Anti-TAC MOAB prolongs renal allografts in cynomolgus monkeys.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M H Reed
Publications and source records attributed to M H Reed.
Calcification of axillary lymph nodes following BCG vaccination.
Axillary lymph node calcification was found in 18 children following BCG vaccination. Five of these also had symptomatic adenitis. The calcifications involved one to four nodes and appeared as discrete, oval densities. They disappeared over the course of several months in three patients. No axillary lymph node calcification was seen on chest radiographs of 60 other children who had had BCG vaccination in the neonatal period.
Adolescent↗
The role of a primate model of renal transplantation in the development of new monoclonal antibodies.
In recent years, a detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of the immune response has been achieved. These advances, coupled with the technology for producing monoclonal antibodies, have made possible to consider highly specific and potentially powerful methods of immunosuppressive treatment. This promise of potent and specific treatment has not been entirely fulfilled on clinical practice. A preclinical nonhuman primate model of renal transplantation is described. The model has been used to investigate two monoclonal anti-IL-2 receptor antibodies, one of which was found to be effective. Anti-Tac, an lgG2a mouse antihuman monoclonal antibody, prolongs graft survival in cynomolgus monkeys from 12 to 19 days. The role of such a model in bringing new monoclonal antibodies to the clinic is described.
Animals↗
Radiologic features of Dévé's accessory lobe.
In 10-15% of the population a fissure, situated at the same level as the minor fissure, partially or completely separates the superior segment from the basal segments of the lower lobe, more commonly on the right. A review of 25 patients showed that the accessory lobe produced by this fissure has a characteristic appearance when consolidated or collapsed. On the frontal view the consolidation is sharply marginated inferiorly by the accessory fissure, and it does not obscure the mediastinal margin. On the lateral view it has a triangular shape bounded by the oblique and accessory fissures. When there is loss of volume the accessory fissure is elevated.
Child↗
Growth disturbances in the hands following thermal injuries in children. 1. Flame burns.
Five children developed growth disturbances following severe burns of their hands. Joint abnormalities, amputations, and periosteal reaction were seen on radiographs, and all had premature epiphyseal fusion in several phalanges or metacarpals, a finding rarely described previously.
Burns↗
Growth disturbances in the hands following thermal injuries in children. 2. Frostbite.
Nine children who had growth abnormalities of their hands following frostbite were studied. In all nine there was shortening of distal phalanges and some adjacent middle phalanges. Proximal phalanges and metacarpals were rarely involved. Epiphyseal abnormalities included destruction, premature fusion, and fragmentation. Other findings included irregularity of the distal ends of phalanges, abnormal alignment, joint abnormalities, and soft tissue swelling.
Adolescent↗
Possible prenatal hydantoin effect in a child born to a nonepileptic mother.
We describe a child who was born with marked digital hypoplasia of his right hand. Although the mother was not an epileptic, the child was exposed in utero to diphenylhydantoin.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Monoclonal anti-IL-2 receptor antibody in primate renal transplantation.
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Animals↗
Zimmerman-Laband syndrome and profound mental retardation.
A young man was diagnosed as having Zimmerman-Laband syndrome (ZLS) on the basis of gingival fibromatosis and absence of nails on thumbs and halluces in addition to other anomalies. He also had profound mental retardation.
Adult↗
Is bronchiolitis in infancy an antecedent of chronic lung disease in adolescence and adulthood?
Acute bronchiolitis in infancy appears to be associated with persistence of wheezing or subsequent asthma in later life. Chest imaging techniques have demonstrated persistent structural lung damage such as atelectasis, bronchiectasis, and obliterative bronchiolitis among survivors of the more severe forms of bronchiolitis. In addition, in a significant number of survivors without demonstrable structural damage, pulmonary function studies have revealed a spectrum of disturbances including air-trapping, reduced air flow at low lung volumes, hypoxemia (all indicating disease in the small airways), and bronchial hyperreactivity. However, it has not yet been proven definitively whether the relationship between severe bronchiolitis in infancy and chronic obstructive lung disease is causal or noncausal. Further prospective clinical studies are needed to resolve this question.
Acute Disease↗
Cystic fibrosis in the adolescent and adult.
Modern comprehensive therapy for CF now allows the survival of patients into adulthood. In addition, more patients are being diagnosed for the first time in adolescence or early adulthood. As a result, over 20% of all CF patients are aged 18 years or older. The clinical and radiologic features of the older patients differ from those of pediatric patients and are discussed in this article. However, as with the pediatric patients, chronic lung disease remains the major cause of morbidity and is, almost uniformly, the cause of death in adolescent and adult CF. The plain chest radiograph remains a vital tool not only for diagnosis but as a simple method for establishing a baseline at diagnosis and quantifying serial changes as the patient ages.
Adolescent↗
Orthopaedic manifestations of leukemia in children.
Acute leukemia of childhood may present with various clinical manifestations that mimic orthopaedic conditions. The osseous radiographic abnormalities of this disease, although well described in the literature, are not pathognomonic, and certain changes may not be as frequent as was previously thought. In a retrospective study, we reviewed the cases of 107 patients, less than eighteen years old, who had been seen at the Winnipeg Children's Hospital. The mean follow-up was 4.6 years for the fifty-eight patients who were still alive and 2.0 years for the forty-nine non-survivors. In twenty-two (20.6 per cent) of the patients, the presenting complaints were pain in the extremities, back pain, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, or fracture. The radiographic abnormalities, which were present in forty-seven (43.9 per cent) of the children at the time of diagnosis, were osteopenia, lytic lesions, metaphyseal bands, periosteal new bone, and sclerotic lesions. Since the initial symptoms of leukemia commonly involve the musculoskeletal system, a high index of suspicion must be maintained by orthopaedic surgeons.
