Biomedical subjects

M Haida

Publications and source records attributed to M Haida.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

[Clinical effect of alprazolam and trazodone on bronchial asthmatics with anxiety disorder].

Onset as well as many symptoms of asthma are said to be related to autonomic dysfunction which often appear as a result of actual daily stress of the patients. Minor tranquilizers and anti-depressants are often successful in treating such symptoms, though precise effect of these drugs on asthma is not yet available, while many still hesitate to use these drug for fear of the anticholinergic effect which may hinder the efficient expectoration of sputum which could be critical during severe asthma attacks. In this study, these drugs were evaluated by the asthma score, peak flow, acetylcholine provocation test and the suppressive effect on lymphocytes. They could be beneficial in increasing the quality of asthma therapy if employed with necessary care.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Dependence of transverse relaxation time T2 of biologic tissues on the interpulse delay time in Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) measurements.

To determine the transverse relaxation time (T2) of biological tissues in nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) method has been recommended to avoid the effect of external magnetic field inhomogeneity on T2 values. However, a dependence of T2 on the interpulse delay time (IPDT) in the CPMG measurements has been shown for biological tissues. The present study examined the dependence of the T2 on IPDT for muscle, lung (passively collapsed or degassed), and brain tissues. It was found that the CPMG T2 of the lung was strongly dependent upon the IPDT, in contrast to muscle and brain tissues. The IPDT dependence of the CPMG T2 for lung tissue, which was lessened by degassing, was affected by the magnetic field inhomogeneity due to air-tissue interfaces, but not by the spin-locking effect, since the T2 measured by the Carr-Purcell-Freeman-Hill (CPFH) method did not show this dependence. These results should aid in the evaluation of T2 values for biological tissues measured under various conditions and by different techniques.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Analysis of factors causing signal loss in the measurement of lung tissue water by nuclear magnetic resonance.

The water content of lung, brain, and muscle tissue was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and compared with gravimetric determinations. The NMR signal intensity of water was measured by a single 90 degree pulse and by a spin-echo sequence. The absolute water content was determined by the difference in the sample's weight before and after desiccation. The NMR detectable water in each tissue was expressed as a percentage of the signal intensity for an equal weight of distilled water. Using the single pulse measurement, 67% of the gravimetrically-measured water was detected in collapsed lung samples (consisting of about 47% retained air), in contrast to 96% for brain and 98% for muscle. For degassed lung samples, the NMR detectability of water increased to 87% with the single pulse measurement and to 90% with the spin-echo measurement, but the values remained significantly less than those of brain or muscle. Factors that caused the NMR signal loss of 33% in collapsed lung samples were: air-tissue interfaces (20%), microscopic field inhomogeneity (3%), and a water component with an extremely short magnetization decay time constant (10%).

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Estimation of the malignancy of pleural effusions by electron spin resonance.

We conducted an electron spin resonance (ESR) study on human pleural effusions obtained from patients (n = 15) with and without cancer at 77 K. We detected two kinds of signals which are considered to be due to transition metal ions in metalloproteins such as Fe3+ in transferrin and Cu2+ in ceruloplasmin from their g values (g = 4.2 and 2.049) and line shapes. We found a significant difference in the signal intensity ratio, Cu2+/Fe3+, of the pleural effusions between cancer and noncancer patients by the Mann-Whitney U test (P < 0.01). The ESR study of pleural effusion enabled us to estimate its malignancy and may have future applications.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗

PubMed1996

Magnetic resonance relaxation times in acute hydrostatic pulmonary edema induced by noradrenaline in rats.

Models of pulmonary edema have been used to study the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characteristics of lung water. Several investigators have measured changes in the relaxation times in the permeability type of pulmonary edema, but relatively few have measured relaxation times in the hydrostatic type of pulmonary edema. In this study we determined the characteristics of NMR relaxation times T1, T2 (Hahn spin-echo decay) and water content in acute hydrostatic pulmonary edema induced by noradrenaline administration in rats. Changes in T1 and T2 showed a significant prolongation in hydrostatic pulmonary edema. T2 decay curves for peripheral lung tissues were multiexponential and fit two components [T2 fast (T2f) and T2 slow (T2s)]. With two-component T2 analysis, T2s showed greater prolongation than did T2f. The increase in T2s was significantly correlated with an increase in water content, but the increase in the T2f value was not correlated with water content or with a change in T2s. The T2s component, which likely reflected changes in interstitial water, was more closely related than the T2f component to an increase in water content in hydrostatic pulmonary edema. Results suggested that regional changes in hydrostatic pulmonary edema may be evaluated by multicomponent T2 analysis.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Effect of chronic alcohol intake on energy metabolism in human muscle.

