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Biomedical subjects

M Guillot

Publications and source records attributed to M Guillot.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Kinematics of the pelvic girdle and the thoracic and lumbar segments in the course of the lateral inclinations and rotations of the spine].

Physiological displacements of the trunk are the addition of these of the pelvic girdle and thoracic and lumbar spine segments. For a long time (3), this conjunction had been noticed but without numbered precisions. The purpose of this communication is to appreciate quantitatively, from a series of 16 subjects, the respective share of each components during lateral bending movements in the frontal plan and movements of rotation in the transverse plan. It results from this work that the pelvic girdle presents as reduced amplitude (4 degrees) in lateral bending on the other hand, displacement predominate to the level of thoracic spine (50 degrees). In rotation pelvic displacements are very important (30 degrees), while the spine so thoracic that lumbar has a weak participation (inferior to 5 degrees). Moderated abduction of hips increases by significant manner the motility of the pelvic girdle.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Post-traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts].

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary pseudocyst is an unusual complication of chest trauma. CASE REPORT: A 12-year-old boy suffered from a non penetrating chest trauma. Examination was normal except mild hemoptysis. Chest X-rays and tomodensitometry showed several cystic lesions surrounded by areas of pulmonary contusion in the right lower lobe. X-rays performed a few years before the trauma were normal. The cystic lesions progressively disappeared within a few months. CONCLUSION: This is a new case of post-traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst whose diagnosis may be difficult until spontaneous cure.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1996

A randomized, double-blind, multicentre controlled trial of ibuprofen versus acetaminophen and placebo for symptoms of acute otitis media in children.

Two hundred and nineteen children (boys: 56%, girls: 44%) were included in a randomized, double-blind, multicentre (4 centres) controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen (IBU) in the treatment of 1 to 6 year-old children with otoscopically proven acute otitis media (AOM), either unilateral or bilateral. They randomly received 10 mg/kg IBU (n = 71), or acetaminophen (PARA) (n = 73) or placebo (PLA) (n = 75), orally, tid, for 48 hours. All received oral cefaclor (Alfatil, Lilly, France) for seven days. They were evaluated before (D0) and at the end of treatment (D2). The main criterion of response was the aspect (landmarks and color) of the tympanic membrane assessed on a semi-quantitative scale from 0 to 6. Other criteria, assessed on semi-quantitative scales, included relief of pain (0 or 1), rectal temperature (0 to 2), and overall evaluation by parents of the improvement of quality of life on three items: appetite (0 to 2), sleep (0 to 2), and playing activity (0 to 2). The results at D2 were as follows: there was no significant difference between treatment groups as to the main criterion, but only a trend for IBU and PARA to do better than PLA but not for IBU to do better than PARA. From these data there is no argument to emphasize the utility of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in treating the inflammatory signs of the tympanic membrane in otitis. There was a statistically significant difference between treatment groups at D2 for pain, IBU being superior to PLA (P < 0.01): 7%, 10% and 25% of the children were still suffering at D2 in the IBU, PARA and PLA treatment groups, respectively. The difference between PARA and PLA for pain was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between treatment groups for the other criteria. All treatments were well and equally tolerated. Although no significant difference was found between the treatment groups on the aspect of the tympanic membrane, the efficacy of IBU was evidenced on the relief of pain, the symptom that most disturbs the child.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1996

[Nursing staff and volunteers in a geriatric institution: how do they collaborate?].

Nursing staff and voluntaries in hospital have relationships which reflect the idea they have of their own place in the system. The professionnal identity is particularly at stake especially for nurses. It is built up from everyone's values and logic. Should the outside and inside perceptions be contradiction then the relationship is strained. The sharing of care among a vast number of actors creates a parcelling and makes the situation complicated. Therefore, coordination and collaboration are necessary. Because of their position called "marginal-sécant", some actors are able to articulate better those different logics. Through the description of a voluntary body in a geriatric hospital, actors' points of view are analysed by means of interviews or questionnaires. Those elements enable us to understand the way the voluntary help is developing. This concept is a current topic in society and in hospitals.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Determination of the position of the pelvic girdle by the method of external markers in the sagittal plane: a preliminary feasibility study.

The global amplitude of the movements of the trunk is the resultant of the sum of two components: the movements of the pelvic girdle and those of the vertebral segments. In order to assess the precise position of the pelvis in kinetics, we endeavored by the use of skin markers to determine whether reliable measurement points existed. The experiment showed that a line drawn from the median sacral crest at the level of S1 to the highest point of the iliac crest appeared relevant and practical for assessment of the position of the pelvic girdle in the sagittal plane.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Comparative study of static curves of the human spine in vivo during exercise and stretching in men and women].

Comparative study of static curves of the thoracic and lumbar spine in men and women has been realized under constraints of compression by weightlifting and elongation by exercise to parallel bars. In two athletic practices, curves decrease their arrow, ending to a straighter and more rigid column. This behavior expresses muscular actions. The greatest amplitude of displacement, observed in female series, shows lesser muscular forces in connection with a poor practice of exercises of body building.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

Preliminary study of the human lumbar spine using speckle technique. Limits of compression, shear and torsion. Speckle photography--electronic speckle pattern interferometry.

Optical techniques using single wavelength lasers allow precise study of the superficial displacements of deeper anatomical structures through direct mechanical pull. Two techniques have been used in this study: 1. Double exposure speckle photography. Since 1980 the relationship between the surface displacements and minimal traction applied to the transverse processes of the spine, either unilateral or bilateral, was studied in an attempt to simulate muscular action exerted at this level. 2. Computerised speckle interferometry. This allowed analysis of the deformations between the lumbar vertebrae under vertical compression, shear or torsion outside the usual anatomical planes. This preliminary study outlines the mechanical behaviour and the plasticity of the vertebral structures but has been performed on only a few anatomical specimens thus not allowing statistical analysis. This would require a larger series.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

A model of the human lumbar vertebral column: a preliminary study.

