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Biomedical subjects

M Guslandi

Publications and source records attributed to M Guslandi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Luminal bicarbonate outflow in chronic antral erosions is suppressed by pirenzepine.

The effects of pirenzepine and ranitidine on luminal HCO3- outflow occurring in subjects with chronic antral erosions have been investigated in a double-blind study. Thirty outpatients with chronic erosions of the gastric antrum were randomly treated for 4 weeks with either pirenzepine 50 mg b.i.d. or ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. Endoscopic appearance and intragastric bicarbonate content were assessed before and after treatment. At endoscopic follow-up pirenzepine was found to be significantly more effective than ranitidine in promoting disappearance of antral erosions. In the ranitidine group the abnormally high intraluminal HCO3 content was reduced only in healed subjects, while no changes were observed in patients with persisting erosions. In contrast pirenzepine induced normalization of intragastric bicarbonate both in healed and in unhealed patients. The results suggest that pirenzepine suppresses luminal HCO3 leakage by functionally strengthening mucosal defences even before anatomical repair is obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mucosal blood flow and gastric protection--effect of neurohormonal and pharmacological agents.

The role of mucosal blood flow in the protection of gastric mucosa is now well recognized. While impairment of local blood supply promotes mucosal injury, an increase in mucosal blood flow protects against experimental damage. In fact gastric microcirculation supplies both nutrients and bicarbonate to the gastric mucosa and provides removal of back-diffused hydrogen ions. In order to protect the mucosa against acid excess, blood flow normally increases when acid secretion is stimulated by gastric secretagogues. In contrast, most antisecretory agents induce local vasoconstriction secondary to gastric acid inhibition. The effect of various substances (neural transmitters, gastrointestinal hormones, anti-ulcer drugs, prostaglandins) on mucosal blood flow is reviewed and discussed.

Gastric Mucosa↗
PubMed1986

Luminal leakage of HCO3 in chronic antral erosions.

Gastric bicarbonate content has been determined, under basal conditions, in ten patients with chronic antral erosions, and in ten healthy controls. The former group showed a significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than normal luminal concentration of HCO3. After medical treatment gastric bicarbonate content returned to normal in patients showing endoscopic healing, but not in subjects with persisting erosions. It is suggested that in chronic antral erosions, extensive disruption of mucosal integrity leads to passive leakage of bicarbonate into the gastric lumen.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1986

Gastric effects of a prostaglandin E1-derivate (rioprostil) on acid, alkaline, and mucus secretion.

In a double-blind crossover study, the gastric effects of a single oral dose of rioprostil (150 and 300 micrograms) or placebo were compared in basal conditions and during a 120-minute pentagastrin infusion. A slight decrease in basal acid output and a nonsignificant rise in basal bicarbonate secretion were observed with the 300-micrograms dose. Pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion was reduced by the prostaglandin derivate, especially with the 300-micrograms dose. Compared with placebo, 300 micrograms of rioprostil significantly stimulated basal mucoprotein secretion and bicarbonate and mucus output during pentagastrin infusion. The results suggest that 300 micrograms of rioprostil exerts both a moderate antisecretory activity and a strengthening effect on the gastric mucus-bicarbonate barrier.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Sucralfate and gastric bicarbonate.

The effect of sucralfate treatment (3 g daily for 6 weeks) on gastric HCO3- secretion was investigated in 15 duodenal ulcer patients. After treatment a highly significant (p less than 0.01) increase in gastric bicarbonate output was found. It is suggested that the mode of action of sucralfate includes stimulation of gastric alkaline secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Lack of effect of ambroxol, a bronchial secretolytic agent, on gastric mucus in man.

The effect of ambroxol, a bronchial mucolytic agent, on gastric mucus was investigated in man. Ten patients with bronchial hypersecretion were treated with ambroxol 30 mg t.i.d. by the oral route for 10 days. Before and after treatment the amount of total mucoproteins in the gastric juice was measured and a 'mucoprotective index' was calculated. Neither quantitative nor qualitative changes in gastric mucus were observed after ambroxol treatment. Our results show that the drug does not exert lytic effects on the gastric mucus layer and hence is devoid of damaging activity on the gastric mucosa.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Pirenzepine in erosive duodenitis. A controlled clinical trial versus ranitidine.