Adolescent↗
Persistent fifth aortic arch with coarctation of the aorta.
A case of persistence of both the left fourth and fifth aortic arches is described in which both left arches were narrowed resulting in coarctation. Correction was accomplished surgically.
Aorta, Thoracic↗
The campomelic syndrome: review, report of 17 cases, and follow-up on the currently 17-year-old boy first reported by Maroteaux et al in 1971.
We report 17 cases of the campomelic syndrome (CS) and a follow-up of one of the original patients of Maroteaux et al who is now 17 years old. Our review is based on 97 patients, including our own. An infant with the CS presents at birth with spectacularly short and bowed femora and tibiae. The initial chest radiograph confirms the diagnosis by demonstrating extremely small bladeless scapulae and hypoplastic pedicles of many thoracic vertebrae. Ossification of the sternal segments, pubis, talus, and knee epiphyses is also retarded. Usually the hips are dislocated and talipes equinovarus deformities are present. There is a small chondrocranium and a disproportionately large neurocranium. The bell-shaped chest, narrow superiorly, does not explain the degree of respiratory distress that soon ensues. Narrow airways from defective tracheo-bronchial cartilage can often be demonstrated on the radiograph, but micrognathia, retroglossia, cleft palate, hypoplastic lungs, and even CNS-based hypotonia contribute to the respiratory problem. Internal anomalies include frequent absence of olfactory bulbs and tracts and dilatation of cerebral ventricles, heart defects (PDA, VSD, stenosis of aortic isthmus), hydroureter and hydronephrosis, renal hypoplasia, renal hypoplasia, and rarely renal cysts.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Neonatal pulmonary infarction. A cause of 'cystlike' lucencies on the chest roentgenogram.
Perinatal pulmonary infarction is a difficult and infrequently made diagnosis. A male newborn had infarction of most of the right lung secondary to perinatal pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Serial chest roentgenograms initially showed opacity of most of the right lung, followed by the appearance of well-defined radiolucencies resembling pneumatoceles associated with mass effect. By the 25th day of life the localized "cystlike" lucencies were no longer evident and the right lung appeared predominantly hyperlucent. Although the presence of underlying disease makes the diagnosis of PTE in the infant and young child difficult, the clinical features and methods of diagnosis of PTE in this age group are similar to those for the adult. The diagnosis of PTE should be considered in the infant with respiratory distress and unusual findings on chest roentgenography.
Cysts↗
Chondro-osseous changes in Cerebro-Oculo-Facial-Skeletal (COFS) syndrome.
Radiological and pathological findings were described in three cases of COFS syndrome. Early diagnosis of this syndrome is possible by the recognition radiologically of the characteristic proximal displacement of second metatarsals and pathologically by the extensive cell necrosis in the iliac crest biopsy. Pathological findings, including the presence of nuclear bodies in chondrocytes and amianthoid fibres surrounding necrotic cartilage cells, are compatible with a primary degenerative/deformative disorder. The aetiology of this syndrome is unknown.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
The significance of cytoplasmic chondrocyte inclusions in multiple osteochondromatosis, solitary osteochondromas, and chondrodysplasias.
Lesions from two patients with multiple osteochondromas and from three patients with solitary osteochondromas were studied. The histologic and ultrastructural features in both conditions were identical. The chondrocyte population in osteochondromas resembled those in normal hyaline cartilage but the cells in osteochondromas exhibited an accumulation of granular and filamentous materials within markedly dilated cisterns of ergastoplasm. These accumulations formed eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions which did not stain with Alcian blue, but were PAS positive after diastase digestion. Chondrocytic inclusions of similar or diverse morphology are found in a number of chondrodysplasias. The findings suggest that the solitary osteochondromas, like the lesions of multiple osteochondromatosis, share a common morphologic feature with the chondrodysplasias.
Cartilage↗
Adenovirus bronchiolitis in Manitoba: epidemiologic, clinical, and radiologic features.
We reviewed our experience with 41 children hospitalized from 1974 to 1978 for adenovirus (ADV) bronchiolitis. Thirty-two patients (78 percent) were native Indians between four and 12 months old. In 18 of the 41 patients (43.9 percent) acute complications developed. The five fatal cases (12.2 percent) were confined to native children. The initial chest roentgenograms showed lobar consolidation in 35 patients (85.4 percent). Atelectasis developed in five (12.2 percent) during hospitalization. Sixteen of 25 patients (64 percent) with adequate radiologic follow-up examination had subsequent pneumonias or showed residual chronic changes. The reasons for the predilection of ADV bronchiolitis in native Indian children and the precise effect on subsequent airway function in survivors are unknown and require further study. We emphasize the importance of ADV as a cause of bronchiolitis in native Indian children. Furthermore, this report focuses attention on the contribution of this disease to the spectrum of chronic pulmonary disorders in the pediatric group.
Adenoviridae Infections↗