We investigated the effect of alcohol on muscle energy metabolism by using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 12 chronic alcoholics [6 with neurological signs and symptoms (such as cerebellar ataxia or diplopia) and 6 without neurological signs or symptoms], compared with five healthy subjects who also received acute alcohol loading. Intracellular pH and phosphocreatine (PCr) index [PCr/ (PCr + Pi)] were measured during rest, exercise, and recovery in the left flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. In healthy subjects, acute alcohol loading did not influence the changes of muscle pH and PCr index. Alcoholics with neurological signs showed marked decreases in muscle intracellular pH and PCr index during exercise and a marked delay of pH recovery after exercise. There was no delay of PCr index recovery. Alcoholics without neurological signs showed slight decreases in intracellular pH and PCr index, but rapid recovery of both intracellular pH and PCr index was observed. Marked decrease and delayed recovery in pH, but rapid recovery of PCr index, indicate that the muscle of patients with neurological signs produced lactate during and after exercise to maintain the ATP level, which implies that anaerobic metabolism is favored over aerobic metabolism in these patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Muscle energy metabolism and nutritional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A 31P magnetic resonance study.

We investigated the relationship between nutritional status and muscle energy metabolism during exercise in 18 male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 15 male control subjects using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS). The patients and control subjects were further categorized as in either a well-nourished (% ideal body weight, % IBW > or = 90) or malnourished (% IBW < 90) state. Muscle energy metabolism was evaluated by determining the ratios PCr/(PCr + Pi) (PCr, phosphocreatine; Pi, inorganic phosphate), and ATP/(PCr + Pi + ATP). The exercise consisted of repetitive hand grips performed against a load. The work rate was normalized for the individual's lean muscle mass by dividing work performed by the forearm fat-free cross-sectional area, which was calculated using 1H-MRS. The PCr/(PCr + Pi) values during exercise did not correlate with the % IBW in any of the groups of control subjects or COPD patients. Furthermore, the PCr/(PCr + Pi) did not correlate with the normalized work rate in either the well-nourished or malnourished subject groups. However, there were correlations within the groups of control subjects and COPD patients. The PCr/(PCr + Pi) values for the normalized work rate were consistently lower in the COPD patients than in the control subjects. These findings suggest that the altered muscle metabolism in COPD patients is not affected by their nutritional status.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1995

[Psychological profiles of patients with bronchial asthma (II). Analysis according to the modes of attack in severe asthmatics and in those with fatal asthma].

When the rise of asthma death became a world-wide problem, background factors proposed were the poor patient education and compliance with psychological factors which hindered these accomplishments. Analysis were made on the psychological test scales recorded by the severe asthmatics and found that the result for the acute type resembled the controls, while those with chronic attacks had depressive/neurotic tendencies with decreased activity. Result of those with acute on chronic attacks show more active attitude in life. Fatal asthmatics had high level for thinking extroversion signifying more optimistic attitude which may have lead them to their under-estimation of asthma. Other scales in fatal asthma suggest problems in their life styles and maladaptation.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

[Psychological profiles of patients with bronchial asthma. First report: analysis according to the difference in severity of asthma].

Although it is well known that asthma is influenced by psycho-social factors, the present medical system does not take any measures to deal with these underlying factors. Many physicians are unable to assist patients with psycho-social problems due to the lack of time they are allowed for each patient. We have employed a variety of psychological test scales to assist in screening patients. As a result, we found that many severe asthmatics lack enthusiasm for therapy, possess pessimistic feelings toward their prognosis. They also have personality traits of extroversion in combination with psychological instability, which may given them problems of compliance, while some manifest a tendency to flight to illness. These factors may lead to further difficulty in treatment, including steroid dependency and death from asthma. Early intervention must be contemplated to prevent such outcomes.

Asthma↗

PubMed1995

[A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with various central and peripheral neurological disorders presenting with motor paralytic bladder as a major manifestation].