Fifty-five outpatients with chronic duodenal erosions and no previous ulcer history were treated, in a double-blind fashion, with either pirenzepine (50 mg twice daily) or ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) for 6 weeks. The drugs were equally effective in inducing symptomatic relief. At endoscopic control, 70.4% of subjects in the pirenzepine group and 39.3% of ranitidine-treated patients showed complete healing (p less than 0.05). The results suggest that acid secretion is not an important factor in the pathogenesis of erosive duodenitis and that other mechanisms (such as impaired mucosal blood flow) must be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Can acid inhibitors be "true" cytoprotective agents?

Cytoprotection is a biological process occurring independently of gastric acid inhibition. Evaluation of the possible cytoprotective activities of antisecretory drugs is therefore difficult, unless appropriate experimental models are employed. The results of cytoprotection studies with gastric acid inhibitors are reported and reviewed herein.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ulcer-healing drugs and endogenous prostaglandins.

Endogenous prostaglandins are involved in the control of gastric acid secretion and in the protection of the gastroduodenal mucosa. Although a possible deficiency of local prostanoids in peptic ulcer disease is still controversial, stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by pharmacological agents can be helpful both in the prevention and in the treatment of mucosal injuries. The interference of anti-ulcer drugs with gastric prostanoids is reviewed. Drugs inhibiting gastric acid secretion seem to exert no effect on endogenous prostaglandins. In contrast, the mechanism of action of mucosal protecting agents, such as carbenoxolone and sucralfate, appears to be partially mediated by stimulation of gastric prostaglandin synthesis.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1985

Effect of sulglycotide on gastric bicarbonate secretion in humans.

The effect of sulglycotide, a cytoprotective agent with a healing effect on ulcers, on gastric bicarbonate secretion in humans was evaluated. Fifteen healthy volunteers were treated with sulglycotide 400 mg t.i.d. for 10 days. Before and after treatment the bicarbonate content of basal gastric juice was determined by Feldman and Barnett's method. Sulglycotide was found to increase significantly (p less than 0.0001) basal HCO3- production from the human stomach, thus strengthening the gastric mucosal defences. It was concluded that the cytoprotective and therapeutic properties of the drug are partially related to stimulation of gastric alkaline secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of ranitidine, domperidone maleate and ranitidine + domperidone maleate in the short-term treatment of reflux oesophagitis.

In the treatment of reflux oesophagitis, either drugs preventing regurgitation of gastric juice in the lower oesophagus or pharmacological agents increasing the pH of the refluxing material are employed. In the present study 45 outpatients with reflux oesophagitis were randomly treated with either ranitidine (150 mg b.i.d.) or domperidone maleate (20 mg t.i.d.) or both drugs for six weeks. Before and after treatment the severity of dyspeptic symptoms and the grade of endoscopic and histological changes were assessed. The three therapeutic regimens were significantly and equally effective in inducing symptomatic relief and promoting endoscopic and histological disappearance or improvement of oesophagitis. The combined use of ranitidine and domperidone maleate failed to show any additional benefit compared with treatment with either drug alone.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Assessment of the 'mucus-bicarbonate' barrier in the stomach of patients with chronic gastric disorders.

The composition of gastric mucus and the amount of gastric bicarbonate secretion have been investigated in 26 subjects including healthy controls, duodenal ulcer patients and subjects with chronic gastric disorders (benign gastric ulcer or chronic superficial gastritis). Qualitative changes in gastric mucus (expressed as a reduction in the values of 'mucoprotective index') were found in the gastric ulcer group, but not in patients with chronic superficial gastritis. Basal bicarbonate secretion was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) in subjects with gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis, compared with healthy controls. Mucus secretion and bicarbonate production proved to be normal in duodenal ulcer patients. Our results support the concept that impairment of the 'mucus-bicarbonate' barrier is an important pathogenetic factor in gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Early detection of pancreatic lesions in chronic alcoholism: diagnostic accuracy of ERP.

In order to detect early pancreatic changes in chronic alcoholism, we reviewed pancreatograms (ERP) in 35 patients with alcoholic chronic liver disease who had no clinical evidence of pancreatitis. The patients were grouped by the length of history of alcohol intake (group 1: 5-15 years; group 2: more than 15 years), and on the basis of daily alcohol intake (group 1: 100-150 g/day; group 2: 150-200 g/day; group 3: more than 200 g/day). Pancreatic changes were present at ERP in 48.6% of patients, suggesting mild pancreatitis in 15 patients and advanced pancreatitis in two. Pancreatic lesions were significantly more frequent (p less than 0.01) in those who took more than 200 g of alcohol each day. There was no correlation with the length of history of alcoholism or with hepatic lesions. Our data confirm that asymptomatic pancreatitis is frequent in chronic alcoholism and that ERP can detect pancreatic lesions not otherwise demonstrable.

Adult↗