incidence portion of the diabetes manifestation in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia treated with regadrin corresponds nearly to that one of the average population of Dresden. It is puzzling that the death rate in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia and diabetic condition of metabolism is significantly higher than in hyperlipoproteinaemia without disturbance of the carbohydrate metabolism.

Clofibrate↗
PubMed1976

[On the occurrence of proanthocyanidins, leucoanthocyanidins and catechins in vegetables (author's transl)].

22 species of vegetables grown in Germany were investigated and only rhubarb contained (+)-catechin besides traces of (-)-epicatechin. The catechin concentrations were lower in the stalks than in the leaves and decreased during plant growth. Proanthocyanidins (dimers and oligomers of polyhydroxy-flavan-3-ols) were only found in the testa of broad beans, beans, and peas with coloured flowers, and in rhubarb stalks. Leucoanthocyanidins (polyhydroxy-flavan-3,4-diols) could not be found in any vegetable.

Flavonoids↗
PubMed1976

Metabolic effects of weight reduction in obese diabetics and nondiabetics.

A weight loss of about 10 kg was acheived by means of individual periods of total fasting, hypocaloric diets and physical activity in three groups of patients: maturity-onset diabetics, patients with pathological OGTT and overweight persons with normal OGTT. Adipocyte volume decreased in all groups, glucose tolerance improved. IRI curves showed a significant overall lowering and FFA concentrations during OGTT were dimished.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

[Importance of adipose tissue hypertrophy for the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes].

In 56 maturity-onset-diabetics and 20 test persons with pathologic glucose tolerance were established significantly larger volumes of adipocytes than in 142 test persons with normal glucose tolerance and normal serum triglycerides. The differences could only be proved taking into consideration the influence of the index of ideal weight and the difference of sex. The pathogenetic importance of the excessive hypertrophy of adipose tissue is discussed on the basis of the increased turnover rate of free fatty acids.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of weight reduction on carbohydrate and fatty-acid metabolism in obese, maturity-onset diabetic patients].

In 35 adipose maturity-onset-diabetics (27 women, 8 men, average age 48 years) we examined the influence of a 4--5-week slimming cure on the carbohydrate and fat metabolism. A significant decrease showed the index of ideal weight, volume of adipozytes, fasting free fatty acids concentration, triglyceride content of the liver as well as systolic blood pressure. The decrease of the triglycerides, of cholesterol and of the uric acid level in the serum could not be ascertained statistically. The reduction of weight did not cause an essential change of the basal and stimulated insulin concentrations, whereas the glucose tolerance clearly improved. After an observation period of 36.5 months behaviour of weight and form of therapy are analysed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[Studies on the influence of body weight and form of therapy on the development of fatty liver in maturity-onset diabetes].

On the basis of our findings can be established that the frequent appearance of a fatty degeneration of the liver in diabetes mellitus is the resultant of a multifactorial disturbance, in which case above all the type of diabetes, the relative weight, disturbances of lipidmetabolism and the form of therapy are decisive for the size of the adipose degeneration.

Adult↗