Myelopathy is a rare central nervous system manifestation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We present a case of SLE, who developed motor paralytic bladder and various other neurological abnormalities. A 29-year-old female with SLE was admitted to our hospital because of complete dysuria without any troubles on defecation. Accelerated hypertension had been noticed 2 weeks before the admission. Physical examinations revealed that she had muscle weakness in right brachial biceps, bilateral carpal extensor and flexor, and flexor muscles of bilateral lower extremities. Slight sensory disturbance was present on her soles. Bilateral Chaddok and Babinski's signs were positive. Electromyographic studies including nerve conduction velocities of her limbs were normal, however, neurogenic discharges were observed in anal sphincter muscles. Cystometry demonstrated atonic bladder, but any pathological findings such as lupus cystitis and interstitial cystitis were not observed in the biopsied specimens from her bladder. Antibodies to single-stranded DNA, U1 RNP, Sm and SS-A/Ro were positive in her serum, and lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG) were also detected. In her cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), elevated protein level and albuminocytologic dissociation were recognized, while glucose level was low. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study detected high signal intensities in the inner part of medulla oblongata and in the spinal cord at second lumbar spine level. After two courses of methyl-prednisolone pulse therapy, the patient's neurological symptoms including dysuria had completely recovered and abnormal findings previously observed on MRI had also disappeared. After 7 months of the episode, she became normotensive. The proteins and glucose levels in her CSF had gradually returned to normal. Among patients with SLE, correlations of antiphospholipid antibodies with myelitis/myelopathy or accelerated hypertension have been reported. Therefore, possible roles of antiphospholipid antibodies were considered in the pathogenesis of neurologic abnormalities observed in our patient. In addition, low glucose level in CSF might be a good indicator for the diagnosis of lupus-associated myelopathy.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Optical imaging of human breast cancer.

Since an increasing number of breast cancers have been reported in recent years, there is a need for improving techniques for early detection of the breast cancer. Here we tested a time gated optical imaging technique as a tool for imaging human breast. Pulsed laser light at wavelengths of 780 and 830 nm are transmitted through human breast tissues and time spectra of the diffused light through the tissue are recorded over nanoseconds. Data from different locations are acquired and used to reconstruct a two dimensional image as a set of spectra in pixel form. The imaging consists of absorption and scattering coefficients, and the absorption coefficients at the two wavelengths are related to oxygen concentration and blood volume. The analysis of these coefficients is based upon the early arrival photons, therefore allowing construction of a better image than those from the current diaphanography. We demonstrate images of breast cancer, cysts created after lumpectomy, and consequences of radiation therapy. Results show that time gated optical imaging can image oxygen concentration in the cancerous and fibrotic breasts. Resolution of the imaging for smaller tumor size needs to be improved.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

A method to estimate the ratio of absorption coefficients of two wavelengths using phase modulated near infrared light spectroscopy.

Near infrared spectroscopy provides a very useful tool to monitor the oxygen saturation of the living tissue non-invasively. We can calculate the hemoglobin oxygen saturation within the tissue, using the ratio of the absorption coefficient (mu a) at two different wave lengths of light. Biological tissue has a very high effective scattering factor (mu s), which elongates an optical path length and makes it difficult to compute the mu a by the conventional method using continuous light. Phase Modulated Spectroscopy (PMS) measures the path length which is a complex function of the mu a and mu s. To get the ratio of the mu a, we have to eliminate the effects of the mu s from the obtained value by the PMS method. In this report, we present a theory and an experimental result which show that the inverse of the squared ratio of two phase angle differences at two different separations obtained by two different light wavelengths provides a good estimate of the ratio at these wavelength.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1994

Morphological changes of cultured neuronal and endothelial cells by human albumin.

The role of plasma proteins in the mechanisms of brain tissue damage in ischemic events remains to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the presence of albumin in the extracellular fluid could induce damage to endothelial and neuronal cells. Neuronal cells from rat fetal brain (15 days) were cultured by using RPMI-1640 containing 10% Serum-Plus and endothelial cells from umbilical vein were also cultured in 96-well plates. The studies were made by using neuronal cells after 4 days of culture (N group) and endothelial cells after 4 days of culture (E4 group) and at confluence (EC group). After discarding the culture fluid, 200 microliters of 5-25% human albumin was added to each well. Microscopic observations were made up to 20 minutes, and then immunostaining was done with anti-human albumin antibody. The swelling of neurons was observed immediately after application of albumin solution, and the cells became circular after 10 minutes. In the E4 group, similar morphological changes were observed, but no such changes were seen in the EC group. Immunostaining revealed the presence of albumin in the intracellular space in both the N and E4 groups, but not the EC group. Our results suggest that albumin in extravasated fluid can induce damage to neuronal cells and endothelial cells in the non-confluent state.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

The effect of BAY K-8644 on cytotoxic edema induced by total ischemia of rat brain.