Finite element modelling of the human lumbar vertebral column employs data-processing procedures for study of the linear and nonlinear elasticity of materials such as are currently used in mechanics or in civil engineering. Thanks to developments in computer science, requiring a close collaboration between doctors and engineers, we put forward in this preliminary study a linear computerised model of the lumbar column comprising 4824 meshes and 6813 nodes. By reducing the simplificatory hypotheses and integrating new parameters, this model as developed is capable of important clinical applications in surgery and ergonomics.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1995

A method for the evaluation of tensile properties of skin equivalents.

In vitro production of anchored skin equivalent is a new therapeutical option for burn patients. A skin equivalent is a combined culture of dermal and epidermal layers. The dermal layer provides important mechanical properties, such as tensile resistance and nonlinear elasticity, to the skin equivalent during its development. Prior to any in vivo human transplantation, the tensile properties of cutaneous equivalents have to be evaluated as a function of its structural components, in view of establishing the culture conditions leading to the best mechanical resistance and stretchability characteristics. However, the handling and clamping of skin equivalents are frequent causes of tearing and lack of repeatability in the measuring of tensile properties. A new indentation method involving a specially designed culture dish has been developed to minimize the risk of damage. Using this new culture dish, cutaneous equivalents were installed on an indentation apparatus. The central loading of a spherical tip was transmitted to the central area of a circular anchored cutaneous equivalent and was recorded with tip position. The tests were achieved at a constant low deflection rate of the tip. This new and accurate method gave repeatability in three central load-deflection characteristics of anchored dermal equivalent: the high-modulus (0.15 g mm-1), the central load of rupture (1.49 g), the rupture deflection (0.470 mm). This indentation test is expected to be an efficient tool in the evaluation of various skin equivalent models tensile properties.

Biological Dressings↗
PubMed1995

Deletions of both alpha 5(IV) and alpha 6(IV) collagen genes in Alport syndrome and in Alport syndrome associated with smooth muscle tumours.

Diffuse oesophageal leiomyomatosis (DL), an inherited smooth muscle proliferation process, has been reported to be associated with Alport syndrome (AS), a familial nephropathy, mainly dominant X-linked inherited, and characterized by ultrastructural changes of the glomerular basement membrane. The COL4A5 gene, encoding the alpha 5 chain of type IV collagen, has been identified as the site of mutations in families with X-linked AS. Recently, a novel alpha 6(IV) collagen chain encoding gene has been mapped closely upstream of COL4A5, and disruption of the 5' end of both genes has been reported in four patients with DL and AS (DL-AS). Here, we report a long-range restriction map around the COL4A6 locus, and show that the COL4A5/COL4A6 deletion observed in seven patients with DL-AS encompasses only the two first exons of COL4A6, with a breakpoint located in the second intron of COL4A6, whose size exceeds 65 kb. Furthermore, we demonstrate that three patients with AS without DL, known to have a deletion of the 5' part of the COL4A5 gene, display a larger deletion in COL4A6. Moreover, a COL4A6 mRNA product was detected by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction in an oesophageal tumour sample of a patient with DL-AS. These results suggest that DL-AS could be caused by an abnormal truncated alpha 6(IV) chain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The intervertebral disk. Attempt at a "finite element" model].

Intervertebral disk composite model is unsatisfactory definite in biomechanical behaviour despite multiples technics used. Using histologic and histoenzymology it's possible to determinate proportions of collagen fibers in the different parts of the disk. A trustworthy finite element 3D model is proposed and tried by real experiments.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Study of the tensile properties of living skin equivalents.

The living skin equivalent is one of the more advanced clinical applications in the field of tissue engineering. It is a promising therapeutic option for burn victims and a strong potential for manifold in vitro experiments. However, researchers have encountered major drawbacks in the reconstruction of the dermal layer. Peripheral anchorage of the dermal equivalent component has been a valuable solution to many of these problems. In this work, we have carried out the mechanical analysis of skin equivalent models, based on this dermal anchoring technique, with a study of their biaxial tensile properties. Differences between models were related to the origin of collagen, either bovine or human, and on the culture techniques: immersion or at the air-liquid interface. The study was accomplished in vitro using 25.4-mm-diameter disk-shaped specimens with an indentation test. In appropriate wet condition, the specimens were punctured with a spherical tip at a quasi-static rate. We measured the load applied against the tip vs deflection up to the breaking point. Our results show that skin equivalents presented a typical exponential load-deflection relationship. All skin equivalents presented large extensibility up to 1.41 expressed in a ratio of deflection vs specimen's radius. The maximum tensile strength (0.871-1.169 Newton) and energy calculations (3.75-6.432 N.mm) was offered by living skin equivalent, made with human types I and III collagens, cultured at the air-liquid interface. In these conditions, our results suggest the tensile properties of living skin equivalents were enhanced due to the development of well stratified stratum corneum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Preliminary opto-electronic study on vertebral movement.

Opto-electronic systems utilising measurement of displacement of skin markers allows study of movement in the living subject. The authors have used this method in a kinematic study of the thoracic and lumbar spine measuring the displacement of skin markers placed over the spinous processes. It was possible to approach the physiological state of these complex movements once the apparatus had been calibrated to the correct level, and the error margins minimised. Repeated measurements confirmed the reliability of this method even if movement of the skin with respect to the bony reference points introduced some margin of error. Three dimensional displacement of the vertebrae were measured during voluntary movements of the spine demonstrating the complex geometry. Since opto-electronics are non-invasive they constitute an important advance in the study of the kinematics of the spine.

Adult↗