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Biomedical subjects

M Habib

Publications and source records attributed to M Habib.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Asthma and IgE antibodies induced by chromium and nickel salts.

Metal plating with chromium and nickel has secured an occupational relation with asthma for which an allergic basis has been postulated but not confirmed. A worker who developed de novo asthma after plating with nickel and chromium but not other metals was subjected to inhalational challenge and immunoserologic tests to evaluate this association. He developed acute asthma to chromium sulfate and a biphasic asthma-like response to nickel sulfate. Radioimmunoassays incorporating the challenge materials revealed specific IgE antibodies to the provocative agents but not to another metal, gold, which he could tolerate. The findings support the postulates that bronchial reactivity can be specifically induced by fumes of metallic salts, even in a previously nonallergic individual, and that an IgE type I immunopathogenic mechanism is involved.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The effects of indomethacin on in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell reactivity in human schistosomiasis.

The peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMN) proliferative responses of cells from patients with schistosomiasis were studied in the presence and absence of indomethacin in the culture medium. PBMN cultures were exposed to antigenic extracts of either adult S. mansoni worms (SWAP) or cercariae (CAP), and assayed for the incorporation of tritiated thymidine. More than 70% of the 48 patients studied with SWAP and the 40 patients studied with CAP, were not substantially effected by the addition of indomethacin to the cultures. The remainder (less than 30%) was augmented more than 50% by indomethacin and comprise a group which gave initially low responses to these antigenic preparations. Further analysis indicated that in some schistosomal patients the effect of an adherent suppressor cell population may, in part, be based on a prostaglandin-mediated, indomethacin-sensitive suppressive mechanism. However, the majority of patients, most of whom display adherent suppressor cells, are unaffected by indomethacin. Apparently, other adherent cell suppressor mechanisms are responsible for the regulation observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clinical, CT scan and neuropathologic findings. Apropos of 4 cases].

Four cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopaty are reported, 3 of them with an ultrastructural study and 2 with a C.T. scan study. In 2 cases, there were no other associated pathological condition. In 1 case chronic alcoholism only was present; in the last case a primitive hemochromatosis with a prevailing hepatic dysfunction was evidenced. In 2 of these cases, the initial clinical picture was made of mental disorders while it was made of a progressive left hemiparesis in one case and of a brain stem syndrome in the other case. The results of neuroradiological and isotopical investigations remained negative throughout the evolution in the 4 cases except for some C.T. scan abnormalities. Indeed, in 2 cases the C.T. scan evidenced brain lesions identified as large demyelinated areas. These were low density areas non altered by contrast and unaccompanied by any mass effect. These areas were not seen when the first clinical signs were present and thus, normality of C.T. scan appears not to allow infirmation of the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. In the 4 cases the pathological study showed characteristic lesions of the white matter. Mononucleated cells inflammatory infiltration was observed at the periphery of the demyelinizated regions. This may be related with the primitive aspect of these cases. An ultrastructural study was performed in 3 cases: viral inclusions were present not only in the nucleus of oligodendrocytes but also in their cytoplasm and in some astrocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Development of aphasic symptomatology with age. Discussion apropos of an anatomo-clinical case].

Clinical data suggesting that aphasic semeiology undergo some evolution with age are summarized. Three kinds of hypotheses may account for this evolution: (1) a possible evolution with age of the site and extent of ischaemic lesions: (2) an evolution according to age of brain functional organization for language; and (3) evolution with age of psychological and/or social aspects of individuals in whom aphasia occurs. These hypotheses are discussed in the light of a clinico-pathological case of Wernicke's aphasia with logorrheic jargon due to an infarct involving both anterior and posterior parts of the left cortical speech area. This observation does not support the first set of hypotheses implying the lesion's site. On the other hand, as regards the second hypothesis, it is conceivable that the most instrumental features of speech functional organization may undergo a progressive subcorticalization process with age so that it possibly accounts for some age specificity in aphasic semeiology. Finally, the last set of hypotheses--individual's psychological and/or social aspects--although untested here, is thought to be also of some relevance.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Plasmocytic meningitis in multiple myeloma. An anatomo-clinical observation].

A confusional state due to hypercalcemia led to the discovery of multiple myeloma in a 73 year old man. The recurrence of a confusional state, related to plasma cell meningitis called for hospitalization. Serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid immunoelectrophoresis revealed monoclonal immunoglobulines of lambda light chains. The pathologic study showed an invasion of the subarachnoid space by abnormal plasma cells. The dura mater and brain substance were not invaded. The leptomeningeal invasion by multiple myeloma plasma cells in a rare occurrence. We have found only three such cases published before. The analysis of our case and the three other leads to some comment. The clinical features are those of chronic meningitis revealed by a confusional study or epilepsy. The existence of abnormal plasma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid and their absence in the blood stream seems to suggest a local production of these cells. The histopathological study confirmed, in our case as in the others published, the massive invasion of the subarachnoid space by plasma cells while the dura mater is not invaded.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical and pathological study of a peculiar form of tuberculous meningitis: diagnostic and therapeutic problems (author's transl)].

The authors report a case of tuberculous meningitis in which multiple bacteriological samples were negative during the eleven months of the clinical course. There were no other visceral localizations. The fatal outcome was due to vascular lesions (multiple cerebral infarcts), and to CSF flow disorders. The findings of cranial computerized axial tomography and of the pathological examination are reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of whole blood cultures and peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures for evaluation of lymphocyte reactivity during chronic schistosomiasis.