The calcium channel activator BAY K-8644, a dihydropyridine (DHP) derivative, has been shown to possess neurochemical and behavioral activities, but its effect on ischemic brain damage has remained unknown. This report describes the effect of the drug on the progression of cytotoxic edema induced by total ischemia of the brain, evaluated by measuring the time constant, k, of elongation of the 1H-NMR relaxation time (T2) after brain biopsy. Twenty-six male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, (a) control (saline) group (n = 10), (b) BAY K-8644 vehicle group (n = 4), (c) BAY K-8644 0.03 mg/kg group (n = 6) and (d) BAY K-8644 0.3 mg/kg group (n = 6). The k value of group (d), 18.2 +/- 5.8 min (mean +/- SD), was significantly higher compared with those of groups (a) 10.3 +/- 1.6, (b) 11.8 +/- 1.5 and (c) 9.8 +/- 3.3 min (p < 0.01 by ANOVA). These results indicate that BAY K-8644 delayed the progression of cytotoxic edema induced by total ischemia of the rat brain.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗

PubMed1994

Tissue characterization of pneumonia and irradiated rat lungs with magnetic resonance relaxation times.

To interpret the MRI signal intensities, the T1 and T2 values were determined in vitro for rat lungs with radiation pneumonitis, fibrosis or pneumonia, and also for muscle and fat tissues. The transverse magnetization decays mentioned above exhibited two components, a T2 fast (T2f) and a T2 slow (T2s) component. Lungs from rats with pneumonia had significantly longer T2f and T2s values than lungs from rats with radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis. The T2f and T2s values for a "pneumonia lung" were not significantly different from those of muscle. The measured values of T2f and T2s suggested that radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis likely exhibit lower signal intensities than do muscle and that a "pneumonia lung" likely exhibits a similar signal intensity to that of muscle on T2-weighted MR images.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times for human lung cancer and lung tissues].

We investigated the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times, T1 and T2, for lung cancer tissue, and other samples of lung tissue obtained from surgical specimens. The samples were nine squamous cell carcinoma, five necrotic squamous cell carcinoma, 15 adenocarcinoma, two benign mesothelioma, and 13 fibrotic lungs. The relaxation times were measured with a 90 MHz NMR spectrometer and the results were correlated with histological changes. The values of T1 and T2 for squamous cell carcinoma and mesothelioma were significantly longer than those of adenocarcinoma and fibrotic lung tissue. There were no significant differences in values of T1 and T2 between adenocarcinoma and lung tissue. The values of T1 and T2 for benign mesothelioma were similar to those of squamous cell carcinoma, which suggested that increases in T1 and T2 are not specific to malignant tissues.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

A method to estimate the ratio of absorption coefficients of two wavelengths using phase-modulated near infrared light spectroscopy.

Near infrared spectroscopy is a very useful tool for monitoring the oxygen saturation of living tissue noninvasively. We can calculate the hemoglobin oxygen saturation within tissue, using the ratio of the absorption coefficients (mua) at two different wave lengths of light. Biological tissue has a very high effective scattering factor (mu's), which elongates an optical path length and makes it difficult to compute the mua by the conventional method using continuous light. Phase-modulated spectroscopy (PMS) measures the path length which is a complex function of the mua and mu's. To obtain the ratio for mua, we have to eliminate the effects of the mu's from the obtained value by the PMS method. In this report, we present a theory and an experimental result which show that the inverse of the squared ratio of two phase angle differences at two different separations obtained by two different light wavelengths provides a good estimate of the ratio at these wavelengths.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1993

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome associated with Sjögren's syndrome and discoid lupus erythematosus.

A 65-year-old woman with facial erythema and hypergammaglobulinemia developed excessive fatigability. A diagnosis of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) was made from electrophysiological studies. She had symptoms and laboratory data compatible with probable Sjögren's syndrome. Skin biopsy revealed the histological findings of discoid lupus erythematosus. Treatment with 3,4-diaminopyridine resulted in the improvement of fatigability. LEMS should be recognized as a treatable complication of systemic autoimmune diseases.

Aged↗