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Biomedical subjects

M Habib

Publications and source records attributed to M Habib.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Absence of relationship between Schistosoma mansoni and hepatitis B virus infection in the Qalyub Governate, Egypt.

In order to determine whether infection with S. mansoni is related to a higher rate of infection with HBV and/or to a higher probability of HBsAg chronic carriage, a population based survey was carried out in Egypt in which HBV markers were studied in 67 subjects with heavy long-lasting S. mansoni infection. Controls were 67 subjects with no or low grade S. mansoni infection individually matched with the cases for age, sex and village of origin. 41.8% of the cases and 37.3% of controls showed no marker of HBV infection. The prevalence rate of anti-HBc alone was 4.5% in the cases and 7.5% in the controls. For anti-HBs the figures were 53.7% and 55.2% respectively. No cases or controls were positive for HBsAg. These data do not support the hypothesis of an interaction between infection with hepatitis B virus and S. mansoni.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Deep left parietal lobe syndrome: conduction aphasia and other neurobehavioural disorders due to a small subcortical lesion.

A patient with sudden onset of conduction aphasia in the context of an ischaemic stroke is reported. Other neurological and neuropsychological findings included bilateral ideomotor apraxia, right hemisensory defect and paradoxical left ear extinction on a dichotic listening test. Lesion location, as inferred from magnetic resonance imaging, involved a restricted subcortical area in the left parietal lobe, near the lateral wall of the cerebral ventricle. The anatomical correlate for each of the clinical findings is discussed in the light of classical anatomo-clinical correlations. It is concluded that this tetrad constitutes a specific syndrome which may be easily recognised and ascribed to a single lesion in the deep white matter of the left parietal lobe.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Visual hypoemotionality and prosopagnosia associated with right temporal lobe isolation.

Emotional hyporeactivity to visual stimuli (so-called visual hypoemotionality) was observed in a 71-yr-old woman following a cerebral infarction in the territory of the posterior cerebral arteries. Other visual disturbances included severe prosopagnosia, dense left hemianopia and mild left hemineglect. There was neither object agnosia nor any involvement of language, memory or intellectual functions. Hypoemotionality was found only for visual stimuli, since auditory and tactile modalities were totally spared, suggesting a visual-limbic disconnection mechanism. From CT data, and referring to previous evidence suggesting a right-hemisphere prevalence for emotional functions, it is postulated that the right occipital lesion, leading to a total right temporal lobe isolation, was mainly responsible for the patient's emotional disturbances.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1986

Immune responses and immunoregulation in relation to human schistosomiasis in Egypt. III. Immunity and longitudinal studies of in vitro responsiveness after treatment.

Immune responsiveness of schistosomiasis patients was assayed longitudinally, before and for two years after chemotherapeutic treatment with praziquantel, by in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMN) proliferation upon exposure to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), or soluble schistosomal antigenic preparations from eggs (SEA), adult worms (SWAP) or cercariae (CAP). Parallel faecal and urine examinations documented the infection status of the patients during this time. Treatment resulted in substantially increased responsiveness to the schistosome-derived materials but not to PHA or C. albicans extract. The responses to SEA, SWAP, and CAP often remained elevated for one to two years after treatment. However, those patients who became reinfected had significantly lower PBMN responses to SEA or CAP at the time of the last blastogenesis assay before the observation that they were again stool-positive for Schistosoma mansoni eggs. No other demonstrable differences (such as age, sex, household location, pre-treatment intensities of infection or occupation) were observed between those who remained uninfected for at least two years (resistant?) and those who became reinfected during this time (susceptible?).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Risk of hepatitis B infection among Egyptians infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

Three hundred twenty-four individuals in a farming village located in the Nile Delta of Egypt were serially tested for hepatitis markers and Schistosoma mansoni to determine whether there is an increased risk of hepatitis B in persons infected with schistosomiasis. One-half of the subjects had stools positive for S. mansoni. Thirty-seven percent of the individuals had been infected with hepatitis B, and 3% were chronic HBsAg carriers. No statistical association was found between S. mansoni infection and hepatitis B infection, including chronic hepatitis B. Although there was no evidence of an association between these 2 pathogens, larger nonhospital based studies are needed to resolve this question.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cortical asymmetry on magnetic resonance imaging related to unilateral hemispheric function. A preliminary investigation.

Cortical brain R/L asymmetry was assessed by spin echo lateral sagittal sections on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classified by visual comparison and by measuring the length of the parietal operculum and the inclination of the sylvian fissure. The results were related to handedness, selected as a lateralized function. The results indicate that assessment of the cortical surface by sagittal MRI is feasible. Comparison between images from two imaging systems (40 hemispheres: 0.15 T/0.75 and 1 cm section thickness versus 4 hemispheres: 0.5 T/0.5 cm section thickness) indicates a minimum standard for this approach on a large scale to be set by the more powerful system, mainly dependent on image noise and volume averaging factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Biological determinants of cerebral dominance].