Lymphocyte blastogenesis during chronic schistosomiasis has been evaluated previously by either whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMN) culture techniques. These two methods were compared in the present study. Blastogenesis to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin was greater in the whole blood cultures at the time assayed. Substantial antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation was elicited in both culture systems using cells from uninfected patients. However, patients' responses to schistosome-derived antigenic preparations as determined by whole blood culture were greatly reduced compared with PBMN cultures. In view of the known immunoregulatory activities associated with sera and cells from infected patients the whole blood technique may better reflect in vivo lymphocyte reactivity. The PBMN cultures are better suited to examine the immunoregulatory activities which may develop during this chronic infection.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1980

Inspiratory muscle activity during induced hyperinflation.

We studied the relationship between inspiratory muscle activity and lung volume in 5 normal subjects in whom hyperinflation to 78-83% VC was induced with exgernal expiratory resistances. While breathing at this high lung volume the most negative pleural pressure (Ppl) during inspiration was -23.4 +/- 2.3 cm H2O (mean +/- 1 SE), whereas the maximum expiratory Ppl was -4.2 +/- 1.6 in four and +31 cm H2O in one subject. Using relaxation pressure-volume curves of the chest wall, we reasoned that in the 4 subjects inspiratory muscles showed a substantial persistence of activity throughout expiration. The minimum inspiratory muscle force (Pmus) during expiration was 35.9 +/- 8.4% of the peak inspiratory Pmus. Similarly, the work of the inspiratory muscles in expiration was 57.8 +/- 9.5% of the work during inspiration. In all 5 subjects the diaphragm relaxed almost completely in expiration, as evidenced by the transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), which fell during expiration to 10.0 +/- 4.1% of the peak inspiratory Pdi. Inspiratory intercostal and scalene electromyographic recordings, obtained in 3 subjects, demonstrated substantial activity in expiration. We conclude that during external, resistive, expiratory loading the volume of hyperinflation is influenced by persistent activity of inspiratory muscles in expiration, and that this is due largely to the inspiratory intercostal and accessory muscles rather than the diaphragm.

Diaphragm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association between birth weight and birth arm circumference of neonates in rural Egypt.

In many developing countries including Egypt, the birth weights (BWs) of most babies go unrecorded because they are born at home. Since it is difficult to record BW in the community setting, birth arm circumference (BAC) has been used as a valid proxy for BW to identify at risk babies with low birth weight (LBW). However, the validity of BAC as an indicator of the actual BW has not been assessed fully. We did this study among neonates in rural Bilbeis, Egypt, to examine the association between BW and BAC, to assess whether BAC can serve as an indicator of the actual BW, and to determine the validity indices of 3 different cut-off levels of BAC as indicators of LBW. During 1987-88, the weights and arm circumference of 148 neonates were recorded within 2 weeks of birth. We observed a strong and highly significant positive linear correlation between BW and BAC (r = 0.6188, p = 0.0001). The BAC cut-off value of < 9.5 cm was associated with the optimal combination of sensitivity (50%) and specificity (88.4%) as an indicator of LBW. In linear regression analysis BAC was found to be a significant (p = 0.00001) predictor of BW. The means of the model predicted weights for males, females, and both genders together were identical to the corresponding means of the observed values. In contingency table analysis, for 78 (52.7%) of the 148 neonates studied the observed and predicted BW categories were identical. For another 59 (39.9%) neonates, agreement with the next lower or higher BW category was observed. We feel that BAC can be used as an indicator of the actual BW in settings where routine recording of BW is currently not practicable.

Arm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prevalence of arboviral, rickettsial, and Hantaan-like viral antibody among schoolchildren in the Nile river delta of Egypt.

A serosurvey was conducted during October and November 1989 to estimate the prevalence of selected arboviral, rickettsial, and Hantaan viral antibody among a sample of schoolchildren from 4 villages in the Bilbeis area of the Nile river delta, Egypt. Blood specimens were obtained from subjects aged 8 to 14 years. Enzyme immunoassay testing of the sera indicated that the prevalence of antibody was 9% (21/223) for Sicilian sandfly fever, 4% (8/223) for Rift Valley fever, 3% (15/437) for West Nile virus and 9% (28/315) for Hantaan (HTN) virus. Antibody was demonstrated among 22% (93/418) of the same study subjects against Coxiella burnetti, 53% (199/373) against Rickettsia typhi, and 37% (137/371) against R. conorii.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Competition binding studies with biotinylated echovirus 11 in cytofluorimetry analysis.

Competition binding studies between viruses are usually performed with radiolabelled probes. In this report, a cytofluorimetric method using biotinylated echovirus (EV) 11 is described for the study of competition of enteroviruses for a common cell receptor site. An N-hydroxysuccinimide ester biotin spacer arm was used for biotinylation of CsSO4-purified EV 11. Biotinylation did not change the infectivity of the virus (attachment to and replication in susceptible cells). With the exception of EV 22 and EV 23, all the echovirus serotypes and also coxsackievirus A9 (CA 9) were able to inhibit the absorption of biotinylated EV 11 onto cells. The taxonomic implications of these findings are discussed.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current concept of pseudodementia].

The concept of pseudodementia was coined in the late XIXth century to refer to a syndrome mimicking dementia, but without underlying neurological lesions. Depressive disorders represent the main etiological factor and may present under two different forms, either "depressive cognitive disorders", or the more severe feature of "Wernicke's pseudodementia". The main issue remains diagnosing pseudodementia form organic dementia, especially from cortical degenerations of the Alzheimer type. Thus, the recognition of this clinical syndrome represents an alternative to the diagnosis of dementia which may lead to earlier and more effective psychiatric treatment. Recently, diagnostic criteria have been proposed to facilitate this distinction. Such criteria include clinical history, neuropsychological features, biological findings (dexamethasone suppression test and plasma MHPG) and electroencephalographic sleep studies. Finally, from a theoretical point of neurological conception of depression as well as for current hypotheses on the relationship of this last one with dementia.

Dementia↗