This review summarizes the present evidence for a biological basis of functional brain asymmetry. Morphological asymmetries, despite long-standing knowledge, have only recently aroused general interest. The most striking asymmetries involve regions of the cerebral cortex located around the posterior end of the Sylvian fissures: mainly studied was the planum temporale, but others include the parietal operculum, inferior parietal lobule, and inferior frontal gyrus. In most instances, cortical areas proved to bear asymmetries favouring the left hemisphere. Architectonic studies also revealed asymmetrical features; especially area "Tpt", roughly similar to Wernicke's posterior language area, has been found up to 7 times larger on the left than on the right hemisphere. Similar asymmetries were discovered in fetal brains, as early as the 30th gestational week, as well as in the cerebral cortex of some apes. These data suggest that morphological asymmetries need not be the consequence of functional effects but rather a predetermined feature, probably widely spread throughout animal kingdom. An open question remains as to the functional significance of these asymmetries. In this regard, studies have dealt with possible correlations between morphological asymmetries (as assessed in vivo by cerebral neuro-imaging methods) and features of functional asymmetry, especially handedness and hemispheric dominance for language. Despite incomplete results, available data suggest a significant correlation, at least in dextrals. The exact nature of these relationships remains speculative. Knowledge about the contribution of genetic factors in determining cerebral dominance followed observations of familial clustering of functional asymmetries, especially sinistrality, as well as studies in mono- and dizygotic twins. However, a purely genetic model seems to be unable to account consistently for the data. Hypotheses emphasizing birth stress may be only exceptionally verified. Actually, current evidence points to a specific period in the fetal life, probably around the 6th gestational month, during which neurons in post-migrational stage set up their synaptic contacts. The final gyral pattern of the brain probably builds up during this period, as a consequence of a mechanism of competition for synapses among different cortical areas which regulates the amount of neuronal growth and death. Such a mechanism probably also accounts for the development of cortical asymmetries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Glycosylated proteins in diabetic nephropathy.

This study was carried out on 55 diabetic patients, 20 of whom had diabetic nephropathy, and 10 controls. Glycosylated haemoglobin, glycosylated serum protein, glucoprotein, serum protein electrophoresis, blood urea, serum creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin were measured. A significant increase of glucoprotein was observed in patients with diabetic nephropathy. No correlation was found between glycosylated serum protein and glycosylated haemoglobin and duration of diabetes. Glycosylated serum protein showed a positive correlation with beta 2-microglobulin, indicating a link between renal involvement and the rise in glycosylated serum protein. Whether there is a pathogenic relation between glycosylated serum protein and the development of nephropathy awaits further evidence.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Progressive degenerative myoclonic epilepsy. Systematized olivo-cerebellar lesions].

A 15 year-old North-African female showed typical symptoms and evolution of Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy of the Unverricht type. Pathological examination failed to show either inclusion bodies or any other storage material. The only relevant findings included degenerative changes in the inferior olives and, to a lesser extent, in the cerebellar cortex. The site of lesions was remarkable: in the inferior olives, lesions were bilaterally and symmetrically restricted to the external angles (lateral lamellae); in the cerebellum, loss of Purkinje cells and ascending fibres of the molecular layer was prominent in the lateralmost part of the hemispheres (semilunar lobules). Such a topography implies a system disorder involving the olivo-cerebellar pathway, particularly in that part which projects to the neocerebellum. Twelve other clinico-pathological cases of progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the degenerative group are reviewed. It is suggested that, here again, lesions--although more diffuse--may be related to a primarily olivo-cerebellar involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Metastatic cerebral abscesses due to Hemophilus paraphrophilus.

A patient who had a two-month history of nonspecific inflammatory disease experienced symptoms of raised intracranial pressure and meningitis. Computed tomographic scan showed multiple, small ring-enhancing hypodensities consistent with cerebral abscesses. The infective agent proved to be Hemophilus paraphrophilus, a fastidious, particularly slow-growing organism that was identified on blood cultures. An autopsy disclosed disseminated microabscesses and demonstrated typical pathologic changes of endocarditis complicating mitral valve prolapse.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed1984

CT assessment of right-left asymmetries in the human cerebral cortex.

Referring to bicommissural coordinates, 10 human brains fixed within their own skull were examined for right-left differences of the posterior Sylvian cortex, a region known to bear the most striking gross anatomical asymmetries. In the first part of the study a millimetric assessment of right-left differences in this region was carried out using life-size lateral photographs of each hemisphere. The second part is more specifically devoted to CT recognition of these cortical areas: Each hemisphere was cut into horizontal, frontal, or sagittal slices in which some cortical landmarks were analyzed to allow accurate CT identification of gyri and sulci showing the most asymmetrical features. This work provides an anatomical framework for correlative studies dealing with cerebral dominance.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of natural killer activity in human schistosomiasis.

Natural killer (NK) activity was assayed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with schistosomiasis, of patients following treatment, and of uninfected control subjects. The patient populations were from villages in the Qalyub Province, Egypt and around Belo Horizonte , Brazil. NK activity was assayed by the cytotoxicity of 51Cr-labelled K562 target tumor cells. In neither infected population were significant alterations from normal levels found in the percent cytotoxicity per 10(6) cells, or in the lytic units that expressed 25% cytotoxicity. Likewise, prior treatment (2 and 6 months previously) did not alter the group NK activity detected. Similarly, in the Egyptian study there was no difference in the percentage of large granular lymphocytes between the infected and uninfected groups. In parallel studies in Egyptian and Brazilian schistosomiasis patients we did not find any evidence that this chronic infection consistently altered circulating NK activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Immune responses and immunoregulation in relation to human schistosomiasis in Egypt. II. Cimetidine reversal of histamine-mediated suppression of antigen-induced blastogenesis.

The effect of histamine on cell-mediated immune responses of chronic schistosomiasis patients was tested by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMN) reactions to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA) and soluble schistosomal antigenic preparations derived from eggs (SEA) or adult worms (SWAP). PBMN responses to PHA were suppressed by exogenous histamine (10(-5)M), and the addition of cimetidine (CIM) (10(-4)M), an H2-receptor antagonist, reversed this suppressive effect. Histamine primarily suppressed PBMN responses to suboptimal and optimal PHA concentrations. Exogenous histamine (10(-5)M) also suppressed PBMN responses of 27 schistosomiasis patients to SEA and SWAP, respectively. The addition of CIM (10(-4)M) to suppressed cultures reversed the effect of exogenous histamine. Most importantly, the addition of CIM to schistosomal antigen-induced cultures, without exogenous histamine, significantly increased patients' PBMN responses to SEA and SWAP. The mean optimal increase in SEA responses of 19 patients was 390%. With SWAP-induced responses of 21 patients this increase was 165%. The use of 10(-4)M diphenhydramine (DPH), an H1-receptor antagonist, resulted in general suppression of both PHA-induced and schistosomal antigen-induced PBMN responses. Lower concentrations of DPH lead to variable responses but did not result in consistent abrogation of the histamine-induced suppression. These data imply that an histamine-induced, H2-receptor-mediated suppressor circuit often helps modulate antigen-specific responsiveness of PBMN from patients with chronic schistosomiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Alexander's disease in an adult].

A 34-year-old man developed cerebellar symptoms, palatal myoclonus and spastic paraparesis progressing over several months. During this period, acute respiratory failure occurred in two instances with evidence of central chronic hypoventilation. CT scan showed enlargement of the frontal horns and posterior fossa cisterns. Post mortem examination revealed the following features: 1) Rosenthal's fibers widespread throughout the CNS but especially in subependymal regions; 2) bilateral white matter cavitations involving the frontal lobes, hilum of dentate nuclei and bulbar pyramids; 3) microscopic pseudogliomatous foci present in several sites, especially in the fornix and midbrain tegmentum; 4) the medulla and high cervical spinal cord showed "peripheral type" myelin fibers along with Schwann cell proliferation in aberrant intra-parenchymal situation. The relationship of this case--as well as the few previous adult reports--to the well-defined infantile Alexander's disease is discussed. The possible hamartomatous nature of both glial changes and aberrant myelin production is emphasized. These various lesions, including Rosenthal fiber formation, are assumed to result from a similar--probably dysontogenetic--pathophysiological mechanism. It is suggested that Alexander's disease, in this case, should be classified among phakomatoses rather than enzymopathic leukodystrophies.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Crossed aphasia in dextrals: a case report with special reference to site of lesion.

A strictly right-handed man showed aphasia and left hemiplegia following a deep infarct of the right hemisphere. Aphasic semeiology was characterized by an oral and written jargon while comprehension was almost intact. Several hypotheses previously put forward fail to account for the patient's aphasia. Emphasizing the frequency of deep structures involvement in the published cass of crossed dextral aphasias, it is suggested that site of lesion may have a certain part to play in the occurrence of such aphasias.

Aphasia↗